europe's (torn?) identity - Projects - AEGEE Europe

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EUROPE WITHOUT BORDERS In Europe nation-states are about 200 years old. In the 1800's loyalty to the King was replaced by loyalty to the Nation. The highest priority of a nation became getting control on a compact geographic setting. Nations of same origin have, in all matters, insisted on unification, others have fought to become autonomous. Nations have subsequently surrounded themselves with borders. Borders have become important institutions of a nation's sovereignty. State institutions (military, police, customs,...) have enforced positions on them. On one side of the border loyalty to one nation, on the other side of the border loyalty to the other nation has been expected. Several dividing meters between residences, often belonging to people of the same nationality, have made a big difference. The character of borders changed with time. Literature distinguishes between closed, filtered, semi-open and open borders. Open borders enable free passage, trade and communication across real, existing border settings. Eliminating borders completely became Europe's trend in the 1990's. After Europe's 200 years of nation-state history, in 1998, for the first time border posts, in a physical sense, were abandoned by a dozen European Union nationstates. The outer borders of the EU federation have, on the other hand, been strengthened. The Schengen Accords, signed in this tiny Luxembourg village in 1992, enforced the control on borders towards non-members. Belonging to “the club” of the 15 nation-states has become a privilege worth making an effort to join. In 2003, 10 non-EU member nation-states were invited to become full-time members and to eliminate, in an adequate time-span, borders dividing them. The outer-border, however, still remains tough to cross. The early 20th century nation-state demography showed a pure national character at the centre and a weak one on nation-state's periphery, in border areas. There, by default, a mixed character of ethnic groups existed. With all means and with no exceptions, nation-state's dominant culture and ideology has been enforced at this periphery. Majority's chauvinism and nationalism has interacted there with irredentism of the nation-state. Due to this fact and due to in general lower level of economic development permanent and semi-permanent migration, underground resistance and political activity opposing central government has taken place. The Italo-Slovene border area (in Yugoslavia and Italy) was in the time frame from 1919 until 1970 abandoned by more than half of its autochthonous citizens. New and loyal ethnic and social groups have been introduced into the area. Opposition against fascism, communism/socialism and liberal capitalism was and remains strong. 56
Figure 1: East and Central European shatter belt. (Source: Geojurnal, 52, 2000, 2, p. 108.) 57
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EUROPE'S (TORN?) IDENTITY RESULT BO
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PUBLISHER ADDRESS AEGEE-Ljubljana M
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS GREETING . . . . . . . . .
Page 11: GREETING A great opportunity opened
Page 14 and 15: sent such a problem and modern tech
Page 16 and 17: Higher education AEGEE has a long h
Page 18 and 19: INTERNATIONAL POLITICS WORKING GROU
Page 20 and 21: ● Muslims & Europe, Muslims in Eu
Page 22 and 23: ● ● ● ● ● To provide the
Page 24 and 25: een a challenging experience for al
Page 26 and 27: MEETING POINT IN SLOVENIA The confe
Page 28 and 29: WHAT WAS IT LIKE? (Results of feedb
Page 30 and 31: ● ● Lecture rooms: The particip
Page 32 and 33: Bernd Knuefer: “Multi-level gover
Page 34 and 35: The concern among young people expl
Page 37 and 38: EUROPE'S IDENTITY - TO BE OR NOT TO
Page 39 and 40: Europe to the North. The Empire of
Page 41 and 42: EUROPEAN UNION - HORIZONTAL (WIDENI
Page 43 and 44: ● ● Most decisions will be take
Page 45 and 46: From the lecture ... ● ● ●
Page 47 and 48: ● ● ● ● ● 13 representati
Page 49 and 50: NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE EU AND SEE
Page 51 and 52: AEGEE initiatives in SEE ● ●
Page 53 and 54: additional resources but encouraged
Page 55 and 56: EU: ENLARGEMENT AND DIPLOMATIC INIT
Page 57: and the separation wars that shook
Page 61 and 62: Friuli-Venetia Giulia, Italy, was a
Page 63 and 64: EUROPEAN IDENTITY AND MULTI-LEVEL G
Page 65 and 66: IN SEARCH FOR NEW EUROPEAN IDENTITI
Page 67 and 68: The formation and development of ne
Page 69 and 70: ● ● ● multicultural/intercult
Page 71 and 72: From the lecture ... ● ● ●
Page 73 and 74: EUROPEAN IDENTITY(-IES): INVENTING
Page 75 and 76: We are conscious of our differences
Page 77 and 78: cles of identity, allowing for the
Page 79 and 80: Europe has to fear the American myt
Page 81 and 82: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Adv
Page 83 and 84: The recently announced enlargement
Page 85 and 86: Several important developments conc
Page 87 and 88: Introduction EUROPEAN IDENTITY AND
Page 89 and 90: The indicator of whether a country
Page 91 and 92: in Europe's policy today. This is a
Page 93 and 94: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Establi
Page 95 and 96: PRAGMATISM AS A NEW PARADIGM IN THE
Page 97 and 98: that a local identity progresses to
Page 99 and 100: 2. There is a great disparity betwe
Page 101 and 102: ● ● ● ● ● ● Examples of
Page 103 and 104: people to both the European member
Page 105 and 106: Exercise 2: I would like you to giv
Page 107 and 108: to view our group as better than th
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symmetrical. This usually leads to
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From the lecture ... ● ● ● Wh
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women on traits associated with com
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To me, as a Belarusian in national
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SPONSORS AUSTRIAN SCIENCE AND RESEA
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