IWMP-3 - Commissionerate of Rural Development Gujarat State ...

DWDU, Rajkot 

Detailed Project Report 

Cluster-IWMP: III (Panchavda) 

(Kharachiya (Jam), Panchavda, Jangvad, Jasapar) 

( Ha. 4239.30, Cost Rs. 635.90 Lac ) 

Year :- 2009-10 

PIA : D. W. D. U. – Rajkot 

D.L.N.A. : District Watershed Development Unit – Rajkot 

(S.L.N.A. – G.S.W.M.A. – Gandhinagar) 

Detailed Project Report: IWMP-III 1

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table of Contents 

Chapter 1 Project Background 11 

1.1 Project Background 12 

Table no. 1: Basic project information 12 

1.2 Need of Watershed Development Programme 13 

Table no. 2: Weightage of the Project 13 

Table No.2.1 Criteria and weightage for selection of watershed 14 to 15 

Table no. 3: Watershed information 15 

1.3 Other projects/scheme running in the project villages 16 

Table no.4: Developmental programmes running in the project area: 17 to 18 

Table no. 5: Previous Watershed programme in the project area: 19 

Chapter 2 Project Implementing Agency 20 

2.1 Project Implementing Agency 21 

2.2 About District Watershed Development Unit, Rajkot. 21 

2.2.1 The organization and its objectives: 21 

2.2.2 Programmes/projects running in the distric 22 

2.3 SWOT Analysis of the DWDU 23 

Table no. 6: PIA: 24 

Table no. 7: Staff at PIA level: 24 

Chapter 3 Basic Information of the Project Area 25 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3.1. Geography and Geo-hydrology 26 

3.1.1 Land use pattern: 26 

Table no. 8: Land use pattern: 26 

3.1.2 Soil and topography 26 

Table no. 9: Soil type and topography 27 

Table no. 10: Flood and drought condition 27 

Table no. 11: Soil Erosion 28 

Table no. 11.1: Soil Salinity/Alkalinity (Salinity ingress) 28 

Table: 12. Climatic Conditions(Last six years annual rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature of Jasdan taluk 28 

3.1.3 Slope 29 

Table no. 13: Physiography and relief 29 

3.2 Land and Agriculture 30 

Table no. 14: Land ownership details 30 

Table no. 15: Agriculture 30 

3.2.1 Irrigation 31 

Table no. 16: Irrigation 31 

Table no. 17: Crop details 32 to 33 

3.3 Livestock 33 

Table no. 18: Livestock 34 

Table no. 19: Drinking water 34 

Table no. 20: Details of Common Property Resources 35 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3.5 Socio-Economic Profile 35 

3.5.1 Demographic Status 35 

Table no. 21: Demographic information 36 

Table no. 22: Literacy rate 36 

3.5.2 Migration Pattern 36 

Table no. 23: Migration details 37 

Table no. 24: Poverty 37 

3.5.3 Infrastructure facilities 37 

Table no. 25: Village infrastructure 38 

Table no. 26: Facilities / HH assets 38 

3.5.4 Livelihood pattern 38 

Table no. 27: Per capita Income 39 

Table no.28: Dependence on Forest/CPR 39 

Table no. 29: Livelihood pattern (Occupational distribution) 39 

Chapter 4 Watershed Activities 40 

Watershed Activities 41 

4.1. Scientific Planning 41 to 47 

Table no. 30: Details of Scientific Planning and Inputs in IWMP projects 48 to 49 

4.2. Institution Building 49 

Table no. 31.1: Watershed Committee details (Kharachiya Jam ) 50 

Table no. 31.2: Watershed Committee details (Panchvada) 51 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31.3: Watershed Committee details (Jagavad) 52 

Table no. 31.4: Watershed Committee details (Jasapar) 53 

ii) Self Help Group 54 

Table no. 32: SHG detail 54 

iii) User Group: 55 

Table No. 33: The following types of groups were planned to be formed 55 

Table no. 33.1 : UG detail (Kharchiya Jam) 56 

Table no. 33.2: UG detail (Panchavada) 56 

Table no. 33.3 : UG detail (Jangavad) 57 

Table no. 33. 4: UG detail (Jasapar) 57 

4.3. Physical activities to be undertaken under IWMP-III 58 

Table No. 34: Entry Point Activities (EPA): Some of the major activities proposed in Kharachiya Jam are: 58 

Table No. 34.1: Some of the major activities proposed in Panchavda are: 59 

Table No. 34.2: Some of the major activities proposed in Jangvad are: 60 

Table No. 34.3: Some of the major activities proposed in Jasapar are: 61 

Table no.35: Details of activities of preparatory phase (All financial figures in lakh Rs.) 62 

4.3.2. Watershed Development Works: 62 

4.3.2.1 Ridge Area Treatment Plans 62 

1. Contour Bunds/Trench 63 

2. Boulder Checks /Loose Boulder checks 63 

3. Gabions 64 


DWDU, Rajkot 

4.3.2.2 Drainage line Treatment and water harvesting for land development: 65 

1. Check dams 65 

2. Waste weirs 65 

4.3.2.3 Plains or Flat level/Field level: 66 

1) Farm Pond: 66 

2) Irrigation/Percolation tank 66 to 67 

3) Farm bund 67 

4. Afforestation 67 

Table no.36: Activities related to Surface water resources in Kharachiya Jam (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 68 

Table no.36.1: Activities related to Surface water resources in Panchavda (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 68 

Table no.36.2: Activities related to Surface water resources in Jangavad (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 69 

Table no.36.3: Activities related to Surface water resources in Jasapar (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 69 

Table no.36.4: Activities related to Surface water resources in cluster IWMP-III (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 70 

Table no.37: Activities related to recharging ground water resources in the project areas (all financial figures in lakh 71 

Rs.) 

Table no. 38: Activities related to livelihoods by Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the project areas 72 to 73 

Table no. 39: Other activities of watershed works phase – Proposed target 74 

Table no.40: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Kharachiya (Jam) 74 

Table no. 40.i: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Panchavada 75 

Table no. 40.ii: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Jangvad 76 

Table no. 40.iii: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Jasapar 77 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.1: Technical Details of Earthen Contour Bund/Trench 78 

Table No 40.2: Technical Details of Boulder checks 78 to 80 

Table No 40.3: Technical Details of Gabion structures 81 to 82 

Table No 40.4: Technical Details/Estimates of Farm Bund 83 

Table No 40.5. Technical Details of Excavation of Trench and raising embankment 84 

Table no 40.5.i, Quantity Calculation of trench and refilling 84 

Table No 40.6 Technical Details of Farm Pond 84 

Table no 40.7. Technical details of Percolation Tank 85 

Table no 40.8. Technical details of Check dam 86 to 87 

Table no 40.9. Technical details of Check dam 88 to 89 

Table no.41: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Kharachiya Jam 90 

Table no.41.1: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Panchavda 91 

Table no.41.2: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Jangvad 92 

Table no.41.3: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Jasapar 93 

Table No, 41.i, Technical Details of Afforestation Activities 94 

Table No, 41.ii , Cost Estimation for afforestation activity 94 to 95 

Table No, 41.iii: Technical Details of Bio-gas 96 to 101 

Table no.42: Details of allied / other activities: Kharachiya Jam 102 

Table no.42.1: Details of allied / other activities:Panchvda 103 to 104 

Table no.42.2: Details of allied / other activities: Jangvad 105 

Table no.42.3: Details of allied / other activities: Jasapar 106 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Livelihood Intervention 107 to 109 

Production System-1: Papad production units 109 

Introduction 109 to 114 

Production System-2: Dairy Buffalo Farming 114 to 117 

Production System-3: Fodder bank for Watershed villages 117 to 119 

Table 42.i .Primary Model for A Fodder Bank 120 

Table no: 42.ii: Cost of cultivation for fodder production 121 

Table No. 42.iii, Revenue and return Details 121 to 125 

Table: 42.iv Model of a Vermi-compost Unit for 40 beds of Dimension (10mt*1mt*0.3mt) 126 

Table No-42.v: Returns from vermicomposting 127 to 128 

Production System – 6 Khadi based industries 128 to 130 

Production System – 7: Turmeric Cultivation 131 

Table No-42.vi: Economics of turmeric cultivation in 1ha. Area 131 to 132 

Production System – 7: Floriculture 133 

Table No-42.vii: Economics of Marigold cultivation 134 to 137 

Table No-42.viii Technical Details of Sunflower Plantation Activities 138 to 141 

Table No-42.ix: Economic of Rose cultivation in 1 Hectare 141 

Table no.43: Details of activities in the CPRs in the project areas 142 to 143 

4.4 Capacity building and Institutional collaboration 143 

Table no. 44: Institutes Identified for Capacity Building 144 

Table no. 45: Capacity Building plan 145 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.46: Information, Education and Communication Activities 145 

Chapter 5 Budgeting 146 

Table no. 47: Budget at a glance 147 

Table no. 48: Village wise- component wise budget available under IWMP 148 

Table no. 49: Village wise gap in funds requirement 148 

Table no.50: Details of Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes 149 

Chapter 6 Expected Outcome 150 

6.1.1 Employment 151 

Table no. 52: Employment in Project area 151 

6.1.2 Migration 151 

Table no. 53: Details of seasonal migration from Project area 152 

6.1.3 Ground water table 152 

Table no. 54: Details of average ground water table depth in the project areas (in meters) 152 

6.1.4: Drinking water 153 

Table no. 55: Status of Drinking water 153 

6.1. 5: Crops 153 

Table no. 56: Details of crop area and yield in the project areas 154 

6.1.6 Horticulture 154 

Table no. 57: Area under horticulture 154 

6.1.7 Vegetative cover 155 

Table no. 58: Forest/vegetative cover 155 


DWDU, Rajkot 

6.1.8 Livestock 155 

Table no. 59: Details of livestock in the project areas (for fluids please mention in litres, solids in kg and income in 155 

Rs.) 

Linkages 156 

Table no. 60: Backward-Forward linkages 156 to 157 

Logical Framework Analysis 158 to 162 

Chapter 7 Quality and Sustainability Lssus 163 

Plans for Monitoring and Evaluation 164 

Vigilance and Monitoring Committees 165 

Research support in watershed management 165 

Farmer organization and empowerment 165 to 166 

Use of traditional institutions and indigenous knowledge 166 

Plans For Project management: 167 

Watershed Development Fund: 167 

Table No. 60. Details of Watershed Development Fund(WDF) 167 

User Charges: 168 

Chapter 8 Mapping 169 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 1 

PROJECT BACKGROUND 


DWDU, Rajkot 

1.1 Project Background 

The milliwatershed consists of four villages namely, Kharachiya jam, Panchavda, Jangavad and Jasapar under IWMP-III 

cluster which are located in Jasdan Taluka of Rajkot District in Gujarat state. The project is a cluster of 13 micro watersheds with 

5G1B9c1e, 5G1B9c1d, 5G1B9c1f, 5G1B9c2a, 5G1B9d3a, 5G1B9d2b, 5G1B9d3c, 5G1B9d3b, 5G1B9d3d, 5G1B9d3e, 5G1B9c1g, 

5G1B9c1b, 5G1B9c1c as micro watershed codes. The total project area of the watershed is about 6739.30 ha, out of which 4239.30 ha is 

proposed to be treated under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). 

The nearest town is Jasdan which is about 20 km from the project area and well connected by pucca road. In the watershed villages 

Patel, Darbar, Rabari, Koli, Bharvad, Muslims and Harijan communities are the primary inhabitants of the village. The villagers mainly 

depend upon agriculture or working in diamond polishing shops, Handicraft and thresher industries in Jasdan town. The Rabari and 

Bharvad community mainly depends upon dairying. Agriculture is totally dependent on rain. There are 1432 Well and 546 Bore wells, Out 

of them 571 well and 213 Bore wells found totally dry and 841 wells and 333 Bore wells are used for partially irrigation in the project area. 

Drinking water mainly comes from the Narmda Pipeline and other wells/ borewells. Horticultural plants and afforestation plants planted 

under hariyali project and by organization BAIF increase the beauty of most of villages. The visible trees in the farmlands are Neem, 

Babool, Bor, Pipar, Pipal, Lemon and Vad. 

Table no. 1: Basic project information 

Sl. 

No 

Name of 

Villages 

the project Name Census 

code 

Gram 

Panchayats 

Taluka District Area of 

the 

project 

Area 

proposed 

to be 

treated 

Total 

project 

cost (Rs. 

in lakh) 

1 IWMP-III Kharachiya(Jam) 00675400 Kharachiya(Jam) Jasdan Rajkot 1036.40 536.40 80.46 

2 Panchavda 00677200 Panchavda 2090.10 1090.10 163.52 

3 Jangavad 00677100 Jangavad 1988.20 1488.20 223.23 

4 Jasapar 00677300 Jasapar 1624.60 1124.60 168.69 

Total 

6739.30 4239.30 635.90 

PIA 

DWDU 

Rajkot 


DWDU, Rajkot 

1.2 Need of Watershed Development Programme 

Watershed Development Programme is selected on the basis of thirteen parameter namely Poverty Index, Percentage of SC/ST, 

Actual wages, Percentage of small and marginal farmers, Ground water status, Moisture Index, Area under rain fed agriculture, Drinking 

water situation in the area, Percentage of degraded land, Productivity potential of land, Continuity of another watershed that has already 

developed/treated, Cluster Approach for hilly terrain. Based on these thirteen parameter a composite ranking has been given to the 

watershed project as given in Table no. 3. 

The total number of families under BPL is 72, which is less than 24 per cent of total households of the village. Hence a score of 5 is 

allotted. The percentage of schedule castes in the cluster villages are less than 20 per cent to the total population; hence a score of 3 is 

allotted. Rain fed agriculture forms the primary occupation of the village due to the fact that ground water is saline and hence unfit for 

usage. Less than 50 per cent of the farmers are small and marginal by nature and the actual wages earned by the labour is less than the 

minimum wages hence a composite rank of 5, 3 and. 5 are allotted respectively. 

Since the rainfall received is erratic and irregular, the moisture index is low and the area is classified under DDP block. Drinking 

water is problematic in the village as low percolation into soil. Majority of land is degraded due to uneven level of land low percolation 

ratio of water inside the soil The soil is very permeable and production of the land can be significantly enriched with the availability of 

timely irrigation. The 13 watersheds in the project cover a total area of 4239.30 Ha. Thus a cumulative score of 104.All the parameters 

were taken together to give a cumulative score of 104 to the watershed. 

Table no. 2: Weightage of the Project 

Project name Project 

Weightage 

type 

i ii iii iv V vi vii viii ix X xi xii Xiii 

IWMP-III Desert 5 3 5 3 3 15 15 5 10 10 10 15 5 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No.2.1 Criteria and weightage for selection of watershed 

S. 

No 

Criteria 

Maxi 

mum 

Ranges & scores 

score 

10 Above 80 % (10) 80 to 50 % (7.5) 50 to 20 % (5) Below 20 

% (2.5) 

i Poverty index (% of poor 

to population) 

ii % of SC/ ST population 10 More than 40 % (10) 20 to 40 % (5) Less than 20 % (3) 

iii Actual wages 5 Actual wages are 

Actual wages are 

significantly lower than equal to or higher 

minimum wages (5) than minimum wages 

(0) 

iv % of small and marginal 10 More than 80 % (10) 50 to 80 % (5) Less than 50 % (3) 

farmers 

v Ground water status 5 Over exploited (5) Critical (3) Sub critical (2) Safe (0) 

vi Moisture index/ 

DPAP/ DDP Block 

15 -66.7 & below (15) 

DDP Block 

-33.3 to -66.6 (10) 

DPAP Block 

0 to -33.2 (0) 

Non DPAP/ DDP Block 

vii Area under rain-fed 

agriculture 

15 More than 90 % (15) 80 to 90 % (10) 70 to 80% (5) Above 70 

% 

viii Drinking water 10 No source (10) Problematic village 

(7.5) 

ix Degraded land 15 High – above 20 % (15) Medium – 10 to 20 % 

(10) 

x Productivity potential of 

the land 

xi 

Contiguity to another 

watershed that has already 

15 Lands with low production 

& where productivity can be 

significantly enhanced with 

reasonable efforts (15) 

10 Contiguous to previously 

treated watershed & 

Lands with moderate 

production & where 

productivity can be 

enhanced with 

reasonable efforts (10) 

Contiguity within the 

microwatersheds in 

Partially covered (5) 

Low- less than 10 % of 

TGA (5) 

Lands with high 

production & where 

productivity can be 

marginally enhanced 

with reasonable efforts 

(5) 

Neither contiguous to 

previously treated 

(Reject) 

Fully 

covered 

(0) 


DWDU, Rajkot 

been developed/ treated 

xii Cluster approach in the 

plains (more than one 

contiguous microwatersheds 

in the project) 

xiii Cluster approach in the 

hills (more than one 

contiguous microwatersheds 

in the project) 

contiguity within the 

microwatersheds in the 

project (10) 

15 Above 6 micro-watersheds 

in cluster (15) 

15 Above 5 micro-watersheds 


the project but non 

contiguous to 

previously treated 

watershed (5) 

4 to 6 


cluster (10) 

3 to 5 


cluster (10) 

watershed nor 

contiguity within the 

microwatersheds in the 

project (0) 

2 to 4 microwatersheds 


2 to 3 microwatersheds 


Total 150 150 90 41 2.5 

Table no. 3: Watershed information 

Name of the project No. of watersheds 

Watershed code 

Watershed regime/type/order 

to be treated 

Kharachiya(Jam) 4 5G1B9c1e, 5G1B9c1d, 5G1B9c1f, 5G1B9c2a Milli watershed 

Panchavda 5 5G1B9d3a, 5G1B9d2b, 5G1B9d3c, 5G1B9c1e, 

Milli watershed 

5G1B9c1d 

Jangavad 4 5G1B9d3b, 5G1B9d3d, 5G1B9d3e, 5G1B9d3c Milli watershed 

Jasapar 6 5G1B9c1g, 5G1B9c1b, 5G1B9c1c, 5G1B9c1d, 

5G1B9d3a, 5G1B9d2b 

Milli watershed 


DWDU, Rajkot 

1.3 Other projects/scheme running in the project villages 

(1) MGNREGS: Pond deepening and widening of road works completed in Kharachiya Jam, desilting of percolation tank in 

Panchavda, construction of road and desilting of thee check dams with a cost of 7.6 lakh and in Jasapar desilting of percolation tank 

with cost of 2.10 lakha has been completed till date. 

