B Positive – all you wanted to know about - ASHM

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INDEX a Aboriginal also see Indigenous Australians • high risk group...........................................................18–19, 40 • liver cancer............................................................................15–16 • prevalence.............................................................14–16, 35, 47 • vaccination....................................................................15, 47, 50 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)....... 6, 78 Actitest®............................................................................................................34 acute infection..............................................................41, 43, 51, 53–4 adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)....10, 5, 7–8, 55, 57, 59–6 , 78, 103 advanced liver disease.......11–1 , 18, 41–3, 65–8, 75, 78–9 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)............................................................. .... 7, 31, 33–6, 41–3, 5 –3, 57–60, 65, 77–8, 80, 97, 99, 103 alpha fetoprotein estimation.............................53–5, 69–71, 77 American Association of the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)......................................................................................................35, 41 andrographis paniculata (green chiretta; Chuan Xin Lian) .................................................................................................................................98 andrographolide........................................................................................98 anti-HBc...................................................15, 17, 3 , 34, 36, 5 , 54, 80 anti-HBc IgG...........................................................................................3 , 43 anti-HBc IgM...................................................................3 , 34, 43, 5 –3 anti-HBe.....................................................3 , 34, 36, 4 –3, 5 , 54, 58 anti-HBs................................................................................................................... ..... 6, 8, 3 , 34, 36, 41, 46, 48–9, 5 –4, 77–8, 80, 86–7, 103 antiviral agents ................................................................................................. .................10, 4, 6–7, 44, 55, 57–6 , 65–6, 75–80, 97–8, 103 • see also adefovir dipivoxil (ADV); clevudine; complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); emtricitabine (FTC); entecavir (ETV); lamivudine (LMV); telbivudine (L-dT); tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) antiviral resistance see drug resistance apigenin (Ocinum basilicum)...........................................................96 Artemisia annua (Chinese wormwood; Qing Hao)...........98 artesunate.......................................................................................................98 ascites..........................................................................11, 33, 5 , 54, 67–8 Asian-American Hepatitis B Program [New York]...............7 aspartate aminotransferase (AST).................................35, 53, 99 Astragalus membranaceus (milk-vetch root; Huang Qi).....97–8 Atractylis gummifera (pine thistle).........................................96, 98 Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association (AACMA)......................................................................96, 99 Australian Immunisation Handbook.............................50, 85–6 Australian Medical Association (AMA)........................................90 b bilirubin.............................................................................................34, 54, 99 black cohosh (Actea racemosa and Cimicifuga racemosa).......................................................................................................99 blood product recipients.....................................................40, 46, 85 body piercing............................................................................47, 85, 10 Bupleurum chinensis (Chai Hu)......................................................97 c Cancer Council NSW............................................................................6–7 Cancer Incidence in New South Wales Migrants 1991- 001 (Cancer Council NSW).................................................................................6 Carlina gummifera....................................................................................96 cART see Combination Antiretroviral Therapy CD4 T-cells....................................................................................................... 4 CD8 T-cells....................................................................................................... 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [USA]............83 chemotherapy.................................................................... 6, 69, 71, 80 Chinese.............................................................................................15, 18, 70 Chinese medicine................................................................................96–9 chronic HBV • age factors.......................................................................41, 46, 51 • clinical assessment.............................................................51–6 • definition.................................................................................9, 10 • drug resistance...................................................................... 6–9 • immune active phase......................................................9–10 • immune clearance phase......................................34, 41–3 • immune control phase...................................34, 41–3, 53 • immune escape phase............................................34, 41–3 • immune tolerant phase.........................10, 34, 41–3, 59 • liver damage........................................ 4, 4 , 54–5, 58, 103 • management in complex situations..................75–80 • mortality..........................................................................................44 • natural history........................................................................40–4 • paediatric management................................................77–8 • referral guidelines......................................................................54 • treatment...............................................................................57–63 chronic liver disease........................15, 47, 49, 5 , 66, 7 , 85, 96 cirrhosis • compensated.......................................................................11, 14 • complementary medicine...................................96, 98–9 • decompensated..........................10–11, 44, 60, 65–6, 71 • definition..........................................................................................65 b Positive – all you wanted to know about hepatitis b: a guide for primary care providers 119
Index • HBV DNA level.......................................................................31– • HBV/HCV co-infection............................................................79 • HBV/HIV co-infection..............................................................78 • HCC screening.....................................................................56, 7 • hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)....................................70 • liver biopsy results.....................................................................33 • monitoring.............................................................................6 , 67 • mortality..........................................................................................44 • prediction of development...............................33, 43, 53 • pregnancy......................................................................................76 • risk factors................................................................................44, 51 clevudine......................................................................................................... 7 clinical assessment.............................................................................51–6 • see also test results; testing clotting disorder patients..............................................................46–7 coinfection • HBV- hepatitis D...................................................44, 66, 78–9 • HBV-HCV....................................................................17, 44, 78–9 • HBV-HIV........................................................ 7–8, 44, 63, 78–9 combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART)........... 6, 78–80 combination therapy................................................. 