Promoting renewable energies - RETS Project

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Geothermal and Ground Source Heat Pump Technologies Introduction The core of the earth is at a temperature of 5000- 6000°C. Although the distance to the centre of the planet is approximately 6500 km, heat is transferred radially outward and there is still useful heat to be exploited several km below the surface. This energy is most readily exploited by identifying deep porous rocks (aquifers) containing hot, pressurised ground water. A borehole drilled into the strata will release the water to the surface where if it is in excess of 150°C it will be suitable, via a heat exchanger, for use in electricity generation. If at a lower temperature it may still be suitable for district heating. EU resource assessment Installed geothermal electricity capacity is around 1 GWe in the EU-27 (2011) producing 0.2% of the total EU electricity production. Current resource assessment techniques indicate that EU geothermal resources are significant having the potential to supply at least 15% of area’s electricity consumption in 2050. Employment, market development and generating capacity In 2010 deep geothermal energy sources were responsible for the electrical generation of approximately 5,600 GWh. League leaders are Italy, Portugal, Germany and France. Direct heating usage of geothermal energy is about 660 ktoe with Hungary, Italy, France and Slovakia as the main producers. Geothermal energy, Soultz-sous-Forêts, France Much nearer the surface, due to its heat storage properties and solar gain, soil and water temperature is relatively stable relative to ambient air and required indoor temperatures. This property makes surface water/ground water sources and the ground itself suitable as a heat source in the winter (and heat sink in the summer) for a reversible ground source heat pump. It is estimated that employment linked with the manufacture and deployment of this technology across the EU is in excess of 12,000 with the bulk of the jobs being in Italy, France and Germany. In The market is valued to be nearly €1.1 billion. In 2010 ground source heat pump energy sources were responsible for the capture of approximately 2,000 ktoe with total installed plant capacity of around 12,600 MW th . 32 RETS Compendium – © 2012 RETS Consortium
League leaders are Sweden, Germany, Finland and France. It is estimated that employment linked with the manufacture and deployment of this technology across the EU is approximately 40,000 with the employment league again mirroring national installed capacity. A major EU funded project in the area of geothermal energy has been the Enhanced Geothermal System - EGS Pilot Plant. The 1.5 MW scheme, situated in Soultzsous-Forêts on the French German border has developed improvements in multi-well drilling, simulation and diagnostic methods and technology selection for maximising resource extraction. The market is valued to be around €2,700 million. Heat pump at the Heerlen Mine Water Project, the Netherlands Research, development and demonstration in the EU The key research areas for geothermal energy exploitation are the: development of assessment methods for geothermal systems and the creation of quality public databases; development of exploration methods for deep geothermal resources; development of high temperature, pressure and salinity resistant instrumentation and pump technology; development of low temperature, high efficiency turbines; exploitation of large off-shore geothermal reservoirs and ultra-deep (>10 km) geothermal resources; Development of heat pump natural refrigerants. RETS Compendium – © 2012 RETS Consortium 33
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