(2) Prehariyali/ Hariyali watershed programme: Under the EAS and DDP project, total area of 2500 ha in total project area have 

been treated where all activities related to soil and water conservation measures have been taken care. Two solar street-lamps 

installed so far under DDP to promote non conventional source of energy in each village. 

(3) Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC): 360 individual toilets in the project villages and two public toilets in Kharachiya and Jangvad 

,has been constructed under TSC programme in the project area. All the remaining house hold will be covered under this scheme. 

(4) Indira Awas Yojana: Total 113 house has been constructed in the four villages (13 in Kharachiya Jam, 23 in Pachavda, 31 in 

Jangvad and 46 in Jasapar ) under IAY. 

(5) SAY: 6 nos of beneficiaries have been benefitted with a house under Sardar Awas yojana. 

(6) WASMO/Sector reform: In the project villages 75 % of the houses get water by tap connection under WASMO programme. 

(7) GGY: All the villagers have been benefitted under this programme where new rooms in school, cement concrete road in market, 

community hall and renovation of bus stop work has been taken. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.4: Developmental programmes running in the project area: 

Kharachiya Jam 

SI 

no 

Name of the 

programme/scheme 

Sponsoring 

agency 

Objectives of the 


Year of 

commencement 

Villages 

covered 

Estimated 

number of 

beneficiaries 

1 Sector reform/WASMO Govt of Gujarat Water tank, Havada Bore Well 

2001-02 1 238 

- Pipe-line 

2 MGNREGS CRD Employment 2009-10 1 650 

3 IAY CRD Housing 2003-04 1 13 

4 EAS Central Govt. Desert Area Development 1995-96 1 322 

5 GGY Govt. Of Gujarat 

Primary School Room Model - 

Sanitation 

2001-10 1 

6 TSC Govt of India Sanitation 2004-05 1 99 

All the 

villagers 

Panchvada 

SI 

no 



Sponsoring 

agency 




commencement 

Villages 

covered 

Estimated 


beneficiaries 

1 WASMO Govt of Gujarat Water tank-2, Pipe-line, Sump 2004-05 1 422 

2 MNNREGS CRD Employment 2009-10 1 360 


4 SAY Govt of Gujarat Housing 2006-07 1 1 

6 DDP-4,11 Central Govt. Desert Area Development 1999-2004 2 614 

7 GGY Govt. Of Gujarat School - Room 2003-04 1 

All the 

villagers 



DWDU, Rajkot 

Jangvad 

SI 

no 



Sponsoring 

agency 




commencement 

Villages 

covered 

Estimated 


beneficiaries 

1 WASMO Govt of Gujarat Water tank-2, Pipe-line, Sump 2004-05 1 568 

2 MGNREGS CRD Employment 2009/10 1 1289 


4 SAY Govt of Gujarat Housing 2009-10 1 4 

5 DDP-10 Central Govt. Desert Area Development 2004-2005 1 365 

6 

GGY Govt. Of Gujarat C.C. Road, Community Hall 2004-05 1 All villagers 


Jasapar 

SI 

no 

1 



WASMO 

Sponsoring 

agency 

Govt of Gujarat 




commencement 

Villages 

covered 

Estimated 


beneficiaries 

Pipe-line, Sump 2009-10 1 319 

2 NREGS CRD Employment 2009-10 1 470 


4 DDP-5 Central Govt. Desert Area Development 1999-2006 1 297 

Govt of Gujarat School-Room, CC Road, 

All the 

5 GGY 

2004-05 2 

Community Hall, Bus Stand 

villagers 



DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 5: Previous Watershed programme in the project area: 

SI 

n o 

Project 

name 

1 Pre- 

Haryal 

il 

(EAS) 

2 DDP- 

IV 

5 Pre- 

Hariyal 

i(DDP- 

V) 

Year 

started 

1995- 

1996 


villages 

Kharachi 

ya (Jam) 

1995-96 Panchavd 

a 

3 Hariyal 

i(DDP- 

XI) 

4 Hariyal 

i(DDP- 

X) 

2005- 

2006 

2004- 

2005 

1999- 

2000 

Panchavd 

a 

No. Of Watershed 

micro codes 

watersh 

ed 

4 5G1B9c1d 

5G1B9c1d 

5G1B9c1f(4) 

5G1B9c2a 

5 5G1B9d3a 

5G!B9d2d 

5G!B9c1d 

5G!B9c1e 

5G!B9d3c 

Area 

under 

treatm 

ent 

(ha) 

Funding 

source 

Nodal 

agency 

500 GOI DWD U 

Rajkot 

500 GOI DWD U 

Rajkot 

1 5G1B9c1c 500 Govt. DWD U 

Rajkot 

Jangavad 4 5G1B9d3b 

5G1B9d3c 

5G1B9d3d 

5G1B9d3e 

Jasapar 6 5G1B9c1g 

5G1B9c1b 

5G1B9c1c 

5G1B9c1d 

5G1B9d3a 

5G1B9d2b 

500 GOI DWD U 

Rajkot 

500 GOI DWD U 

Rajkot 

PIA 

Total 

cost 

Expenditure 

incurred up 

to start of 

IWMP 

% financial 

completion % physical 

completion 

Grisave 22.50 22.50 100 100 

Grisave 22.50 22.50 100 100 

Taluka 

panch. 

Taluka 

panch. 

30.00 30.00 100 100 

30.00 30.00 100 100 

Grisave 22.50 22.50 100 100 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 2 

PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY 


DWDU, Rajkot 

2.1 Project Implementing Agency 

The Project Implementing Agency (PIA) is being selected by an appropriate mechanism by State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA). PIAs 

would be responsible for implementation of watershed project. These PIAs may include relevant line departments, autonomous 

organizations under State/ Central Governments, Government Institutes/ Research bodies, Intermediate Panchayats, Voluntary 

Organizations (VOs).The PIA of IWMP-III watershed Project is District watershed development Unit, Rajkot. 

2.2 About District Watershed Development Unit, Rajkot. 

2.2.1 The organization and its objectives: 

The District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU), Rajkot is a district level nodal agency and was established on 12th June 2008 under 

constitution of Para 30 of new guideline, to oversee for the smooth implementation of watershed projects in the district. The District 

Development Officer (DDO) is the chairman of the DWDU. The DWDU have dedicated and experience staffs comprising one Project 

Manager (deputation from Gujarat Forest Department), a technical expert (on contract basis) and multidisciplinary team of civil engineer, 

agriculture expert, community mobilization expert and computer operator. The remaining staff i.e. MIS coordinator, system analyst, 

Livestock specialist will be recruited very soon. The DWDU Rajkot has its own rented office near Junction plot 5, Prakash Niketan. 

The functions of DWDU: 

a) Take up the over all responsibility of facilitating preparation of strategic and annual action plans for watershed development projects in 

the district. 

b) Providing professional and technical support to Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in planning and execution of watershed 

development projects. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

c) Develop action plans for capacity building with close involvement of resource organizations to execute the capacity building action 

plans. 

d) Carry out regular monitoring, evaluation and learning. 

e) Ensure smooth flow of funds to watershed development projects. 

f) Ensure timely submission of required documents to SLNA/Nodel Agency of the Department at central level. 

g) Facilitate and co-ordination with relevant programmes of agriculture, horticulture, rural development, animal husbandry, etc with 

watershed development and convergence plans for enhancement of productivity and livelihoods interventions for asset less persons. 

h) Integrate and co-ordinate watershed development projects/plans into district plans of the district planning committees. 

i) Establish and maintain the District Level Date Cell and link it to the State Level and National Level Data Centre. 

Moreover, the DWDU, Rajkot is working as a PIA for three IWMP projects. 

2.2.2 Programmes/projects running in the district 

At present nine IWMP projects have been sanctioned by Government of India for the Rajkot district. The entry point activities of all the 

nine IWMP projects have identified by the respective PIAs in the district. Rajkot Normal Forest Division as PIA for the four projects 

(IWMP-IV, V, VII & VIII), Rajkot Social Forest division as PIA for two (IWMP-I & VI) projects and DWDU-self is as PIA for the three 

projects (IWMP-II, III & IX). 

Apart from running nine IWMP projects, total 748 pre-Hariyali & Hariyali projects (DDP & IWDP) has been sanctioned and out of that 

348 projects are completed and 400 projects are still running in the district. DWDU Rajkot is also monitoring a central government 

sponsored scheme on "Artificial Recharge of Groundwater through Dug wells" in the district which is spread over nine talukas. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

2.3 SWOT Analysis of the DWDU 

Strength: 

(1) Dedicated and experience staffs and multidisciplinary team 

(2) Independent District Level Nodal Agency. 

(3) Strong linkages with national and state level institutions, agricultural universities, Sourastra University, KVK and NGOs for capacity 

building and technical guidance 

(4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of BISAG, Gandhinagar 

(5) District level monitoring, coordination Committee 

(6) Well establishment of PRIs for social audits for transparency and accountability. 

Weakness: 

(1) Insufficient funds to complete watershed projects per hectare. 

(2) Permanent staff is less in numbers. 

(3) No permanent office building. 

Opportunities: 

(1) Sustainable livelihood generation for landless and asset less persons. 

(2) Improvement of socio-economic status of poor. 

(3) Awareness generation among the beneficiaries through information, education and communication activities. 

(4) Reduction in migration rate. 

(5) Usage of new technologies of watershed modeling and GPS for monitoring of watershed activities. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Threats: 

(1) Shallow soil depth that make difficult for horticultural plants in fields. 

(2) Lack of sustainable agricultural development package. 

(3) Lack of voluntary contribution and cooperation from local peoples. 

(4) One of the foreseen challenges was "to overcome vested interests (including party politics, village factions) at village level and to reach 

out to the poorest in the watersheds" 

Table no. 6: PIA: 

SI. No. Name of project Details of PIA 

Type of organization 

District Level Nodal Agency 

1 IWMP-III 

Name of Organisation 

DWDU, Rajkot 

Designation and Address 

Project Manager.DWDU, Rajkot 

Telephone 0281-2454682 

Fax 0281-2453684 

E-mail 

rajdwdu@gmail.com 

Table no. 7: Staff at PIA level: 

SI Name Age Sex Designation Qualification Experience Job assigned Monthly 

no 

remuneration 

1 Mr. B.M RABARI 55 M Project Manager GFS 28 Project 

Management 

50000 

2 Mr. S.PRDAHAN 26 M Technical expert M.Tech.(SWCE) 3 Monitoring 25000 

3 Mr. D.R PARMAR 34 M MDT (Engg.) Diploma(Civil) 9 Engineering works 14000 

4 Mr. A.H. JOSHI 29 M MDT(Agri.) B.Tech (Ag.Engg) 4.5 Agriculture 12000 

5 Mrs. S.M PATEL 32 F MDT( CO) MSW 4.5 Community 12000 

6 Mr.V KANZARIYA 26 M MDT(Accountant) M.Com 2.5 Accounts 8000 

7 Mr. C.K. METALIYA 45 M WDT (Engg.) Diploma(Civil) 5 Engineering works 10000 

8 Mr. C.D KUKADIYA 26 M WDT (Agri.) B.R.S, B. Ed 1.5 Agriculture 8000 

9 Ms. RATHOD VANITA 21 F WDT (CO) B.R.S 2.2 Community 8000 

10 Mr A.B.KARELIYA 23 M Surveyor I.T.I (Surveyor) 2 Surveying 6000 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 3 

Basic Information of Project Area 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3.1. Geography and Geo-hydrology 

3.1.1 Land use pattern: 

The net geographical area of cluster watershed is about 6739.30 ha out of which 0.23% is forest area, which is about 15.90 ha. About 

6739.30 ha or 89 % of land is under agriculture out of which 5391.44 ha is rain fed, mainly a Kharif crop is taken. About 8.74 percent of 

land is cultivable wasteland and 1.6 percent is non cultivable wasteland. The wasteland consists of ubiquitous babul and shrubs. 

Table no. 8: Land use pattern: 

S. No. 

Names of 

villages 

Geographical 

Area of the village 

(ha) 

Forest Area 

(ha) 

Land under 

agricultural use 

Rainfed 

area 

(ha) 

Permanent 

Pastures 

Wasteland 

Cultivable Non-cultivable 

1 Kharachiya(Jam) 1036.40 0 869.30 829.12 21 128.30 17.80 

2 Panchavda 2090.10 0 1864.90 1672.08 65 90.50 69.70 

3 Jangavad 1988.20 0 1923.90 1590.56 27 33.90 3.40 

4 Jasapar 1624.60 15.90 1370.50 1299.68 46 177.40 14.80 

5 Total 6739.30 15.90 6028.60 5391.44 159 430.10 105.70 

3.1.2 Soil and topography 

Nearly 84 % of the geographical are is comprised of shallow to medium deep black cotton soils having depth upto 0.6-0.75 mt top soil. 

Rest 16 % is either sandy loam or moorum soil. The soil is slightly reddish to very brown in surface colour. By large soils are well 

drained with moderate water holding capacity. From sustainable development perspectives, what is alarming the steady decline in the 

soil quality due to sheet erosion. There has a considerable reduction in the application of farm yard manure resulting in reduced in moisture 

retention capacity and porosity in the soils. Generally the organic carbon content too is very low. Lack of water conservation measures at 

the field and at the community level has led to the acceleration of environmental degradation. The increasing dependency on external input 


DWDU, Rajkot 

has increased the vulnerability of agriculture such that even small stresses and fluctuations in the environment lead to instability and 

threatens farming livelihoods. The topography of the area is moderate ranging from 0-10 % slope. 

Table no. 9: Soil type and topography 

S. No. Name of the Agro-climatic Area in ha Name of village Major soil types Topography 

a)Type b] Area in ha 

North Saurashtra 

1036.40 Kharachiya (Jam) Black cotton and 

1 

red murrom 

2 2090.10 Panchavda Black cotton, red 

murrom and sandy 

clayloam 

3 1988.20 Jangavad Black cotton and 

red murrom, 

997.60 Flat to moderate 

slope 


slope 

1890 Flat to moderate 

slope 

4 

1624.60 Jasapar Black cotton and 

sandy loam, sandy 

clay loam 


slope 

Table no. 10: Flood and drought condition 

SI no Village Flood (Incidence) Drought (Incidence) 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) Nil Once in 3 Years 

2 Panchavda Once in 2 years Once in 4 Years 

3 Jangavad Once in 3 years Once in 3 Years 

4 Jasapar Once in 1 years Once in 4 Years 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 11: Soil Erosion 

Cause Type of erosion Area affected (ha) Run off (mm/ year] Average soil loss (Tonnes/ 

ha/ year) 

Water erosion 

A Sheet 3697.87 1848.94 

B Rill 1680.85 475 588.29 

C Gully 1344.68 201.70 

D Ravenous - - 

Sub-Total 6723.40 2638.94 

Wind erosion - - 

Total 13446.80 5277.87 

Table no. 11.1: Soil Salinity/Alkalinity (Salinity ingress) 

Name of the Village Survey Number Soil pH 

Type of Salinity 

(Inherent/Ingress) 

Kharachiya (Jam) Around 1.5 % of land 7.5 Ingress 

Panchavda Around 1 % of land 7.5 Ingress 

Jangavad Around 1 % of land 7.6 Ingress 

Jasapar Around 2 % of land 7.4 Ingress 

Table: 12. Climatic Conditions (Last six years annual rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature of Jasdan taluka ) 

SI. No. Year Rainfall (in mm) 

Temperature (°C) 

Max. 