9, 61– , 78–9 complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)....11, 96–9 compound 861 (Cpd 861).............................................................97–9 computed tomography (CT) scanning.............................66, 70 Comvax.............................................................................................................48 confidentiality.........................................................................................90–5 contact tracing..............................................................................37, 94–5 covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA.............................. 4–5, 43 criminal law....................................................................................................95 Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities • prevalence.............................................................................14–15 • vaccination.............................................................................47, 50 d depression..............................................................................................59, 63 discrimination......................................................................19, 84, 91, 95 drug resistance......................10, 4–9, 33, 55, 57–6 , 77–8, 80 duty of care to third parties................................................................95 e emtricitabine (FTC)...........................................................10, 7, 61, 78 Engerix-B....................................................................................................48–9 entecavir (ETV)........10, 5, 7–9, 55, 57, 59–6 , 65, 78, 80, 103 epidemiology......................................................................................13–19 ethics...................................................................................................................90 exposure-prone procedures.......................................5 , 8 , 86–7 1 0 b Positive – all you wanted to know about hepatitis b: a guide for primary care providers f Fibroscan®.......................................................................................................35 • fibrosis see hepatic fibrosis Fibrotest®....................................................................................................34–5 flares..............................................4 –3, 5 , 55, 57–8, 60, 76, 79–80 flavonoids..................................................................................................96–8 fluid and electrolyte balance problems..............................66–7 fulminant hepatitis.............................................43, 46, 54, 76–7, 79 G genotypes.............................................................................33, 44, 59–60 genotyping....................................................................................................33 glomerulonephritis..................................................................................5 gloves.................................................................................................................84 glycyrrhiza root (liquorice; Gan Cao) root.................................97 H H-B-VAX II.........................................................................................................48 haemodialysis patients..........................................35, 40, 47, 49, 85 hand hygiene...............................................................................................84 HBcAg.................................................................................................. 5–6, 5 HBeAg.....................................................................................................10–11, 6, 31–4, 36, 41–3, 51–5, 57–60, 6 , 76–80, 83, 97–8, 103 • HBeAg-negative patients ....10, 43, 5 –3, 58–60, 76 • HBeAg-positive patients ............................................................ ..............................................10, 3 , 43, 51, 53, 55, 57–60, 6 , 76 • HBeAg seroconversion....10, 6, 3 –3, 4 , 55, 58–60, 98 HBIG......................................................... 6, 46–7, 49–50, 76–7, 86–7 HBsAg................................................................................14–18, 4–6, 8, 31– , 34, 36, 41–3, 46–9, 5 –4, 58, 60, 76–80, 87, 97, 103 • HBsAg-negative patients............................43, 76, 78–80 • HBsAg-positive patients..................................................9, 11, 15–18, 35–6, 40–1, 43, 46–7, 49, 5 , 54–5, 57, 78, 80 • HBsAg seroconversion...........................................10, 58, 60 HBV antigens................................................................................. 4, 6, 31 HBV DNA.................................................................................................... 4–6 • genome.............................................................................. 5, 3 –3 • level........................................................10, 7, 31–4, 37, 4 –4, 5 –5, 57–9, 6 , 65, 76, 78, 80, 83, 96–7, 99, 103 • HBV DNA testing see testing HBV-HCV coinfection........................................................17, 44, 78–9 HBV-hepatitis D coinfection.........................................44, 66, 78–9 HBV-HIV coinfection............................................ 7–8, 44, 63, 78–9 HBV Pol................................................................................................ 5, 7–8 HBV-related liver disease projections..........................................18 • HCC see hepatocellular carcinoma health care workers • HBV infected.................................................................................87 • occupational exposure...................................47, 5 , 8 –8 • vaccination..........................................49, 8 , 85, 87, 89, 104
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all you wanted to know about hepati
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B Positive - all you wanted to know
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4 b Positive - all you wanted to kn
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Foreword in nsW, just seven cancers
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Executive Summary this monograph ai
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Executive Summary variable course o
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Executive Summary of the exposed he
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5 Figures and 2 Tables 1 Prevalence
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1 Prevalence and epidemiology of he
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VIROLOGY: VIRAL REPLICATION AND DRU
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2 Virology: viral replication and d
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3 Hepatitis B virus testing and int
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References 1. Milich d, Liang tJ. e
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NATURAL HISTORY OF CHRONIC HEPATITI
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4 Natural history of chronic hepati
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4 Natural history of chronic hepati
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PRIMARY PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B V
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5 Primary prevention of hepatitis B
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5 Primary prevention of hepatitis B
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6 Clinical assessment of patients w
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7 Treatment of chronic hepatitis B
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8 Managing patients with advanced l
Page 69 and 70: 8 Managing patients with advanced l
Page 71 and 72: 9 Hepatitis B virus related hepatoc
Page 77 and 78: 10 Managing hepatitis B virus infec
Page 83 and 84: INFECTION CONTROL AND OCCUPATIONAL
Page 85 and 86: 11 Infection control and occupation
Page 91 and 92: PRIVACY, CONFIDENTIALITY AND OTHER
Page 93 and 94: 12 Privacy, confidentiality and oth
Page 95 and 96: 12 Privacy, confidentiality and oth
Page 97 and 98: THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
Page 99 and 100: 13 The role of complementary medici
Page 101 and 102: 13 The role of complementary medici
Page 103 and 104: Appendix 1 Hepatitis B Fact sheet -
Page 105 and 106: Appendix 1 - Continued support is a
Page 107 and 108: Appendix 2 List of useful organisat
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 2 - Continued » Hepatitis
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 2 - Continued The Hepatiti
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 2 - Continued otHer onLine
Page 115 and 116: GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS Viral he
Page 117 and 118: Glossary and abbreviations GP: Gene
Page 119: Glossary and abbreviations Standard
Page 123 and 124: Index liver transplantation........
Page 125: Notes 1 4 b Positive - all you want
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