B Positive – all you wanted to know about - ASHM

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Needlestick or sharps injury prevention inappropriate handling of sharps is a major cause of accidental exposure to blood-borne viruses in health care settings. to minimise the risk of a needlestick or sharps injury, needles, sharps and clinical waste should be handled carefully at all times. specifically, clinicians and other health care workers should: � Minimise their handling of needles, sharps and clinical waste � not bend or recap needles or remove needles from disposable syringes � use safe needle-handling systems, including rigid containers for disposal, which should be kept out of the reach of toddlers and small children � Have ‘sharps’ containers available at the point of use or in close proximity to work sites to aid easy and immediate disposal. importantly, the person who has used a sharp instrument or needle must be responsible for its immediate safe disposal following its use. Issues for health care workers Hepatitis B vaccination Vaccination is an important infection control strategy to prevent the transmission of HbV. a safe and effective vaccine to protect against HbV has been available in australia since 1988. The Australian Immunisation Handbook (2007) 6 recommends the following groups be vaccinated against hepatitis b: � infants and young children � adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years � sexual contacts of people with acute and chronic hepatitis b � other household contacts of people with acute and chronic hepatitis b � People on haemodialysis, individuals with HiV and other adults with weakened immune systems � injecting drug users � recipients of certain blood products � individuals with chronic liver disease and hepatitis c � residents and staff of facilities for persons with intellectual disability � individuals adopting children from overseas � Liver transplant recipients � inmates and staff from long-term correctional facilities � Health care workers, dentists, embalmers, tattooists and body-piercers � others at risk including: � Police, members of the armed services and emergency services staff � Long-term travellers to regions with high endemicity � staff of child day-care centres � People playing contact sport. in addition, consideration for HbV screening and vaccination should be given to people from other community groups with high prevalence of HbV infection. these include: � indigenous peoples � cultural and linguistically diverse communities (caLd). there is a significant variation between australian jurisdictions in the availability of funded hepatitis b vaccination programs for people considered at high risk of exposure to hepatitis b infection. for further information about the availability of local HbV vaccination programs, contact relevant state and territory health departments. Hepatitis B vaccination regime for adults over 20 years of age, a full course of HbV vaccine consists of three doses at 0, 1 and 6 month intervals. adolescents aged between 11 and 15 years should receive a two-dose regimen of the adult formulation of HbV vaccine at 0 and 4–6 months intervals. it is recommended that children have a total of three doses of the paediatric formulation of HbV vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 month intervals. infants should receive a birth dose of HbV vaccine, followed by doses at 2, 4 and either 6 or 12 months. Post-vaccination serological testing is recommended four weeks after the third dose of HbV vaccine for people in the following categories: � People at significant occupational risk (e.g. clinicians and other health care workers whose work involves frequent exposure to blood and body substances) b Positive – all you wanted to know about hepatitis b: a guide for primary care providers 85
11 Infection control and occupational health � People at risk of severe or complicated disease (e.g. people who are immunocompromised and people with pre-existing liver disease not related to HbV) � People in whom a poor response to HbV vaccination is expected (e.g. patients undergoing haemodialysis). if a person’s anti-Hbs level is
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all you wanted to know about hepati
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B Positive - all you wanted to know
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4 b Positive - all you wanted to kn
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Foreword in nsW, just seven cancers
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Executive Summary this monograph ai
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Executive Summary variable course o
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Executive Summary of the exposed he
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5 Figures and 2 Tables 1 Prevalence
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1 Prevalence and epidemiology of he
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VIROLOGY: VIRAL REPLICATION AND DRU
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2 Virology: viral replication and d
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3 Hepatitis B virus testing and int
Page 35 and 36: 3 Hepatitis B virus testing and int
Page 37 and 38: 3 Hepatitis B virus testing and int
Page 39 and 40: References 1. Milich d, Liang tJ. e
Page 41 and 42: NATURAL HISTORY OF CHRONIC HEPATITI
Page 43 and 44: 4 Natural history of chronic hepati
Page 45 and 46: 4 Natural history of chronic hepati
Page 47 and 48: PRIMARY PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B V
Page 49 and 50: 5 Primary prevention of hepatitis B
Page 51 and 52: 5 Primary prevention of hepatitis B
Page 53 and 54: 6 Clinical assessment of patients w
Page 59 and 60: 7 Treatment of chronic hepatitis B
Page 67 and 68: 8 Managing patients with advanced l
Page 69 and 70: 8 Managing patients with advanced l
Page 71 and 72: 9 Hepatitis B virus related hepatoc
Page 77 and 78: 10 Managing hepatitis B virus infec
Page 83 and 84: INFECTION CONTROL AND OCCUPATIONAL
Page 85: 11 Infection control and occupation
Page 89 and 90: 11 Infection control and occupation
Page 91 and 92: PRIVACY, CONFIDENTIALITY AND OTHER
Page 93 and 94: 12 Privacy, confidentiality and oth
Page 95 and 96: 12 Privacy, confidentiality and oth
Page 97 and 98: THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
Page 99 and 100: 13 The role of complementary medici
Page 101 and 102: 13 The role of complementary medici
Page 103 and 104: Appendix 1 Hepatitis B Fact sheet -
Page 105 and 106: Appendix 1 - Continued support is a
Page 107 and 108: Appendix 2 List of useful organisat
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 2 - Continued » Hepatitis
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 2 - Continued The Hepatiti
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 2 - Continued otHer onLine
Page 115 and 116: GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS Viral he
Page 117 and 118: Glossary and abbreviations GP: Gene
Page 119 and 120: Glossary and abbreviations Standard
Page 121 and 122: Index • HBV DNA level............
Page 123 and 124: Index liver transplantation........
Page 125: Notes 1 4 b Positive - all you want
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B Positive – all you wanted to know about - ASHM

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