Min. 

1 

2 

2004 

2005 

403 

624 

44. 

43 

8 

7 

3 

4 

2006 

2007 

896 

900 

45 

44 

6.5 

7.5 

5 2008 698 43 7.5 

6 2009 354 46 6 


DWDU, Rajkot 

The project area is completely dependent on rainfall. The rainfall is scanty which has resulted in recurrent phenomenon of drought two to 

three years. The average rainfall of this area is about 750 mm. The area faces continual crop failure that comes on whenever there is a 

shortfall in the total quantum of rain. However, even more serious are the gaps in rain even in years when the total rainfall is considered 

normal. These gaps at crucial periods in the crop growth cycle can prove fatal for the crop. However, through careful water harvesting, insitu 

moisture conservation and a drought-proofing strategy of dryland agriculture, these gaps can easily be plugged and the crops saved. 

3.1.3 Slope 

The slope of the watershed was calculated based on topographic elevation (contours and spot height) from satellite maps and provided by 

BISAG, Gandhinagar. These maps will help in recommendation/implementation of suitable land management practices in association of 

other thematic information. 

Table no. 13: Physiography and relief 

Project name Elevation Slope range (%) Major streams 

Kharachiya (Jam) 0-15 meters 0-10% Dudhalo,Baval wali, Baldoki wokla, 

Padardi,Khari and Dadwa wali,Virnagari 

Panchavda 0-10 meters 0-12% Bhadar, Geldi, Hadio, Budhan pari, 

Dudhalo, Kharachiya wokla,Bhad 

Jangavad 0-12 meters 0-15% Wanki wokli, Sidhpari, Bhadar, Kanpari 

Melan, Dhar wali, Bhad 

Jasapar 0-10 meters 0-10% Dudalo, Bhadar, Motu talab, Khari, Dhar 

Karanuki ,Kharo, Dadwa road, Malwa 

and Nihalio 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3.2 Land and Agriculture 

The average land holding is about 6.9 ha. The total net sown area is 5224.24 ha where in more than 223.24 ha, 2 times farming is done in 

the watershed villages. The main crops under agriculture are cotton, groundnut, wheat, cumin, maize and fodder grass. Some of the farmers 

take up rainfed castor if the rains are good. Now a days farmers has started growing vegetables on small patches of lands in Jangvad 

(Rabi) season for which water is fetched either from thecheckdams.. 

The land conservation measures such as earthen bunds and farm bunds in the area will help them to take up a rabi crop of gram or cumin in 

the residual moisture. Since last 3-4 yrs Bt. cotton farming taking place at a higher rate. 

Table no. 14: Land ownership details 

Sl 

Total owned land 

HHs giving HHs taking 

Village 

no 

Gen OBC SC ST land on lease land on lease 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 290 7 3 0 0 0 

2 Panchavda 288 20 10 0 0 0 

3 Jangavad 314 52 2 0 0 0 

4 Jasapar 270 26 6 0 0 0 

Total 1162 105 21 0 0 0 

Table no. 15: Agriculture 

Sl no Village Net sown area (ha) 

One time Two times Three times 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 829.08 36.04 7.84 

2 Panchavda 1603.34 69.96 19.60 

3 Jangavad 1516.36 74.20 15.35 

4 Jasapar 1275.76 43.04 13.80 

Total 5224.54 223.24 56.59 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3.2.1 Irrigation 

The irrigated area is 538 ha, which is 17 % of the total agricultural area of the village. Main source of irrigation is from previously 

constructed pond, check dams ponds or wells/tubes. A few farmers of Panchvada get irrigation to their field by check dams and from 

earthen dams which were previously constructed by different departments. Some farmers of Panchavda and Jasapar get water for irrigation 

from the main dugout pond cum earthen dam, which is situated on the north side of the village. 

Table no. 16: Irrigation 

SI Village 

Source 1 : Canal Source 2 : Pond/Earthen dam Source 3 : Check dam 

no 

Availability Net area Gross area Availability Net area Gross area Availability Net area Gross area 

months 

months (Ha) (Ha) months (Ha) (Ha) 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) - - - 5 160 185 3 84 97 

2 Panchavda - - - 6 168 190 4 230 250 

3 Jangavad - - - 5.5 75 90 3 125 140 

4 Jasapar - - - 6 135 150 4 120 135 

3 Total - - - 538 615 559 622 

Crop details and Productivity: The productivity is low not because that the land is unproductive or the farmer's lack the skills to 

managing their crop but it is due lack of source of irrigation, salty water and scarcity of rain. 

The cluster villages come under draught prone zone. So farmers grow crop according to the rainfall. If they get good rainfall they 

generally grow high value crops as discussed above. In case of low rainfall they go for cotton, castor, pearl millet. So we can say that monsoon 

decides cropping patterns of the project villages. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 17: Crop details 

Sl 

no 

Village 

Kharif (Monsoon) 

Crop 1 Cotton Kg/Ha Crop 2 Groundnut Crop 3 Fodder Kg/Ha 

Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity 

1 

Kharachiya 

(Jam) 

521.08 776335 1489.91 288 323536 1123.39 20 18580 929.01 

2 Panchavda 892.32 1274130 1427.88 668.30 738965 1105.73 42.72 39750 930.47 

3 Jangavad 902.68 1264675 1401.02 599.84 766970 1278.62 13.84 12880 930.63 

4 Jasapar 748.32 1008430 1347.59 496.80 621100 1250.20 30.64 28500 930.15 

Sl 

no 

Village 

Rabi (Winter) 

Crop 1 Wheat Crop 2 Jiru Q/Ha Crop 3 Chana 

Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity 

1 

Kharachiya 

(Jam) 

18.99 41880 2205.37 7.85 7850 1000 9.20 11310 1229.34 

2 Panchavda 47.20 104310 2209.95 22.06 22355 982.20 0.70 860 1228.57 

3 Jangavad 44.30 97550 2202.03 28.30 27735 980.03 1.60 2500 1562.50 

4 Jasapar 34.06 60465 1775.24 7.68 14510 1889.32 1.30 1850 1423.07 

Reasons of Low productivity of various crops 

Over a period of time by continuous usage of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides, there is deterioration in the quality of soil 

particularly reduction of carbon content and increase of salinity. One of the reasons ascribed to low response of bio-fertilizers in dry 

lands is their low status of soil organic matter. Rejuvenation of soil characteristics is an important area to tackle, with specific emphasis 

on recovery of its nutritional value. More thrust need to be given on adopting methods such as multi-cropping, rotation of crops and 

organic farming. Organic farming, nutrient management continues to be a focal issue in dry lands as the fertilizer use is not likely to 

pick up significantly unless water supply is assured. Soil fertility in dry lands can be sustained only through maintenance of organic 

matter and achieving better fertilizer-use efficiency through integration of moisture-conservation practices along with soil-fertility 


DWDU, Rajkot 

management. 

Quality of Seeds: Good quality seed, fertilizer and pesticide are important factor in agriculture productivity. The use of good quality leads to 

higher land productivity. In project villages, however, there are two limitations in the use of fertilizer. First these fertilizers are most 

useful in irrigated condition. The agricultural land of the cluster villages however totally depend on rainfall. In villages mostly farmers 

use nitrogenous fertilizers especially urea. This has resulted in disproportionate use of fertilizer depleting the quality of land. 

Traditional farming methods: This is the factor that leads low productivity. There is lot of ignorance about the use of new farming 

methods and technologies such as multiple cropping. 

Erratic/Low rainfall: The Villagers mainly depend on monsoon. Without monsoon they cannot get any crop because irrigation water is salty 

 

.Water is essential input in agriculture. Due to the absence of proper irrigation facility, 100% of the total cultivated area depends on the uncertain 

monsoon. Therefore the success or failure of the monsoon determines the success or failure of agriculture production. The rains, as a 

source of irrigation, are unreliable due to two factors; 

Untimely Rainfall: The rains are sometimes received when the crops are ready for harvesting. The ready crop may be ruined due to 

untimely rain. 

Inadequate Rainfall: The dependence on the uncertain rainfall is a factor that contributes to low productivity of land. 

Lack of Rural Credit: Farmers face so many problems for rural credit and it leads to low agricultural productivity. Farmers need credit 

mainly for the purchase of various inputs such as seed, fertilizers, and pesticides and for repair of implements. They use long term 

credit for buying land, and for investment to improve the quality of land, buying the new implements and improving irrigation facilities. 

3.3 Livestock 

The cluster villages have total of 1162 cows and 1372 number of buffaloes out of which majority are of local breed, there are 1645 

bullock, 375 goats 459 sheep and 1160 animals in others category. Due saline water at a shallow depth and surface water has reduced 

the fodder and pasture area for their animals. This leads to heavy migration to other parts of the state with their herds of goats and sheep. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 18: Livestock 

SI Village Buffalo Cow Total Milk Goat 

no 

(Buffalo+Cow 

Sheep Bullock Hen Others 

No Milk No Milk No Milk 

1 Kharachiya 276 12705 267 10395 23100 82 40 65 328 - 281 

2 Panchavda 411 25863 267 10745 36608 96 45 81 503 12 260 

3 Jangavad 355 23536 241 9650 33186 93 43 174 410 8 262 

4 Jasapar 330 24789 407 13402 38191 104 49 139 404 5 357 

Total 1372 86963 1162 44192 131085 375 177 459 1645 25 1160 

Table no. 19: Drinking water 

SI no Village Ground water table (mt) Source of drinking water Availability in months Quality 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 13.00mt. SSNL Pipe connection 12 (once in 3 Days) Good 

2 Panchavda 12.50 mt SSNL Pipe connection 12 (once in 3 Days) Good 

3 Jangavad 13.50 mt SSNL Pipe connection 12 (once in 3 Days) Good 

4 Jasapar 12.00 mt SSNL Pipe connection 12 (once in 3 Days) Good 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 20: Details of Common Property Resources 

Total Area (ha) 

Names 

Area owned/ In possession of 

S. 

CPR 

of 

Govt. 

Any other 

No. 

Particulars 

project 

Pvt. persons (specify PRI (Pl. 

1 

IWMP- 

III 

Pvt. 

persons 

Area available for treatment (ha) 

Govt. 

(specify 

deptt.) 

deptt.) 

Specify) 

Wasteland/ degraded land 430.1 105.7 125 30 

Pastures 159 19 

Orchards 4 45 1 5 

Forest 15.90 4.5 

Village Ponds 2 19 

Check dams 95 

Canal - 

Community Buildings 6 4 

Weekly Markets 

Permanent markets - 

Temples/ Places of 

worship 

3.5 Socio-Economic Profile 

22 

PRI 

Any other 

(Pl. 

Specify) 

3.5.1 Demographic Status: Cluster villages have total family of 1967 numbers. There are 10885 persons in the project villages (From the 

door to door survey report), out of which 5594 male and 5271 female members. The sex ratio is 942 females to 1000 males. The average 

family size is 5.6 percent. Four major caste systems prevail in the village namely: Patel, Darbar, Rabari and Harijans. Around 9.5 % of the 

population of the cluster villges belong to SC families. Majority of population is involved in agriculture and animal husbandry. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 21: Demographic information 

SI no Village Population SC ST 

Total Male Female Total Male Female % Total Male Female % 

1 Kharachiya 2199 1146 1053 134 69 65 6 0 - - - 

2 Panchavda 2689 1361 1328 303 157 146 11 0 - - - 

3 Jangavad 3378 1752 1626 174 89 85 5 0 

4 Jasapar 2619 1335 1264 426 224 202 8 0 - - - 

5 Total 10885 5594 5271 1037 539 498 7 0 - - - 

Table no. 22: Literacy rate 

SI no Village 

Literacy 

Literacy % above Literacy % 

Total % Male % Female % age 14 

below age 14 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 1568 71.31 871 39 697 31 55 16 

2 Panchavda 1932 71 1076 40 856 32 54.48 17.37 

3 Jangavad 2340 69.27 1316 38 1024 30 53.08 16.19 

4 Jasapar 1898 72.47 1044 39 854 33 53.07 19.40 

5 Total 7738 71 4307 39 3431 31.5 54 17 

3.5.2 Migration Pattern: The declining yield and product, steady erosion of soil fertility and diminishing returns to the farmers and 

almost zero investment on land development has set in motion a dynamic problem of degradation. Many small and marginal seek 

alternate livelihood means and work as wage labour in nearby areas. Low rainfall results in very little fodder availability in the locality. 

On account of agriculture and animal husbandry providing only part time employment for some part of the year, the people migrate for 

a better half of the year for wage labour. Migrate to nearby cities like Morbi, Maliya miyana and parts of Suarashtra as daily wages 

agricultural labours and factory workers. Lack of fodder availability and grazing land for smaller ruminant also forces these farmers to 

migrate to other places. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 23: Migration details 

SI no Village Total Migration 

Migration by months 

population Total Male Female Up to 3 3-6 months More than 6 

months 

months 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 2199 128 94 34 - 128 - 

2 Panchavda 2689 162 112 50 - 162 - 

3 Jangavad 3378 214 154 60 - 214 - 

4 Jasapar 2619 156 98 58 - 156 - 

Total 10885 660 458 202 - 660 - 

Main reason 

for migration 

Discussed 

above 

Income during 

migration / 

month 

Rs 4500 /month 

Table no. 24: Poverty 

SI no Village Total Household 

BPL 

%of BPLHH Total Land less HH % of land less HH 

0-16 16-20 Total 

1 Kharachiya 404 14 107 121 29 104 25 

2 Panchavda 472 43 68 111 23 154 32 

3 Jangavad 599 11 92 103 17 231 38 

4 Jasapar 492 21 123 144 29 190 38 

Total 1967 89 390 479 24 679 33 

3.5.3 Infrastructure facilities 

All watershed villages are well connected with Jasdan taluka with pucca roads. Each village has electricity connectivity under Jyotigram 

Yojana of the State Government. Nearly 90 per cent of households in the villages have their personal electric meters. The villages have 

primary school with all facilities like two personal computers. For middle and higher secondary education, the students have to go to 

Jasapar and Atkot village which is about 5 kilometres away from Kharachiya, Jangvad and Panchavda. The villagers depend upon Atkot 

primary health centre for health problems. Each village comes under their individual Gram Panchayat with Panchayat office at their own 

village. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 25: Village infrastructure 

SI Village Pucca Schools 

Colleges Post Office Banks 

no 

road to LP UP HS (Number) (Distance) (Number) Distance Milk Milk Other Any other 

from collection cooperative cooperatives institution 

the 

nearest centre (Number) /CBIs 

village 

(Y/N) 

market 

yard 

(Number) 

(Number) 

1 Kharachiya Y Y N N N 0.5KM 5 KM 13 km 1 1 0 N 

2 Panchavda Y Y Y N N 0.25 KM 5 KM 13 km 2 2 1 N 

3 Jangavad Y Y Y N N 0.25 KM 4 KM 12 km 3 1 1 N 

4 Jasapar Y Y Y Y N 0.25 KM 4 KM 18 km 2 1 1 Y 

Table no. 26: Facilities / HH assets 

SI 

no 

Village 

HHs with 

electricity 

HHs with 

safety 

latrines 

HHs with phones HHs with vehicle 

Landline Mobile 2 -wheeler 4- wheeler 

HHs with 

TV set 

HHs with HHs with 

cooking gas Drinking 

water 

1 Kharachiya 394 67 18 494 274 9 259 76 375 180 

2 Panchavda 472 53 32 442 259 17 260 98 469 170 

3 Jangavad 564 136 51 701 368 17 351 86 438 242 

4 Jasapar 473 152 32 499 274 9 259 67 319 198 

Total 1903 408 133 2136 1175 43 1129 327 1601 790 

HHs with 

freedge 

3.5.4 Livelihood pattern: The villagers earn their livelihood from animal husbandry and agriculture, and during lean seasons they go as 

daily wage labourers in thresher industries, diamond polishing and in handicraft unit at Jasdan taluka. Another major occupation of the 

people is business and service and working in ginning & oil mills and diamond polishing industries. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 27: Per capita Income 

SI no Village Agriculture Animal husbandry Casual labour Others(Services Total 

& Business) 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 39703161 463800 2150000 3285450 45602411 

2 Panchavda 55713917 1411180 2814500 3109500 63049097 

3 Jangavad 53849232 676230 5150200 2053800 61729462 

4 Jasapar 16507103 2112000 2713000 2273000 23605103 

Total 165773413 4663210 12827700 10721750 193986073 

Table no.28: Dependence on Forest/CPR 

Benefit type 

Benefit type 1 Benefit type 2 

Sl no Village 

2 

% sells Income % sells Income % sells Income 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) NA 

2 Panchavda NA 

3 Jangavad NA 

4 Jasapar NA 

Total 

income 

Table no. 29: Livelihood pattern (Occupational distribution) 

Animal 

Sl 

Total 

Village 

Agriculture husbandry 

no 

workforce 

(AH) 

Kharachiya 

1 

(Jam) 

Agriculture 

+ AH 

Agriculture/ 

Casual 

labour 

Services 

Handicraft/ 

Business 

404 267 10 34 28 4 28 33 

2 Panchavda 472 280 13 38 5 7 40 89 

3 Jangavad 599 337 3 33 21 11 91 103 

4 Jasapar 492 271 12 31 31 5 48 94 

Total 1967 1155 38 136 85 27 207 319 

Others 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 4 

WATERSHED ACTIVITIES 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Watershed Activities 

Watershed management as a strategy has been adopted by Government of India especially in the rainfed regions of semi-arid 

tropics. These regions are characterized by low and undepependable rain, low soil fertility, poor infrastructure development, comparatively 

low literacy and medium incidence of migration. The inheritant low fertility of crops results in lower productivity of crops which have a very 

low biological efficiency. 

Several studies have identified that there is a dire need of a systematic and scientific approach to deal with watershed development. The 

common guidelines generate a fresh and flexible framework for the next generation watershed development. 

4.1. Scientific Planning: 

i) Cluster Approach 

This envisages a broader vision of Geo-hydrological unit which involves treating a cluster of micro-watershed. The project consists of 

thirteen micro-watersheds namely 5G1B9c1e, 5G1B9c1d, 5G1B9c1f, 5G1B9c2a, 5G1B9d3a, 5G1B9d2b, 5G1B9d3c, 5G1B9d3b, 

5G1B9d3d, 5G1B9d3e, 5G1B9c1g, 5G1B9c1b, 5G1B9c1c as their respective codes. 

ii) Base line Survey 

a) Door to Door Survey 

The primary data was generated through questionnaire surveys in all the villages. The questionnaire was structured so as to derive the 

information related to the objectives set forth. Mostly talked to 

• Head of the families 

• Mostly females (between 65% and 70%) 

• Mostly younger adults (Age group : 25 – 44) 


DWDU, Rajkot 

• High School education 

• Sarpanch and Talati of respective Gram Panchayats. 

• Farmers, Agricultural labours, Diamond polishing workers, handicraft unit workers,electric drum making units and workers of 

thresher units. 

• Cattle Breeders 

• Landless labour 

The questionnaire was divided into nine modules through which information is extracted pertaining to 

1. Village details 

2. Population details 

3. Water supply details 

4. Water source details 

5. Questions about community engagement 

6. Questions about Livelihood 

7. Awareness about Specific programme: Watershed 

8. Desire to do more activities related to occupation 

9. Productivity of farms 

The secondary data was obtained through Census reports (2001). Data pertaining to social profile is also collected through Census reports. 

Secondary data related to different kinds of capital assets were collected from different departments of Government agencies such as 

Revenue Office, Primary Health Center, District Rural development Agency initiative-SGSY Programme office, working on poverty 

alleviation, Village Panchyat, other NGOs and development societies etc. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

b) Field to field Survey: Field to field survey was also carried out in the farms, community land, pasture land and land under Gram 

Panchayat. It also includes the soil profiles, no of wells in the area, crop taken in the field, cropping pattern, fertilizer used and various 

sources of irrigation in the field. The details of agriculture as well as pasture lands of the village where the existing condition and structures 

to be proposed, were written down. Almost all the farmers of the village were there to support the survey team. The purpose of the survey 

was also to understand water availability, patterns of water use and peoples’ understanding & perceptions about both surface and 

groundwater resources in this area. Village agreements will be done on the basis of such detailed work. This also survey looked at the 

pattern of surface and groundwater use and the basic understanding of farmers regarding groundwater recharge and discharge. This 

understanding was expected to help in improved planning for any watershed programme and to develop longer-term protocols of 

groundwater management in respective areas. 

c) Demand survey: To know about the livelihood pattern of the village and the present status and practice capacities required are 

discussed. Quantitative involved also on possible micro enterprise development for sustainable development of village extensively for 

SC/ST and landless/migrated poor people. 

iii) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) 

In order to understand the social, economic and political aspect of all the villages of the cluster, we conducted Participatory Rural 

Appraisal (PRA) exercise with the help of the villagers on 11 th February 2010 in Panchavda, 18 th August in Kharachiya, 23 rd in both 

Jasapar and Jangvad . It was really a useful tool to appreciate the village in its totality. We had the opportunity to interact with more than 

600 numbers of people in Panchavda village. To reach a concrete conclusion we requested a few villagers for focussed discussion and it 

was entertained. As per their convenience we conducted focussed group discussion at the Community hall and Panchayat Bhavan ground. 

In majority of the discussion, we listened to them carefully and tried to appreciate the discussion. Output generated through these exercise 

is placed below. 

(i) Resource Map: - Through resource map we came to know about all the residential pattern of village, community pasture land, farm 

areas, about the river etc. It also gave us a fair idea about the pasture land, other land distribution pattern and different resources of the 

village. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

(ii) Social Map: - After this exercise we came to know the approximate location of different institution of the village. During this 

exercise we also had informal discussions with the participants about the importance of these institutions. Important location pointed out 

during this exercise was Community Centre, Panchayat Bhavan, temple, Primary School etc. We cross checked all the location. 

(iii) Seasonal Diagram:- With this exercise we came to know about the major engagements of villagers across the twelve months of 

the year. We found that rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry keep them busy at least for seven to eight months of the year. About 

drinking water they informed that, situation in the month of March to June is really difficult as they get water once in three days. 

(iv) Tree matrix:- We came to know about different trees of the villages and their respective utilities as fruit, fuel, fodder, medicine , 

timber etc. Major trees pointed out by villagers under this exercise were Pipal, Neem, Bor, Lemon, Banyan and Pipara etc. Taking into 

consideration all the utilities it was found that the tree having maximum utility is Chiku and lemon. 

(v) Crop Pattern:- Agriculture is the primary source of liveihood for more than 70% household . After this exercise we came to know 

that there are two major cropping pattern Kharif and partially in Rabbi. Under Kharif cotton,ground nut and fodder crops and in rabi, major 

crops grown are wheat, cumin, gram and vegetables. 

(vi) Income-Expenditure Pot: - Under this exercise we came to know about the different sources of income of villagers and how the 

money earned by the villagers is being spent under different heads. It was found that major source of earning among villagers are farming, 

dairy, service etc. Major expenditure component were food, fuel, fodder, schooling of children, medicines, festivals, relatives, and paan etc. 

One focussed group discussion was organised to understand the status of different Self help Group operating in the village. This 

discussion concentrated around the activities of SHG, terms and conditions of membership, working pattern of different SHG and their role 

in the development of society etc 

Another curiosity in our mind was about the political institution of the village. Apart from different institution discussion was 

concentrated about gram panchayat issue. Here the major discussion point was participation of women and deprived section of the society 

in the decision making process, their representation in the panchayat. How the panchayat facilitates the process of development and 

poverty alleviation. In this process its relation with different institution of village like dispensary, Aanganwari Kendra, Primary School and 


DWDU, Rajkot 

High school was also discussed. 

The whole purpose was to identify the employment opportunities available during the different seasons in a year, income, expenditure, 

crisis management, daily activities and time allotted to each activity, the leisure time of men and women, and market network for 

agricultural produce etc. In the gender analysis, an attempt was made to find out the gendered division of labour, the status of women in 

relation to the right to use, to own and sell different household properties, the means of production of the household, and the role and 

participation of women in decision-making at intra household and community levels. 

To identify different problems faced by villagers a separate focussed discussion was carried out. The villagers were grouped in to different 

types as shown below to know all the details of the village in a stipulated time. 

• Small and marginal farmers 

• Large farmers 

• Landless farmers 

• Women 

• Gram Panchayat members 

• Cattle grazing population 

• Business man and women 

Problems Identification 

After analysis the information collected during PRA exercise, the main problems identified as 

• Poor fertility of soil and low agricultural productivity 

• Soil Erosion from farm land 


DWDU, Rajkot 

• Improper Crop Rotation 

• Less use of bio-fertilizers 

• Almost negligible cultivation of arid fruits 

• Less cultivation of vegetables 

• Low milk production and rearing of non descript breeds 

• No use of vermi compost 

• Lack of value addition practices 

• Drinking Water 

• Less availability of fodder 

• Market (No nearby) 

• Migration 

• Sanitation Problems 

• Less Nutritional Level 

• Malnutrition in few farm families 

iv) Use of GIS and Remote sensing for planning 

Remote sensing and GIS plays an important role in the study of natural resources and helps in planning water resources development. One 

of the greatest advantages of using remote sensing data for hydrological investigations and monitoring is its ability to generate information 

in spatial and temporal domain, which is very crucial for successful analysis, prediction and validation Use of various high science tools has 


DWDU, Rajkot 

been promoted at various stages of watershed development. 

a) Prioritization 

Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used for prioritization process. Various layer maps were created like Geomorphological, 

Soil, BPL Population, SC/ST population, Ground water Status, Drinking water situation and slope percent. These were all 

given proper weightage according to the DoLR specification. This helped in prioritization of various watershed areas. 

b) Planning 

A action plan matrix has been formulated by State Level Nodal Agency(SLNA) taking into account various features like the slope percent, 

soil Depth, Soil Texture, Soil erosion in the area for wasteland, forest land and agricultural land. 

Global positioning System (GPS) was used to identify each and every water conservation structures available in the project area. This will 

be used to create a map. Contour Map of vertical interval of 1 meter at a scale of 1:8000 was used for identifying various location specific for 

soil and water conservation structures. 

c) Hydrological modelling 

Hydrology modelling technique has been used for locating drainage, stream length, flow direction, sink, and flow accumulation. This 

model overlaid over cadastral map hel to calculate the catchment area of each structures like the check dam with the help of contour map 

provided by BISAG and physical survey on site. This has helped to remove the human error which generally occurring while calculating the 

catchment area of a check dam. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 30: Details of Scientific Planning and Inputs in IWMP projects 

S. 

No. 

Scientific criteria/ inputs used 

Whether scientific criteria was 

used 

(A) Planning 

Cluster approach 

Yes 

Whether technical back-stopping for the project has been arranged? If yes, mention the name of 

the Institute 

Yes 

Baseline survey 

Yes 

Hydro-geological survey 

Yes 

Contour mapping 

Yes 

Participatory Net Planning (PNP) 

Yes 

Remote sensing data-especially soil/ crop/ run-off cover 

Yes 

Ridge to Valley treatment 

Yes 

Online IT connectivity between 

Yes 

(1) Project and DRDA cell/ZP Yes 

(2) DRDA and SLNA Yes 

(3) SLNA and DoLR Yes 

Availability of GIS layers 

Yes 

1. Cadastral map Yes 

2. Village boundaries Yes 

3. Drainage Yes 

4. Soil (Soil nutrient status) Yes 

5. Land use Yes 

6. Ground water status Yes 

7. Watershed boundaries Yes 

8. Activity Yes 

Crop simulation models # 

Integrated coupled analyzer/ near infrared visible spectroscopy/ medium spectroscopy for high 

speed soil nutrient analysis 

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)# 

Weather Station 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Yes 

(B) Inputs 

Yes 

1. Bio-pesticides Yes 

2. Organic manures Yes 

3. Vermicompost Yes 

4. Bio-fertilizer Yes 

5. Water saving devices Yes 

6. Mechanized tools/ implements Yes 

7. Bio-fencing Yes 

8. Nutrient budgeting 

9. Automatic water level recorders & sediment samplers 

4.2. Institution Building 

i)Watershed Committee (WC) 

This is the general body of the residents constituted by Gram sabha of the watershed as well as farmers who own land within the watershed 

area registered under society Registration Act 1860. The first gram sabha meeting was held on 4 th February 2010 in Kharachiya Jam, 11 th 

Jan in Panchvda, 15 th February in Jangvad and 14 th April 2010 in Jasapar, where the watershed committee was formed taking in to account 

all caste, women representation and Gram panchayat members .Both President and Secretary of WC were selected after the first Watershed 

Committee meeting was held. The secretary will be a paid functionary of the watershed committee.The Watershed Committee with the 

help of the Watershed Development Team (WDT) shall facilitate resource-use agreements among the user groups based on the principle of 

equity and sustainability. Capacity building training to the watershed committee will be provided by WDT member. The watershed committee 

has a pivotal during various processes like the PRA and overall planning of various points. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31.1: Watershed Committee details (Kharachiya Jam ) 

Sl 

. 

N 

o. 

1 


WC 

Watershed 

committee 

Kharachiya 

Jam 

Date of 

Registra 

tion as 

a 

Society 

(dd/mm/ 

yyyy) 

Under 

progress 

Name 

Designat 

ion 

M/ 

F 

S 

C 

ST 

SF 

M 

F 

L 

F 

Land 

-less 

U 

G 

SH 

G 

G 

P 

Educational 

qualifi 

-cation 

Function/ 

s 

assigned# 

Devshibhai G.Chovatiya President M Y Y 7 D 

Rajeshbhai M. 

Chovatiya 

Secretary M Y Y 12 C 

Paremjibhai Mavajibhai 

Dhameliya 

Member M Y Y 11 A 

Jaysukha A.Chovatiya Member M Y Y 7 B 

Nirmalaben G. Rrivedi Member F Y Y 11 I 

Bhavanaben K. 

Chovatiya 

Member F Y Y 5 I-G 

Manjulaben B.Jadav Member F Y Y Y 0 I 

Parmaben B. Ratdiya Member F Y Y 1 F-B-E 

Bachubahi G. Chovatiya Member M Y Y 7 B-H 

Vallbhbhai L. 

Chovatiya 

Member M Y Y 5 E-G 

Sureshbhai A. Karpada Member M Y Y B.com B 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31.2: Watershed Committee details (Panchvada) 

Sl 

. 

N 

o. 

1 


WC 

Watershed 

committee, 

Panchvada 


Registra 

tion as 

a 

Society 

(dd/mm/ 

yyyy) 

Under 

progress 

Name 

Designat 

ion 

M/ 

F 

S 

C 

ST 

SF 

M 

F 

L 

F 

Land 

-less 

U 

G 

SH 

G 

G 

P 

Educational 

qualifi 

-cation 

Function/ 

s 

assigned# 

Niranjan N. Viyas President M Y Y BA D 

Ashok L. Tadhani Secretary M Y BA C 

Lilaben S. Mesuriya Member F Y Y 0 A 

Parshotam B. Tadhani Member M Y 7 B 

Haribhai D.Makvana Member M Y Y Y Y 5 I 

Jayaben H. Tadhani Member F Y Y 8 I-G 

Gelaben U. Labariya Member F Y Y 1 I 

Jayaben M. Tadhani Member F Y Y 5 F-B-E 

Jeshigbhai M. Dav Member M Y Y 7 B-H 

Kantaben R.Jalu Member F Y Y 0 E-G 

Gopalbhai N. Tadhani Member M Y Y 7 B 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31.3: Watershed Committee details (Jangavad) 

Sl 

. 

N 

o. 

1 


WC 

Watershed 

committee, 

Jangvad 


Registra 

tion as 

a 

Society 

(dd/mm/ 

yyyy) 

Under 

progress 

Name 

Designat 

ion 

M/ 

F 

S 

C 

ST 

SF 

M 

F 

L 

F 

Land 

-less 

U 

G 

SH 

G 

G 

P 

Educational 

qualifi 

-cation 

Function/ 

s 

assigned# 

Hasrajbhai J. Rangani President M Y 10 D 

Mukesbhai B. Khisriya Secretary M Y Y BCA C 

Manhardas V. 

Mesavaniya 

Member M Y Y Y 7 A 

Kanchanben S. 

Makavana 

Member F Y Y 2 B 

Raniben M. Nabhoya Member F Y 3 I 

Gitaben P. Shidhdhpra Member F Y 3 I-G 

Sonalben J. Paramar Member F Y Y 5 I 

Lakhamanbhai R. 

Kapdiya 

Member F Y Y 5 F-B-E 

Sardaben P. Hirpara Member F Y Y 5 B-H 

Asok L. Rangani Member M Y Y 12 E-G 

Minaben D. Pandiya Member F Y Y 10 B 

Savitaben H. Rangani Member F Y Y Y 7 A 

Manubhai H.Kuvadiya Member M Y Y 12 J 

Gelabhai V. Bohriya Member M Y 4 A 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31.4: Watershed Committee details (Jasapar) 

Sl 

. 

N 

o. 


WC 

Watershed 

committee, 

Jasapar 


Registr 

ation 

as a 

Society 

(dd/mm 

/ yyyy) 

Under 

progres 

s 

Name 

Designatio 

n 

M/ 

F 

S 

C 

ST 

SF 

M 

F 

L 

F 

Lan 

d- 

less 

U 

G 

SH 

G 

G 

P 

Educa 

- 

tional 

qualif 

i- 

cation 

Function 

/s 

assigned 

# 

Govindbhai B. 

Bhayani 

President M Y Y 5 D 

Kishorbhai H. Bhbhti Secretary M Y 10 C 

Khodabhai N. 

Mudhva 

Member M Y Y 4 A 

Vasanben J. Bhayani Member F Y Y 12 B 

Rohitbhai P. Vasani Member M Y Y 10 I 

Yogeshbhai L. 

Damsiya 

Member M Y Y BA I-G 

Daksaben B.Chothani Member F Y Y 5 I 

Ranabhai R. Parmar Member M Y Y Y 5 F-B-E 

Madhuben M. 

Dholariya 

Member F Y Y 4 B-H 

Manjulaben G. Gosai Member F Y Y 7 E-G 

Bhanuben P. Gohel Member F Y Y 4 B 

# Functions Assigned, as below 

A. PNP and PRA B. Planning 

C. Maintenance of Accounts D. Signing of cheques and making payments 

E. Supervision of construction activities F. Cost Estimation 

G. Verification & Measurement H. Record of labour employed 

I. Social Audit J. Any other (please specify). 


DWDU, Rajkot 

ii) Self Help Group 

We believe that the full potential of our watershed work can only be raised if it is supplemented by a microfinance 

programme. This is essential if we are to ensure long-term livelihood security to the poor. We are also convinced that no 

microfinance programme can be successful until it is tied up with livelihood programmes such as agriculture, dairying, 

marketing and enterprise development etc. Thus microfinance and livelihood programmes are complementary to each 

other and their simultaneous implementation is the key to poverty alleviation. Incomes raised through livelihood 

initiatives need to be saved. Of these women are the best custodians. Self Help Group are motivated, Small homogenous group 

organized together through highly successful of credit and thrift activities. These savings must be reinvested in livelihood options 

that in turn raise incomes, setting up various cycles. Generally self help group includes landless and marginal sized farm women, 

BPL household, SC/ST women. 

SHG initiative in watershed villages is being organized by having a focused group discussion between various homogenous 

communities of women based on their livelihood separately. With a view point of different problems related to rural credit, it was 

planned to organize these women into a group consisting of 10 to 13 in each groups and it was also proposed to have groups. 

Table no. 32: SHG detail 

S. No. With 

only 

Men 

Total no. of registered SHGs 

With only 

Women 

With 

both 

1 12 21 5 32 

No. of members 

No. of SC/ST in each 

category 

No. of BPL in 

each category 

Total Categories M F Total M F Total M F Total 

(i) Landless 43 57 110 25 65 90 

(ii) SF 15 10 25 15 10 25 

(iii) MF 71 63 134 

(iv) LF 

Total 12 21 5 32 114 120 244 40 75 115 15 10 25 


DWDU, Rajkot 

iii) User Group: 

These are homogeneous groups of persons having landholding within the watershed area. They are normally formed to manage an 

activity or asset on a long term basis. The user group collects user charges from their members. Some of the points which were 

considered while forming a user group were: 

1) In case of a check dam all the beneficiaries of the individual check dam were involved as user group members. 

2) In case of Fodder bank all the individual beneficiaries of animal husbandry are considered as potential members. 

3) Khadi based cottage industry, Papad making user groups for micro enterprise activities 

4) Membership was on voluntary and democratic. 

Focused group discussion was conducted to between the user groups to discuss the above conditions and to select potential members. It 

was advocated that each group to formulate certain internal rules and have a feeling of ownership with community spirit. 

Table No. 33: The following types of groups were planned to be formed 

S. No Name of User Group (land based) Major Task 

1 Fuel and fodder Group Development of Pasture land 

2 Farm pond/Percolation tank user Group Equitable sharing of resources 

3 Farm bund and Check Dam Group Equitable sharing of resources 

4 Fodder bank Group 

5 Nursery Group 

Ensure fodder security in village 

Development of community land for fodder development 

Timely supply of enriched fodder at a affordable price. 

Maintenance of nursery plot 

Ensure Timely supply of seedling for afforestation. 

S. No Name of other Groups (except land based) Major Task 

1 Micro-enterprise developing group Ensuring livelihood opportunities, reducing distress migration 

2 Animal Husbandry Group Bringing of new AH technology, Management of New Cattle and their 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 33. 1: UG detail (Kharchiya Jam) 

S. No, 

Total no. of UGs No. of members No. of SC/ST in each 

category 

No. of BPL in each 

category 

Men Women Both Total Categories M F Total M F Total M F Total 

(i) Landless 17 23 40 7 6 13 11 4 15 

1 27 3 4 34 

(ii) SF 51 3 54 2 0 2 3 - 3 

(iii) MF 48 4 52 5 1 6 - - - 

(iv) LF 10 1 11 - - - - - - 

Total 27 3 4 34 126 31 157 14 7 21 14 4 18 

Table no. 33.2: UG detail (Panchavada) 

S. No, 


category 


category 


(i) Landless 26 28 54 15 6 21 17 16 33 

1 

32 4 9 45 

(ii) SF 134 21 155 11 4 15 4 3 7 

(iii) MF 119 8 127 2 - 2 - - - 

(iv) LF 16 2 18 1 - 1 - - - 

Total 32 4 9 45 295 59 354 29 10 39 21 19 40 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 33. 3 : UG detail (Jangavad) 

S. No, 


category 


category 


(i) Landless 27 22 49 22 18 40 13 18 31 

1 

34 4 15 53 

(ii) SF 169 19 188 4 1 5 - - - 

(iii) MF 113 21 134 3 2 5 4 3 7 

(iv) LF 31 4 35 1 0 1 - - - 

Total 34 5 15 53 340 66 406 30 21 51 17 21 38 

Table no. 33. 4: UG detail (Jasapar) 

S. No, 


category 


category 


(i) Landless 24 21 45 18 16 34 23 22 45 

1 

27 5 9 41 

(ii) SF 148 18 166 7 4 11 17 19 36 

(iii) MF 131 23 154 3 1 4 - - - 

(iv) LF 16 3 19 1 1 - - - 

Total 27 5 9 41 319 65 384 29 21 50 40 41 81 


DWDU, Rajkot 

4.3. Physical activities to be undertaken under IWMP-III 

EPA activities are certain important works which are in urgent demand of the local community. This helps in establishment of credibility of 

watershed Development Team (WDT). It also acts as a rapport building activity of the village community. A group Discussion was 

conducted with watershed Development Committee regarding the EPA activity, it was conveyed to the amount of Rs. 3.22 lakh in 

Kharachiya, 6.54 lakh in Panchavda, 8.93 lakh in Jangvad and 6.75 lakh in Jasapar lakh was allotted for EPA activity, which was 4 per 

cent of total allocated budget. The villagers discussed various activities which they felt is important but after a brief discussion it was 

conveyed to them that only those activities can taken, which revive the common natural resources and common benefits . It was also taken 

into priority and convergences with different departments were also proposed, which will result in sustainability of activities. 

Table No. 34: Entry Point Activities (EPA): Some of the major activities proposed in Kharachiya Jam are: 


Villages 

Kharachiya 

jam 

Details of activity Amount earmarked for EPA Estimated Cost ( In 

lakhs) 

Plantation with tree guard (100 nos) 3.22 Lakhs 

0.70 

Solar light inside the Smasan (2 nos) 0.49 

Repair of open wells and Deepening 0.82 

Books for Library in School 0.09 

Purifier/ Reverse osmosis Aqaguard in School (2 nos) 0.40 

Demonstration for Agricultural / Animal Husbandry 

Productivity Enhancement 

0.20 

Animal water trough (Havada) 0.20 

Drainage line correction (To prevent flooding Gramtal) 0.32 

Plantatio/ Horticulture Convergence With Forest Dept. 0.12 

Total 

3.34 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No. 34.1: Some of the major activities proposed in Panchavda are: 


Villages 

Panchavda 


lakhs) 

Platation with tree guard on Road side 6.54 Lakhs 

0.70 

Dead animal carrying cart 0.10 


Development of Drinking water facility 1.11 

Bio-gas plant for demonstration 0.14 


Grassland/Gauchar Development 0.60 

Roof water harvesting 0.45 

Wind energy development 0.70 

Desilting of Pond (Left bank of Bhadar river) 0.53 



Storage tank/Sump for drinking water 1.10 

Sanitation facilities/Sewerage 0.35 

Desilting of Check dam at Kharachiya Road NREGA 0.25 

Total 

6.79 

0.26 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No. 34.2: Some of the major activities proposed in Jangvad are: 


Villages 

Jangvad 


lakhs) 

Platation with tree guard on Road side (78 nos) 8.93 Lakhs 

0.55 

Solar lights inside the Samsan (2 nos) 0.49 



Drinking water facility dev.(Digging of Well 4x4x30 mt 

for drinking water, Tank repairing, pipe line laying) 

6.70 



Wind energy development 0.70 

Afforestation (Convergence With Forest Dept.) 0.55 

Pond deepening (Convergence with NREGA) 0.20 

Total 

9.68 

0.20 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No. 34.3: Some of the major activities proposed in Jasapar are: 


Villages 

Jasapar 


lakhs) 

Platation with tree guard on Road side (150 nos) 

6.75 Lakhs 

1.05 

Solar lights inside the Samsan & way (2 nos) 0.49 

Dead animal carrying cart 0.10 

Medicinal Plantation 0.06 

Drinking water facility 0.71 

Check Dam Repairing near Ashram 2.11 

Computer Training to youth/ School Children 0.15 

Purifier/ Reverse osmosis Aquaguard in School 0.20 

Facilities for Sewerage line Near Old Village 0.35 

Rooftop Water Harvesting in School 0.45 



0.14 

Flood Protection wall (SC farmer) 0.94 

Afforestation 0.5 ha (convergence with Forest dept.) 0.55 

Total 

7.3 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.35: Details of activities of preparatory phase (All financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. 

No. 

Name of villages 

Initiation of 

village level 

institution 

Capacity 

building 

IEC 

activities 

Baseline 

survey 

Hydrogeological 

survey 

Identifying 

technical 

support 

agencies 

Printing 

DPR and 

Mapping 

Estimated 

Cost (Rs. in 

lakh) 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 0.48 2.39 0.97 0.29 0.10 0.48 0.12 4.83 

2 Panchavda 0.98 4.86 1.96 0.59 0.20 0.98 0.25 9.81 

3 Jangavad 1.34 6.63 2.68 0.80 0.27 1.34 0.33 13.39 

4 Jasapar 1.01 5.01 2.02 0.61 0.20 1.01 0.25 10.12 

Total 3.82 18.89 7.63 2.29 0.76 3.82 0.95 38.15 

4.3.2. Watershed Development Works: 

Watershed development works is to be done during implementation phase of watershed. Treatments begin from the highest point of the 

watershed and move progressively downwards (ridge to valley), starting with the smallest stream and culminating in the main river of the 

watershed. Work is location-specific, varying according to slope and geology as also the size of the stream being treated. The aim is to weave 

interventions into the contours of nature, not to seek mastery over it. A net budget of 50 percent is allotted for this work. 

4.3.2.1 Ridge Area Treatment Plans 

In a watershed, the slopes falling from the ridge to the beginning of the plains are called ridge area. It is very important to treat the higher 

reaches of the ridge has this is where the major water resources originate. This involves mainly highly and forest region in the watershed. 

Various watershed managing structures should be build to arrest the erosion and degradation of forest with grasses in upper ridges. 

1. Contour Bund/trench 

2. Boulder Checks 

3. Gabions 4. Grass seedling/planatation 


DWDU, Rajkot 

1. Contour Bunds/Trench 

Contour bund/trenches are a simple, low-cost method of checking the velocity of runoff in the ridge area of any watershed. A contour 

trench is a trench dug along a contour line. A contour line is an imaginary line that joins together points of the same elevation. Digging a 

trench along a line that is at the same level increases the chances of containing runoff for a longer period of time within the trench. If 

bunds/trenches were not to follow a contour, such digging could actually increase the possibility of soil erosion because there would be a 

rise in the velocity of runoff following upon an increase in the slope of the land. In the ridge area of a watershed a contour bund/trench is a 

simple and inexpensive solution to slowing down surface runoff and reducing soil erosion. 

Objectives 

1) Slowing down the velocity of runoff 

2) Checking soil erosion 

3) Improving local soil moisture profile 

Contour bunds/trenches are constructed in the ridge area of a watershed. Rainwater, which falls in this area flow unchecked carrying with it 

eroded soil into the flatter portion of the watershed - the "valley". This silt gets deposited into reservoirs and ponds, reducing their life. 

Thus, any water harvesting work undertaken in the valley will become meaningless unless appropriate measures such as contour trenching 

are undertaken to control runoff and soil erosion in the ridge. Contour trenches collect the rainwater that falls in the ridge area. This way 

the soil moisture profile in the area adjacent to the trench is improved. 

2. Boulder Checks /Loose Boulder checks 

Boulder checks or gully plugs are loose rock dams made on small drainage lines or seasonal streams which have a catchment area of less 

than 50 ha. It is adopted where the water velocity is high and where basically stone available with in radius of 100-150 m from the site. The main 

aim of constructing loose boulder checks is to reduce the velocity of water flowing through the drainage line. By reducing the velocity of runoff, 

boulder checks help in: 

1. Reducing soil erosion; 


DWDU, Rajkot 

2. Trapping silt which slows the rate of siltation in water harvesting structures in the lower reaches of the watershed. 

3. Creating a hydraulic head locally which enhances infiltration of surface runoff into the groundwater system; and 

4. Increasing the duration of flow in the drainage line. Therefore, the capacity of the water harvesting structures created downstream on the drainage 

line is utilized more fully as they get many more refills. 

3. Gabions 

Gabion structures are rock and wire dams constructed across drainage lines with a catchment area of 50-500 ha. They are also constructed to 

reinforce highly erodible stream embankments. The main aim of constructing gabion structures is to reduce the velocity of water flowing through 

the drainage line. By reducing the velocity of runoff, gabion structures help in 

1. Reduction in soil erosion 

2. Trapping silt, which reduces the rate of siltation in water harvesting structures in the lower reaches of the watershed. 

3. Increasing recharge of groundwater and 

4. Increasing the duration of flow in the drainage line. Therefore, the capacity of the water harvesting structures created downstream on the 

drainage line is utilized more fully as they get many more refills. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

4.3.2.2 Drainage line Treatment and water harvesting for land development: 

The second tier treatment is the slope treatment. This is generally agricultural land or waste lands. These are generally water conservation 

or surface water storage structures. These being highly labour intensive will involve more of manual labour so schemes like National Rural 

Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) can be taken. Following structures has been proposed in the project villages. 

1. Check dams/Causeway cum check dams 

2. Waste Weir 

1. Check dams 

Check dams are constructed across small streams having slope the selected should have sufficient thickness of permeable bed or 

weathered formation to facilitate recharge of stored water within short span of time. The water stored in these structures is mostly 

confined to stream course and the height is normally less than 2m and excess water is allowed to flow over the wall in order to avoid 

scouring from excess runoff water cushions are provided at downstream side. To harness the maximum run off in the stream series of such 

check dams are to be constructed to have recharge on regional scale in project villages. 

2. Waste weirs 

These are constructed for giving a safe passage to the excess runoff from the field and also store some amount of water in the field. The 

water stored in these structures is mostly confined in field and height is normally less than 0. 5 mt. and excess water is allowed to flow 

over the wall. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

4.3.2.3 Plains or Flat level/Field level: 

1. Farm pond 

2. Irrigation/Percolation tank 

3. Farm bund 

4. Afforestation 

1) Farm Pond: 

There is very little qualitative difference between a pond/ tank, which usually serves the population of a village, and farm pond, which 

serves an individual agricultural field. Farms ponds greatly vary in size depending upon the rainfall. These have only a few meters of 

length and width and are built across the flow path of natural drainage channels. Surplus water from one pond spills over to a lower pond. 

In some cases a series of farm ponds are built on one single stream. Each pond caters to the irrigation needs of one farm and also augments 

ground water recharge. Percolation Dam: Percolation dams are constructed for recharging groundwater. Such structures are usually made 

on the upper part of the catchment area. Water stored here percolates to wells and tubewells located in the lower part of the catchment. 

Such dams can also be made in the immediate upstream portion of wells and tubewells. Depending on the capacity of the dam and duration 

of water storage, the dam can have secondary benefits (such as pisciculture) that are vital for the livelihood security of marginal farmers 

and landless labourers. 

2) Irrigation/Percolation tank 

a) Irrigation Dam: Such dams can be constructed to meet two different kinds of demands. 

• of storing water during the rainy season to be used for irrigation in the post-monsoon period. 

• of providing protective irrigation during dry spells within the rainy season. Most parts of India typically receive rainfall 


DWDU, Rajkot 

between June and September, very intensely within a few hours and a few days. The number of rainy days does not average 

more than 40-50. Moreover, rains are extremely erratic, often characterised by late onset and early withdrawal. Prolonged 

dry spells during the rainy season, resulting in agricultural droughts, are also frequent. Hence, the kharif crop needs to be 

drought-proofed through 'protective' irrigation, applied to overcome accumulated soil moisture deficits within the rainy 

season. Such structures are especially important in areas which are poor in groundwater resources and which do not have 

access to canal irrigation. Such areas form about half of India's agricultural area. 

b). Percolation Tank: Percolation dams are constructed for recharging groundwater. Such structures are usually made on the upper part of 

the catchment area. Water stored here percolates to wells and tube wells located in the lower part of the catchment. Such dams can also be 

made in the immediate upstream portion of wells and tube wells. Depending on the capacity of the dam and duration of water storage, the 

dam can have secondary benefits (such as pisciculture) that are vital for the livelihood security of marginal farmers and landless labourers. 

3) Farm bund 

Farm bunds are constructed on agricultural land with the aim of arresting soil erosion and improving the soil moisture profile. Ideally, bunds 

on farms should be made on the contour line. But this creates several problems for farmers. Contour bunds divide the field into irregular 

sections. In such a situation, it becomes inconvenient to maneuver bullocks for operations such as ploughing and line-sowing. Due to these 

4. Afforestation 

Emphasis is placed on maximizing the use of available land and resources with high yield tree species. Trees can either be of similar 

species or mixed in a manner that will result in a stand or forest. Depending on the climate, geographical layout of the area and the soil 

conditions, trees that have the greatest growth potential are selected like Babool, Neem, Sesame and Ailanthus. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.36: Activities related to Surface water resources in Kharachiya Jam (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

Proposed target 

Augmentation/ repair of existing 

S. 

No. 

Village 

name 

Type of structures 

No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

structures 

Storage 

capacity 

(Cumec) 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

Construction of new structures 

No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Storage 

Estimated 

capacity 

cost 

(Cumec) 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Total target 

Storage 

capacity 

(m 3 ) 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

(i) Farm Pond 5 7.50 1341 0.55 5 7.50 1350 0.55 15.00 2691 1.10 

(ii)Irrigation/Percolation 

1 Kharachiya Tank 

3 21.29 54000 0.82 25.29 54000 0.82 

(iii) Check dam & 

Causeway cum check 5 34.54 39000 4.28 18 217.99 105000 19.04 262.53 144000 23.32 

dam 

Total 13 63.33 94341 5.65 23 225.49 106350 19.59 302.82 200691 25.24 

Table no.36.1: Activities related to Surface water resources in Panchavda (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. Village 

No. name 



structures 

Area to 

Storage Estimated 

be 

No. capacity cost 

irrigated 

(Cumec) (Lac) 

(ha) 



No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Storage 

Estimated 

capacity 

cost 

(Cumec) 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Total target 

Storage 

capacity 

(m 3 ) 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

(i) Farm Pond 4 6.22 1200 0.44 11 18.86 2970 1.21 25.08 2950 1.65 

(ii)Percolation Tank 4 67.87 11000 2.54 1 11.20 5756 2.36 99.07 12800 4.90 

1 Panchavda (iii) Check dam & 

Causeway cum 5 91.62 51500 7.46 21 287.20 125000 28.40 378.82 246500 35.86 

check dam 

Total 13 165.71 63700 10.44 33 337.26 133726 31.97 502.97 262250 42.41 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.36.2: Activities related to Surface water resources in Jangavad (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

Village 


S. 

name 


No. 


structures 


No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Storage 

capacity 

(Cumec) 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Storage 

Estimated 

capacity 

cost 

(Cumec) 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Total target 

Storage 

capacity 

(m 3 ) 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

(i) Farm Pond 3 5.35 900 0.33 12 18.86 3240 1.32 24.21 4140 1.65 

(ii)Percolation Tank 3 76.42 10500 2.90 1 32.20 12100 4.96 108.62 22600 7.96 

1 Jangavad (iii) Check dam & 

Causeway cum 11 95.32 66500 8.01 32 224.32 140700 54.46 789.64 207200 62.47 

check dam 

Total 17 177.09 77900 11.24 45 275.38 156040 60.74 922.47 233940 72.08 

Table no.36.3: Activities related to Surface water resources in Jasapar (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. Village 

No. name 



structures 

Area to 


be 


irrigated 

(Cumec) (Lac) 

(ha) 



No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Storage 

Estimated 

capacity 

cost 

(Cumec) 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Total target 

Storage 

capacity 

(m 3 ) 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

(i) Farm Pond 2 10.08 1100 0.22 15 16.30 4050 1.65 23.38 5150 1.87 

1 Jasapar 

(ii)Irrigation/Percolation 

2 

Tank 

59.32 9500 2.36 1 29.36 3950 3.01 88.68 11650 5.37 

(iii) Check dam & 

Causeway cum check 5 149.54 7500 3.96 24 378.35 22800 38.90 727.89 30300 42.86 

dam 

Total 9 218.94 18100 6.54 40 422.01 25750 43.56 839.95 47100 50.10 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.36.4: Activities related to Surface water resources in cluster IWMP-III (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. Village 

No. name 




structures 

Area to 


be 


irrigated 

(Cumec) (Lac) 

(ha) 



No. 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Storage 

Estimated 

capacity 

cost 

(Cumec) 

Area to 

be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Total target 

Storage 

capacity 

Estimated 

cost 

(Lac) 

(i) Farm Pond 14 26.57 4700 1.54 43 56.52 5100 4.73 85.67 9800 6.27 

(ii) 

(ii)Irrigation/Percolation 12 228.90 85000 13.54 2 92.76 7250 10.82 321.66 92250 24.36 

Tank 

(iii) Check dam 

/Causeway cum check 

dam 

26 441.02 164500 23.71 95 1717.86 73350 140.80 2158.88 898000 161.50 

Total 52 696.49 254200 38.79 140 1867.14 85700 153.34 2566.21 1000050 192.13 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.37: Activities related to recharging ground water resources in the project areas (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 


Augmentation/ repair of Construction of new 

Total target 

S. 

existing recharging structures recharging structures 

Name of Villages Type of structures 

No. 

Area to be 

Area to be 

Area to be 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 

No. irrigated 

No. irrigated 

irrigated 

cost 

cost 

cost 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

1 Kharachiya Jam Open wells 1 0.5 0.09 1 0.5 0.11 1.05 0.22 

(i)Open wells 2 1 0.18 8 10 0.88 11 1.06 

2 Panchavda (ii)Bore wells 1 2 0.15 2 0.15 

Total for the village 2 1 0.18 9 12 1.03 13 1.21 

(i)Open wells 8 10 0.85 10 0.85 

3 Jangvad 

(ii)Bore wells 2 1.7 0.30 1.7 0.30 

(iii) Dyke 1 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 

Total for the village 11 12.5 1.9 12.5 1.9 

(i)Open wells 8 10 0.85 10 0.85 

4 Jasapar (ii)Bore wells 2 2.5 0.30 2.5 0.30 

Total for the 

Project 

Total for the village 10 12.5 1.15 12.5 1.15 

3 1.5 0.27 31 37.5 4.19 39.05 4.48 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 38: Activities related to livelihoods by Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the project areas 

S. No. 


Villages 

1 Kharachiya Jam 

2 

Panchavda 

Name of activity 

Major activities of the SHGs 

No. of SHGs 

involved 

Average annual income from 

activity per SHG (In Rs. Approx) 

Vermi composting 1 76800 

Nursery raising 1 10000 

Handicraft/Charkha Udyog 5 100000 

Bharat Guntha unit making 1 110000 

Fodder/date palm 2 26000 

Dairy Unit 2 114950 

Floriculture 1 89675 

Lemon Plot 1 84896 

Turmeric Plot 1 74700 




Papad unit making 2 197100 

Fodder Bank 1 75830 




Cumin spices, turmeric packaging 1 45000 

Mandap services 1 125000 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3 Jangavad 

4 Jasapar 



Handicraft/Immitation 3 90000 

Papad/Pickle unit making 3 146400 

Centering/Masoning instruments 3 175000 



Milk products 2 90000 






Papad unit making 2 146400 






DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 39: Other activities of watershed works phase – Proposed target 

S. No. 


villages 

Nonconventional 

Well 

Any other 

Ridge area Drainage line Nursery Land Crop Pasture 

Total 

treatment treatment raising development demonstrations development 

Estimated cost 

energy Recharge 

(Rs. In lakhs) 

(ha) (lakh) (ha) (lakh) (ha) (lakh) (ha) (lakh) (ha) (lakh) (no) (lakh) (ha) (lakh) 

1 Kharachiya 21 3.49 252.6 27.01 - - 780 10.34 - - - - 1 0.22 41.06 

(Jam) 

2 Panchavda 15 7.65 393.82 40.56 147 31.04 - - 1.5 1.45 - - 13 1.21 81.91 

3 Jangavad 8 9.04 799 64.25 137 37.25 - - - - 12.5 1.9 112.44 

4 Jasapar 19 7.4 733.03 48 564.06 25.92 - - 2.4 3.36 - - 12.5 1.15 85.83 

Table no.40: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Kharachiya (Jam) 

S. 

No. 

Name of structures (i) Ridge 

area (R) 

Type of treatment 

(ii) 

Drainage 

line 

(D) 

(iii) 

Land dev 

(L) 

(i) 

Private 

Type of land 

(ii) 

Communit 

y 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Detailed Project Report: IWMP-III 74 

Target 

Expected 

No. of units Estimated cost (Rs. 

(No./ cu.m./ in lakh) 

month & year 

of completion 

rmt) 

M W O T (mm/yyyy) 

Continuous 

ContourBund/Trench 

R C WC 91 0.04 Apr-2011 

Boulder checks R C WC 115 3.45 May 2011 

Gabion structure D C WC 2 1.74 May 2012 

Waste weir L P C UG/WC 30 2.75 Jan 2011 

Farm bunding L P UG/WC 12000 4.84 May-2012-13 

Farm bunding Con 

L P UG/WC 1930 0.83 May-2013 

(NREGA) 

Nala Plug D P UG/WC 3 1.49 Dec-2013 

Gully plug D P C UG/WC 2 0.46 Dec-2013 

Total: 15.6

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 40.i: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Panchavada 

S. 

No. 



Executing 

agency 

(ii) 

(iii) 

Name of structures (iii) (i) (ii) 

(i) UG 

(i) Ridge Drainage 

Others 

Land dev Private 

y 

(iii) WC 

Communit (ii)SHG 

area (R) line 

(pl. 

(L) 

(D) 

specify) 

Boulder checks R P C WC 253 7.59 May 2011 

Continuous CT R C WC 150 0.06 Jay-2011 

Gabion structures D C WC 4 3.39 May 2012 

Waste weir L P UG/WC 50 4.57 Jan 2012 

Farm bunding L P UG/WC 47043 19.77 May-2012-13 

Farm bunding 

Target 

Estimated cost (Rs. 

Expected 

No. of units 

(No./ in lakh) 

month & year 


cu.m./ rmt) M W O T (mm/yyyy) 

L P UG/WC 357 0.15 Jan-2012-13 

NREGA 

Nala Plug D P C UG/WC 2 1.05 Feb-2013 

Gully Plug D UG/WC 1 0.26 Jun-2011 

Afforestation/Planta 

tion/Demonstaration 

C Pasture WC 1 ha 1.45 May 2011 

Total: 38.29 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 40.ii: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Jangvad 

S. 

No. 

Name of structures (i) Ridge 

area (R) 


(ii) 

Drainage 

line 

(D) 

(iii) 

Land dev 

(L) 

(i) 

Private 


(ii) 

Communit 

y 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Target 

No. of units Estimated cost 

(No./ cu.m./ (Rs. in lakh) 

rmt) 

MW O T 

Expected 

month & year 


(mm/yyyy) 

Continuous Contour 

Bund 

R C WC 91 0.04 May 2011 

Boulder checks R C WC 250 7.50 Jay-2011 

Gabion structures R D C WC 2 1.50 May 2012 

Waste weir L P UG/WC 50 4.58 Jan 2012 

Farm bunding L P C UG/WC 55000 22.83 May-2012-13 

Farm bunding 

L P C UG/WC 1000 0.23 Jan-2012-13 

Conv. with NREGA 

Nala Plug D UG/WC 3 1.34 Feb-2013 

Gully Plug D UG/WC 5 0.44 Jun-2011 

Total: 38.46 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 40.iii: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Jasapar 

S. 

No. 

Type of treatment Type of land 

Executing 

agency 

Target 

(ii) 

(iii) 


Expected 

Name of structures (iii) (i) (ii) 

(i) UG No. of units 

(i) Ridge Drainage 

Others 

Land dev Private 

y 

(iii) WC rmt) 

Communit 

(Rs. in lakh) 

month & year 

(ii)SHG (No./ cu.m./ 

area (R) line 

(pl. 


(L) 

(D) 

specify) 

MW O T (mm/yyyy) 

Continuous CB R P C WC 454 0.20 May-2011 

Boulder checks R C WC 190 5.80 May 2011 

Gabion structures D P C WC 3 2.95 Jay-2011 

Waste weir L P UG/WC 50 4.58 May 2012 

Farm bunding L P UG/WC 30750 12.60 Jan 2012 

Nala Plug D P UG/WC 3 1.31 May-2012-13 

Gully plug D UG/WC 2 0.88 Jan-2012-13 

Flood Protection 

wall (SC farmer) 

L P C UG/WC 150 1.5 Feb-2013 

Affforestation L Pasture WC/UG 2.4ha 3.36 Jun-2011 

Affforestation 

(Convergence with R L C PIA/WC 1 ha 1.4 May 2011 

Forest dept.) 

Total: 34.58 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.1: Technical Details of Earthen Contour Bund/Trench 

Earthen Contour Bund/Trench 

Particulars Unit Value 

Top width 0.3 

U/S Slope 1: 1.5 

D/S Slope 1: 1.5 

Max. height 0.75 

Length of contour Bund/Trench per ha. per row 100 

Spacing of two Contour Bunds 10 

No. of Rows per Ha. 1000.0 

Area of cross section of Contour Bund 1.06875 

Qty. of earthwork in contour bund 1068.75 

Rate For E/W in Soft soil 41.00 

Total cost of contour bund per meter. 44 

Table No 40.2: Technical Details of Boulder checks 

Chainage Height Area of X-Section 

Average .area of x- 

Section Length Quantity 

0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

2 0.65 1.49 0.74 2 1.49 

4 0.84 2.36 1.92 2 3.85 

5 1.00 3.25 2.81 1 2.81 

6.5 0.83 2.31 2.78 2 4.17 

7 0.00 0.00 1.15 1 0.58 

Total 7 12.89 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Cost Estimate For Boulder Check 

Particulars Unit Value Rate 

Total Length Mt 7 

Max. height Mt 1 

U/S Slope 1: 2.5 

D/S Slope 1: 3 

Top Width Mt 0.5 

Quantity of Boulder Check Cum 12.89 

Add15% for Keying & Exit weir Cum 1.93 

Total quantity of Boulder Cum 14.82 600 

Unit Cost of Boulder Check Rs 8892 


DWDU, Rajkot 

L -Section of Boulder Check-2 

Height 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

-0.2 

-0.4 

-0.6 

-0.8 

-1 

-1.2 

0 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 

Series1 

-0.65 

Series2 

-0.84 

-0.83 

-1 

Distance 

Distances 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

-1 

-2 

-3 

-4 

1.875 

Plan of Boulder check-2 

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 

-0.25 

-0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

-2.2 

-2.77 

-2.74 

-3.25 

2.35 

Chainage 

2.75 

2.325 

Cross Section of Boulder Check 

Height 

1.2 

1 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

U/S 

1:1 

D/S 1:3 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Distance 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.3: Technical Details of Gabion structures 

Dimension for Construction & Costing of Gabion Structure 

S. 

no Particulars Measurement Unit 

1 Length of Head Wall 6.0 Meter 

2 Height of Head Wall 1.0 Meter 

3 Top Width of Head Wall 1.0 Meter 

4 Bottom Width of Head Wall 2.0 Meter 

5 Width of Apron 2.0 Meter 

6 Thickness of Apron 0.6 Meter 

7 Length of Side Wall 4.0 Meter 

8 Height of Side Wall 2.0 Meter 

9 Thickness of Side Wall 1.0 Meter 

10 Length of Key Wall 6.0 Meter 

11 Total Length of Structure 20.0 Meter 

12 Steps (V:H) 0.5 :1 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Quantity & Cost Estimation of Gabion Structure 

S.no Particular No. Length Width H/D/T Quantity Unit Rate Amount 

1 Excavation 

1.1 

Below head wall and for Apron in 

H.S. 1 8.0 4.0 0.6 19.2 

1.2 For Key in H.S. 2 6.0 1.0 1.25 15.0 

Total Excavation 34.2 Cum. 41.00 1402.2 

2 Construction 

2.1 Head Wall 1 6.0 1.5 1.0 9 

2.2 

Below head wall and for Apron in 

H.S. 1 8 4.0 0.6 19.2 

2.3 Key Wall 2 6.0 1.0 1.25 15.0 

2.4 Side Wall 2 4.0 1 1.5 12 

55.2 Cum. 1225.00 67620 

Total Cost 69022 

Grand Total 69069.35 

Cost Estimation say 69100.00 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.4: Technical Details/Estimates of Farm Bund 

Estimate of cost : Farm Bunding 

Particulars Value Unit 

Top width 0.6 Mt 

U/S Slope 1: 1 

D/S Slope 1: 1 

Max. height 0.75 Mt 

Bottom Width 2.1 Mt. 

Area of cross section of Farm Bund 1.0125 Sq mt 

Qty. of earthwork of Farm bund /Meter 1.0125 Cumec 

Rate /cumec 41.00 Rs. 

Total cost of Farmbunding per mt. 41.41 RS 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.5. Technical Details of Nalla/ Gully Plug 

Sr.No. Item Qty. Rate Unit Amount (Rs.) 

1 Excavation for Foundation 16.07 41.00 Cu.m. 658.67 

2 P.C.C (1:4:8) 2.30 1460.00 Cu.m. 3350.70 

3 U.C.R in C.M (1:5) 22.83 1330.00 Cu.m. 30363.90 

4 C.C (1:2:4) Coping 1.53 2420.00 Cu.m. 3702.60 

5 Cement Plaster 12mm. Th.(1:3) 31.30 74.00 Sq.m. 2316.20 

6 Earthen Work 176.72 41.00 Cu.m. 7245.32 

TOTAL Rs. : 47,637 

Table No 40.6 Technical Details of Farm Pond 


Pond Length 15.00 Mt. 

Pond Width 10.00 Mt. 

Pond Depth 1.80 Mt. 

Side Slope 2 : 1 

Pond Top Area 204 Sq. mt 

Pond bottom area 104 Sq mt. 

Quantity 270 Cum 

Cost/cum in soft soil 41 Rs 

Total cost 11070 Rs 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no 40.7. Technical details of Percolation Tank 

Particulars Value 

Structure Length 50 Mt. 

Structure Breadth 50 Mt. 

Structure Height 2.00 Mt. 

Top Cross sectional area 2500 Sq Mt. 

Tank bottom cross sectional area 2500 Sq Mt. 

Excavation in soft soil 5000 Cumec 

Rate of Excavation 41 Rs. 

Total cost of tank according to dimension 205000 Rs 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no 40.8. Technical details of Check dam 

Quantity & Cost Estimation of Check dam 


1 Excavation 

1.1 Body wall 1 20.0 1.46 1.4 40.88 Cu.mt. 

1.2 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 1.40 50.40 

1.3 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 1.40 8.40 

1.4 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 1.40 7.00 

1.5 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 1.40 3.80 

2 1:4:8 


2.1 Body wall 1 20.00 1.46 0.15 4.38 

2.2 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 0.15 5.40 

2.3 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 0.15 0.90 

2.4 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 0.15 0.75 

2.5 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 0.15 0.41 

3 U C R Masonary 11.837 Cum. 1460 17281.73 

3.1 Body wall 1 20.00 1.46 1.25 36.50 

3.2 Body Wall s/s 1 20.00 1.13 0.90 20.34 

3.3 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 1.15 41.40 

3.4 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 2.65 15.90 

3.5 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 3.45 17.25 

3.6 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 4.43 12.00 

143.391 Cum. 1330.00 190709.50 


DWDU, Rajkot 

4 1:2:4 

4.1 Body wall 1 20.00 0.80 0.10 1.60 

4.2 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 0.10 3.60 

4.3 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 0.10 0.60 

4.4 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 0.10 0.50 

4.5 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 0.10 0.27 

4.6 End sill 1 20.00 0.30 0.30 1.80 

5 Plastering 

Body wall S/S 1 20 1.00 20.00 

Body wall D/S 1 20.0 1.45 29.00 

Abutment 4 2.00 1.9 15.2 

CC 8.371 Cum. 2420.00 20258.3 

Wing wall 4 2.3 1.45 13.34 Sq.Mt. 

77.54 74.00 5737.96 

5 Earthen work 

5.1 R – Bank 1 15.0 2.20 1.20 39.60 

5.2 L – Bank 1 16.0 2.20 1.20 42.24 

15% Shrinkage Minus 12.28 

81.84 

69.564 Cum. 2852.12 

Cum. 241369.2 

Total Cost Say 241370.00 



DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no 40.9. Technical details & Cost Estimation of Waste weir 

Quantity & Cost Estimation of waste weir 


1 Excavation 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

2 U C R Masonary 

3 1:2:4 

3.1 

3.2 

4 Plaster 

Body Wall 1 4.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

Appron 1 4.00 1.00 0.45 1.80 

Abutment 2 2.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

Bodywall 1 4.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

Appon 1 4.00 1.00 0.45 1.80 

Abutment 2 2.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

Body Wall 1 4.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

Abutment 2 2.00 0.45 0.75 1.35 


Total U C R masonary 5.58 Cum. 1330.00 7441.40 

L.S. 1.00 4.00 0.45 0.10 0.18 

R.S. 2.00 2.00 0.45 0.10 0.18 

4.1 

1.00 4.00 0.40 1.60 

4.2 

1.00 4.00 0.40 1.60 

4.3 

1 4.00 0.45 1.80 

4.4 1.00 4.00 0.45 

1.80 

4.5 

4.00 1.00 0.60 2.40 

4.6 

2 0.45 0.60 0.54 

Pipe 4 .45 1.8 

0.36 Cum. 2420.00 871.20 

9.73 

Sq.mt. 74.00 720.02 

Rmt 


DWDU, Rajkot 

1.8 50.00 90.00 

Total Cost 


Cost Estimation say 9152.00 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.41: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Kharachiya Jam 



Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

S. 

Name of Name of (i) (ii) (iii) 

(iii) (ii)SHG 

No 

village structure/ work Ridge Drainage Land (i) (ii) Others (iii) 

. 

area line dev. Private Community (pl. Others 

(R) (D) (L) 

specify) (pl. 

specify) 

1 

Kharachiya 

Jam 

Area 

(ha) 

No. 


plants 

Target 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Afforestation L C PIA/WC 0.85 2049 0.82 

Jatropha L C WC/SHG 1 2500 0.34 

Fodder R L C UG/SHG 2 1.90 

Horticulture R D L P UG 1.67 186 0.65 

Nursery raising D L P C SHG 2 10000 0.20 

Crop 

demonstration 

L D L P UG/WC 3 1.69 

Lemon L WC/SHG 0.9 400 1.05 

Floriculture L P UG/SHG 1 17500 0.93 

Total 12.42 32635 7.58 

Expected 

month & 

year of 

completio 

n (mm/ 

yyyy) 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.41.1: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Panchavda 



Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

S. 


(iii) (ii)SHG 

No 


. 


(R) (D) (L) 

specify) (pl. 

specify) 

1 Panchavda 

Area 

(ha) 

No. 


plants 

Target 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Afforestation R D L C WC 1 2100 1.45 

Jatropha R L P C WC/SHG 2 2500 0.65 

Agro-forestry D L P C WC/SHG 6 8300 2.90 


Horticulture R L P UG 1.67 7400 2.6 

Nursery raising D L P UG/SHG 5 25000 0.50 

Peasture Land 

L P C SHG 5.00 5 0.26 

Demostration 

Grassland 

development 

R D C WC/SHG 3 0.60 

Crop 

demonstration 

L P UG/WC 2.5 10 1.80 

Turmeric Plot L UG/SHG 2 1.51 

Lemon plot C UG/SHG 1 400 1.35 


Total 36.17 80715 18.31 

Expected 

month & 


completio 

n (mm/ 

yyyy) 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.41.2: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Jangvad 



Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

S. 


(iii) (ii)SHG 

No 


. 


(R) (D) (L) 

specify) (pl. 

specify) 

1 Jangvad 

Area 

(ha) 

No. 


plants 

Target 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Afforestation R D L C WC 0.5 1000 0.55 


Agro-forestry D L P C WC/SHG 0.25 78 0.55 


Horticulture R L P UG 1.67 7400 


Peasture Land 

L P C SHG 5.00 5 0.26 

Demostration 

Grassland 

development 


Crop 

demonstration 

L P UG/WC 8 2.23 


Lemon plot C UG/SHG 1 400 1.35 


Total 39.42 84383 14.22 

Expected 

month & 


completio 

n (mm/ 

yyyy) 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.41.3: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Jasapar 



Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

S. 


(iii) (ii)SHG 

No 


. 


(R) (D) (L) 

specify) (pl. 

specify) 

1 Jasapar 

Area 

(ha) 

No. 


plants 

Target 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Afforestation R D L P C PIA/WC 4.00 4000 5.31 


Agro-forestry D L P C PIA/WC 0.25 150 1.05 

Fodder/Phoenix R L C UG/SHG 7 1.35 


Peasture Land 

L P C SHG 5.00 5 0.26 

Demostration 

Grassland 

development 


Crop 

demonstration 

L P UG/WC 4.5 2.56 


Lemon plot P C UG/SHG 1 400 1.35 


Total 38.75 92555 18.7 

Expected 

month & 


completio 

n (mm/ 

yyyy) 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No, 41.i, Technical Details of Afforestation Activities 


Crop Name Ailanthus 

Plant To Plant Spacing 8.00 Mt 

Row to Row Spacing 8.00 Mt 

Pit Length 1.00 Mt 

Pit Width 1.00 Mt 

Pit Depth 1.00 Mt 

No. of Plants 156 Nos. 

Plantation Area 10.00 Ha. 

No. of Plants for ha 1,560 Nos. 

Gap Filling 20 % 

Table No, 41. ii , Cost Estimation for afforestation activity 

S. No. Description No. Lengt Width Depth Unit Quantity Rate Amount 

h(m.) (m.) (m.) 

1 Digging of pits for plants in Ordinary murum 1,560 1 1 1 Cum 1,560.00 10 15600 

2 Plants saplings for plantation in Govt. pasture area, sapling 

not less than 30 cm. height 

1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 10 15600 

3 Transportation of plants from nursery to camp site upto 5Km 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 1 1560 

4 Loading and unloading of plants 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 1 1560 

5 Rehandling of plants from camp site to actual planting site 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 1 1560 

upto 20Omt. 

6 Cost of fertiliser & insecticides incl. application 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 10 15600 

7 Weeding and Hoeing two times (Twice in year] 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 2 3120 

Total 54600 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Bio-Gas 

The idea is to use cattle dung and kitchen soft waste and waste water to produce bio gas in a bio reactor. The unmanaged cattle dung can be 

managed properly if fed into a bio reactor. The reactor produces bio gas which is about 60% methane and 40 % carbon dioxide along with 

traces of other gases. This is used as cooking fuel and for lighting in some cases in place of traditional inefficient wood and kerosene stove. 

Biogas is a clean and efficient fuel. Because of the biogas the need for collecting firewood is avoided. The cooking is speeded up and time 

on cooking is reduced. Women have spare time to take care of their children and their education. A portion of their spare time is spent on 

sustainable income generating activities. 

Impact on natural resources 

· Reduction of pressure on the forest, as the families will use less wood (or no wood at all) to cook. There is an important deforestation in 

the district, and villagers, who went 2km from the village to collect wood. 

· Restoration of soil fertility 

The chemical fertilizers are damaging the soil fertility, and the annual crop yields are decreasing. Studies have shown that when vermincompost 

is used, the crops increased of 13%. 

· Control of local water contamination 

Leaching of organic wastes and chemical fertilizers can occur when they are not managed. It will manage organic wastes and reduces the 

use of chemical fertilizers these risks are lessened. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No, 41.iii: Technical Details of Bio-gas 

Detailed Cost Estimate for a 3 Cum Capacity Bio-gas 

S 

No Particulars Unit No L W H/D Qty Rate Amount 

1 Excavation of pit for main Tank ( Digester) Cum 1 22/7X2X2X1.5 18.84 

i Extra Excavation for round shape of Digester Tank Cum 1 4/3X22/7X2X2X.5 8.37 

ii Excavation of foundation for Fedder Tank Cum 1 22/7X0.8X0.8X0.5 1.00 

iii Excavation of foundation for slurry Tank Cum 1 2.5 1.5 0.5 1.88 

30.09 41 1233.82 

2 PCC in 1:2:4 cement Concrete 

i In bottom of the main Digester Tank 3" thick Cum 1 22/7X2X2X0.075 1.88 

ii In bottom of the Feeder Tank 3" thick Cum 1 22/7X0.8X0.8X0.075 0.15 

iii In bottom of the slurry tank 3" thick Cum 1 2.5 1.5 0.075 0.28 

2.32 2420 5604.65 

3 Brick Work in 1:5 cement mortar 

i for construction of digester tank dom Cum 1 0.63 

ii for construction of feeder tank Cum 1 0.20 

iii for construction of slurry tank Cum 1 0.88 

4 Plastering of the surface in 1:4 cement mortar 1.71 2280 3896.43 

i Digester from Inside and outside Sqm 1 3/2X22/7X1X1 4.71 

ii Feeder tank from inside and out side Sqm 1 5.02 

iii Slurry tank from inside and outside Sqm 1 17.6 

27.33 74 2022.72 

Fixing of GI pipe nipple 1" dia and 20cm long on top of 

5 digester dome Job 1 1 150 150 

6 

Providing of gas burner+ HDPE pipe 1/4" +1/2" gate 

valve+Hose Nipple, Hose Clamp unit 1 1 1860 1860 

Total Constructional Cost in Rs. 14767.61 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Feeder Tank 

610mm 

LINE DIAGRAM OF BIOGAS PLANT MODEL 

Outlet Gas Pipe M 

S O 

Out Let tank 

Initial Slurry Level K 

R1 R2 

150 mm dia Acc Pipe F Initial Slurry Level 

O Opening 600 

mm 

Digester Tank A 12mm thick Plaster 

500 mm 

T thickness of 

Masonry Centre 

B 

600 I 

P and C Thickness of Concrete at bottom 

D 

SECTIONAL ELEVATION 

L 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Agriculural Improvement programme 

Our understanding is that without addressing the crucial area of end-use regulation, no amount of rainwater harvesting is going to work. 

For this the most important requirement is the working out of a sustainable package of practices for dryland agriculture. This is moreover 

an alternative to the Green Revolution, which largely bypassed the drylands or is completely inappropriate for them. It is believed that the 

economy must be viewed as a sub-system of the larger eco-system, which comprises not merely human beings but also natural resources 

and non-human species. 

The watershed village area has seen penetration of Green Revolution (GR) inputs in agriculture, which is the main occupation of the 

people. Cotton that was the main crop of the area is becoming completely unviable because of high pesticide costs. Despite excessive use 

of pesticides, pestilence remains an intractable problem. The inputs available to them are often sub-quality. For example, local dealers 

dispose of expired pesticides to illiterate farmers. Farmers are in general suffering because of high input costs. However, their problem is 

that they perceive no alternative to the GR package. What is worse, the catchment areas have suffered severe denudation of forest cover in 

recent years. This has raised the rate of soil erosion and surface runoff. Biodiversity has also been adversely affected. There is a fodder and 

fuel crisis in the area. In the recent 3-year drought, the worst impact was on cattle. Within this context, our attempt (see Figure below) is to 

forge several new links within the elements of the natural resource base of the area (climate, rainfed agriculture, wastelands, forests, and 

crop residues, animal and human wastes and decentralized energy sources). With soil and water conservation technologies, surface runoff 

is minimised which improves the level of soil moisture. Loss of essential soil nutrients is also reduced. And harvested runoff is recycled to 

agricultural land through water harvesting structures. The utilisation of soil moisture through vegetative systems strengthens the flows of 

fodder, firewood. Non-woody biomass from the regenerated forests and commons, as well as part of the crop residues, is returned to the 

soil through microbial decomposition. Revegetation of the commons also provides material for direct incorporation into soil as green 

manure. Animal wastes are directed to biogas plants, from which bio-energy is supplied either to the households for cooking. The organic 

residue from the biogas plant (digested slurry) goes to enrich the soil as a nitrogen- rich fertiliser. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

These are the major components in the agricultural programme to be carried out in the Programme: 

• Seed distribution 

• Seed multiplication 

• Screening of new varieties 

• Popularisation of a package of agricultural practices 

• Floriculture 

• Horticultural plantation 

• Non Pesticide Management 

• Vermicomposting 

• Phoenix/date-palm plantation along the stream banks on farm bunds 

• Jatropha plantation along fencing and on wastelands 

• Afforestation 

Our effort has been to introduce a complete alternative to hybrid seeds and the Green Revolution package and practices as listed above. As 

a trial of the recommended practice of intercropping of different crops, farmers of the project area were chosen for Front Line 

Demonstrations (FLDs). These demonstrations attempt to make certain type of crop varieties popular again by showing the possibility of 

intercropping with a cash crop. The model, thus, attempts to show the households the possibility of getting some extra cash income while 

ensuring food security. In collaboration with ICRISAT, Hyderabad, Junagarh Agricultural University, KVK-Targharia and Kutch, Rajkot, 

we will carry out trials of composite varieties of different crops as trail or demonstration plot. Seeds of varieties identified as suitable to the 

area will be disseminated to more than 100 farmers in watershed villages. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

The Livestock Development Programme 

Many new initiatives in the field of veterinary care, fodder development, training programmes will be taken up that will bring the 

two villages in the diary map. Many of theses initiatives yielded results much beyond what we had hoped to achieve, however the year was 

also one of introspection in terms of the absence of a the leap in dairy development that we were expecting from the old routes. 

Loans to SHG members/UG groups 

The special loans for purchase of cattle will be made available to members in the location. Members will be given loans before the 

summer season. Members have to procure good quality animals. Veterinary support services will be provided by the veterinary hospitals 

and in animal husbandry camps. Accordingly members will be selected by the criteria fixed by the group. Breeds suitable for the area will 

be brought. 

Creation of a Risk Fund 

The livestock development programme will set up a risk fund to take care of an accidental death of the animals. Members who avail 

of cattle loans will contribute some amount towards a risk fund. In the event of death of the animal during the loan repayment period, 

money pooled in the risk fund can be used to help the member repay the loan outstanding. 

Veterinary Services 

Veterinary services will be provided in the cluster villages. The cluster was chosen for the reason that most families in the area are 

landless or near-landless. They are highly dependent on small ruminants like cows, buffaloes and other cattle. Vaccination camps will be 

conducted time to time against chronic diseases in the larger animals. The location also will be provided with successful Artificial 

insemination (AI) services, relying on the supplies provided by the government veterinary hospital in Jasdan. 

The pregnant cow care programme was a concept borrowed from the Vasudhara Dairy, Valsad, Gujarat. This will be launched with 

the primary aim of demonstrating that the productivity of the local cows could be increased with appropriate feeding practices. Within this 


DWDU, Rajkot 

programme, veterinary professionals would first identify local cows which are pregnant and have around two more months to go before 

parturation. Once the animals were identified and if the owner was willing the animals were put on an intensive feeding and care 

programme for a three month period, from the start of the programme to one month after parturition. The cost per animal works out to Rs. 

3700.The farmer would contribute the dry fodder and green fodder, in kind. Towards the costs of inputs procured from the market (works 

out to Rs. 1350), the costs were borne in the ratio 60:40 between WCs and the farmer. Farmers from the project villages will be motivated 

to participate in the programme. 

Training and Exposure visits 

A large group of people, consisting mainly of women dairy farmers who will take loans for purchase of cattle, will visit the 

successful dairy cooperatives under the Vasudhara dairy, Valsad and the Panchmahal dairy, Godhra. These cooperatives were chosen 

mainly for the reason that many of the successful dairy farmers in these areas are small farmers belonging to various tribal communities. 

These dairies had also built up their business on the hard work of women farmers who had taken loans from the SHGs run by the 

cooperative union to buy cattle. The interaction will be helpful as dairy co-operative members in other district will make them to 

understand how those women, with a similar background, had been able to build up a good livelihood option revolving around the dairy. 

Training addressing the issue of infertility in animals will be provided to beneficiary group. Three day training cum exposure visit will be 

organized for the team and some farmers to the BAIF organization. The visit will provide a first hand view of the options open to dryland 

farmers to ensure the availability of good quality fodder. The farmers who had adopted such practices demonstrated how it could help in 

cutting down the cost of feed concentrates. 

One day training on azolla cultivation, as a means of providing high protein feed to livestock, will be organized by KVK. Scientist 

from the KVK, will demonstrate the simple method by which azolla could be grown in the backyard of farmers. Demonstration pits are 

expected to set up in the demonstration plot of farmers. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.42: Details of allied / other activities: Kharachiya Jam 

S. 

No. 

1 

2 

Name of village 

Kharachiya 

Jam 

Kharachiya 

Jam 


(i) Private 


(ii) 

Community 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in lakh) 

Target 

Expected 

month & year 


(mm/yyyy) 

Livelihood Intervention 

Small ruminants Private 0.40 Apr-2011-12 

Animal Husbandary/Dairy unit Private UG/SHG 1.25 Feb-2011-12 

Animal Camp (5 times) Community 0.50 

Oct,Nev- 

2011-12-13 

Kitchen garden Kits (96 units) Private SHG 0.82 Oct-2011 

Business/Training/Charkhi Private UG/SHG 4.00 Mar-2012 

Jatropha (bio-fuel) in 1 ha Community WC/UG 0.34 Jul-2012-13 

Vermi Composting-8 unit Community UG 0.80 Nov-2012 

Biogas 1 unit (convergence with 

GEDA) 

Community 8.74 Apr-2012 

Total of Livelihood Intervention:16.85, but 8.74 lakh will be contributed by GEDA 

Production System and Microenterprise Development 

Fodder grass/Phoenix Private Community 1.90 Jun-2011-12 

Crop demo./Organic Agriculture Private UG/SHG 1.67 May-11 

Nursery raising (2 units) Community SHG 0.2 Jan-2011-12 

Floriculture (1 ha) Private Community SHG 0.93 Sep-2012 

Turmeric Plot (0.5 ha) Private SHG 0.37 Oct-2012 

Veterinary Kits ( 100 units) Private SHG 1.15 Aug-2012 

Handi craft/Bharat Gunthan Community UG/SHG 1.19 Oct-2012 

SHG revolving fund/Training Community SHG 1.1 Nov-2012 

Drip kits Private Community SHG 0.25 Dec-2011 

Lemon/Guava Plantation (1 ha) Private Community UG/WC 1.05 Jun-2011 

Plantation of Horticulture(1861no) Private 0.65 Jun-2011 

Total of Microenterprise and Production systems: 10.46 lakhs 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.42.1: Details of allied / other activities:Panchvda 

S. 

No. 


village 

1 Panchvda 

2 Panchvda 


(i) Private 


(ii) 

Community 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Target 

Expected 

month & 


completion 

(mm/yyyy) 


Small ruminants/Honey bee Private 2.25 Apr-2011-12 


AnimalCamp/Ag demonstration Community 2.00 

Oct,Nev- 

2011-12-13 

Mandap services/Craftman ship 1.54 Oct-2011 

Business/Training/Shop/Others Private UG/SHG 3.5 Mar-2012 

Jatropha (bio-fuel) 2 ha Community WC/UG 0.65 Jul-2012-13 

Fodder/Date palm 0.90 Nov-2012 

Vermi Composting (1 units) Community UG 2.81 Apr-2012 

Total of Livelihood Intervention: 16.35 


Crop demonstration Private Community WC/UG 1.80 Jun-2011-12 

Horticultural/Medicinal 

Private Community UG 2.6 May-11 

Plantation/Grafted Bor/Sitaphal 

Organic Agriculture (1 ha) Private PIA/UG/SHG 0.89 Jan-2011-12 

Nursery raising (5 unit) Community SHG 0.50 Sep-2012 

Kitchen garden Kit (219 units) Private PIA/SHG 1.86 Oct-2012 

Floriculture (2 ha) Private Community SHG 1.88 Aug-2012 

Turmeric plot (2 ha) Private UG/SHG 1.51 Mar-2012 

Cumin, Spices and turmeric 

flouring and packaging 

Private SHG 0.90 Oct-2012 

Veterinary Kits (90 units) Private SHG 0.71 Nov-2012 

Papad making unit (3) Community UG/SHG 1.08 Dec-2011 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Handi craft/Charkha Udyog UG/SHG 0.67 Jun-2011-12 

SHG revolving fund Community SHG 2.2 May-11 

Dripkits/Machinaries 

demonstration/new seed Private Community UG/SHG 1.45 Jan-2011-12 

varieties demonstration 

Lemon Plantation Community UG/WC 1.35 Sep-2012 

Fodder unit (5 ha) Community UG 1.91 Oct-2012 

Total: 21.43 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.42.2: Details of allied / other activities: Jangvad 

S. 

No. 


1 Jangvad 

2 Jangvad 


(i) Private 


(ii) 

Community 

(iii) Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 


Target 

Expected 

month & year 


(mm/yyyy) 




Animal Camp/AI/Exposure (12) Community PIA 2.5 Oct 2012-13 

Kitchen garden Kits (124 units) Private PIA/SHG 0.98 Oct-2011 

Fodder grass/Date palm Private UG/WC 1.35 Mar-2012 

Business/Training/Others Private UG/SHG 10.95 Jul-2012-13 

Jatropha (bio-fuel) 2 ha Community WC/UG 0.65 Nov-2012 

Moti para instruments UG/SHG 1.90 Apr-2012 

Total of Livelihood Intervention: 22.33 


Vermi Composting (2 units) Community UG 2.5 Jun-2011-12 

Crop demonstration Private Community PIA/WC/UG 2.23 May-11 

Organic Agriculture (3 ha) Private UG/SHG 2.67 Jan-2011-12 


Floriculture (4 ha) Private Community SHG 3.75 Oct-2012 

Turmeric plot (2 ha) Community UG/SHG 1.51 Aug-2012 


flouring and packaging/Milk 

production unit 

Private Community SHG 2.83 Mar-2012 

Veterinary Kits (120 units) Private SHG 0.94 Oct-2012 

Papad making/Pickle unit Community UG/SHG 2.8 Nov-2012 

Handicraft/ /Immitation/Centering Private UG/SHG 2.52 Dec-2011 

SHG revolving fund Community SHG 3.00 Jun-2011-12 

Drip kits Private Community SHG 0.90 May-11 

Lemon Plantation Community UG/WC 1.35 Jan-2011-12 

Fodder unit (4) Community UG 1.52 Jan-2011-12 

Total: 29.02

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.42.3: Details of allied / other activities: Jasapar 

S. 

No. 


Jasapar 

Jasapar 


(i) Private 


(ii) 

Community 

(iii) Others 

(pl. specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in lakh) 


Target 

Expected 

month & year 


(mm/yyyy) 




Animal Camp/AI/Exposure (12) Community PIA 2.25 Oct12-13 

Kitchen garden Kits (185 units) Private PIA/SHG 1.57 Oct-2011 

Fodder grass/Date palm Private UG/WC 1.35 Mar-2012 

Business/Training/shop/Others Private UG/SHG 4.40 Jul-2012-13 

Jatropha (bio-fuel) 4 ha Community WC/UG 1.3 Nov-2012 

Mandap services/Craftman ship UG/SHG 0.90 Apr-2012 

Community Bio-gas 

(Convergence with GEDA) 

Community GEDA PIA/WC 8.74 Apr-2011-12 

Total of Livelihood Intervention: 25.61, (8.74 lac, GEDA) 


Vermi Composting (1 units) Community UG 2.81 Jun-2011-12 

Crop demonstration Private Community PIA/WC/UG 2.56 May-11 

Organic Agriculture (3 ha) Private UG/SHG 2.67 Jan-2011-12 


Floriculture (2 ha) Private Community SHG 1.88 Oct-2012 

Turmeric plot (2 ha) Community UG/SHG 1.52 Aug-2012 


Private SHG 0.90 Mar-2012 

flouring and packaging 

Veterinary Kits (40 units) Private SHG 0.31 Oct-2012 

Papad making unit (4 unit) Community UG/SHG 1.28 Dec-2011 

Handi craft/Charkha Udyog Private UG/SHG 1.33 Jun-2011-12 

SHG revolving fund Community SHG 2.3 May-11 

Drip kits Private Community SHG 0.90 Jan-2011-12 

Lemon Plantation Community UG/WC 1.35 July 2011 

Fodder unit (4 ha) Community UG 1.52 

Total: 21.93

DWDU, Rajkot 


Promotion of micro-enterprises and various income generation activities is an important aspect of empowerment. Although it is extremely 

difficult to find remunerative self employment, there are enormous untapped opportunities in the rural sector. These include both on-farm 

and off-farm opportunities. Typically families living below poverty line, SC, ST and landless in a cluster of villages are motivated to take 

part in holistic development through livelihood opportunities through multidisciplinary interventions. 

Advantages of Agro-Based Activities: While promoting various income generation activities, agro-based activities have advantages 

because of the following reasons: 

1. Target groups are acquainted with most of the basic skills. 

2. Easy access to inputs. 

3. No problems of marketing, as most of the outputs are locally consumed as food. 

4. As over 50-60 % of the rural families own land and livestock, income generation activities can be initiated immediately without heavy 

capital investment. 

5. Risk of failure due to improper technology, poor quality, low demand and poor price recovery are very low. Hence, the chances of 

success are high. 

6. Infrastructure required for promotion of on-farm activities has been very well established. Hence, the entrepreneurs can progress even in 

backward regions, which are deprived of regular power supply and electronic information connectivity. It is therefore advantageous to tap 

all the opportunities to promote various on-farm activities. The experience has confirmed that the best strategy to promote income 

generation activities through SHGs is to analyze the on-going agro-based activities undertaken by the members and introduce suitable 

interventions to enhance the production. There are also excellent opportunities to improve post production management of the produce 

through grading, storage, processing and marketing. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Various micro-enterprises activities through UG and Self Help Groups will be promoted. The list of micro-enterprises taken up by various 

SHGs is presented below. Among these activities, agriculture followed by animal husbandry, Khadi making units and food processing. 

However, over a period of time, agriculture, animal husbandry and food processing supercede the trade as many individuals participate in 

enhancing their production at the family level and try to organize themselves to market them collectively. Other activities such as 

production of utility items, construction related activities, handicrafts and Moti work find it difficult to sustain due to poor marketing 

infrastructure, lack market and competition from other sources. 

Support Needed for Promotion of Micro-enterprises 

Following support is needed to promote micro-enterprises through women SHGs. 

1. Motivation of the target communities, particularly women and landless farmers 

2. Formation of Self Help Groups and their Federations 

3. Gender sensitization 

4. Training and capacity building 

5. Micro-finance. Provision of credit facilities and linkage with banks 

6. Development of infrastructure, particularly through the SHG Federations to provide necessary support services and marketing 

7. Trade networking and establishment of market outlets 

8. Village level Information Centre: The multi-disciplinary team interacted with the SHGs and User groups to explore the potentials for 

development of various enterprises and extend necessary support for dissemination of technologies, procurement of inputs, training of 

members and establishment of linkage with the market. There should be some agency to provide guidance to the entrepreneurs as and when 

needed. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

The selected production activities for the watershed villages follow the above-mentioned process, and are selected in such a way that they 

should be: 

• economically viable 

• environmentally sustainable 

• socially equitable 

• energy efficient 

• employment generation 

Production System-1: Papad production units 

For women to become a successful entrepreneur, she needs access to capital, technical and managerial know-how and market. The essence 

to empower rural women lies in catalyzing appropriate economic activities at the grass root level and creating new opportunities for them 

to earn higher income in order ton improve their standard of living. This objective could be accomplished by establishing enterprises that 

are based on the locally available resources and preferably indigenous knowledge. Self Help Groups (SHG), each with 10-20 members, 

will be motivated and proper training will be provided for each micro enterprise activity which will improve the quality of their own lives 

as well as the lives of those around them. 

Introduction 

Papad is delicious snack. It is consumed at homes, restaurants, hotels, etc. Papad is a traditional item consumed in all functions. 

Traditionally this activity was confined to household papad making but in view of increasing demand and availability of machinery 

(mechanisation) it has now been developed in cottage and small scale sector. Enterprise can be started by 2 family members and optimum 

machinery. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Market 

Field survey findings indicated that papad industry has good potential in big centers in cities like Morbi and Maliya miyana of 

Rajkot areas. There is a good demand for papads because it is a food product and commonly consumed commodity in all households and 

hotels. Women entrepreneurs can gainfully take up this papad unit in their houses but proper packing and distribution network is necessary 

to sell in bulk quantities. 

Manufacturing Process 

Generally weighed quantity of floor is taken in a mixer. A solution of common salt and carbonates is added in requisite quantity of 

water and the contents are kneaded at maximum speed to get a homogenous lump of the dough. After resting the dough for 30 minutes, it is 

divided into balls. These are pressed into circular discs. Corn starch can be used as dusting material to prevent stickiness. The papads are 

usually dried. After drying, it is packed in various size packing. Lot of 25 or 50 papads is then packed in polythene bags. Papad can be 

manufactured from different varieties of pulses or there could be a combination of pulses as well. Ingredients required for Papad making 

are Black gram, oil, sodium carbonate, flour of Arhar dal. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Process flow chart of Papad making 

Dough formation from various ingredients 

Making small balls from dough 

Pressing 

Sun Drying 

Sealing and Packing 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Production Capacity 

Monthly approximately 250 kg papad can be produced. 

Static Capital Investments: 

A) Land/Infrastructure : 

A person can start his activity in his own house by using Approx. 150 Sq. Ft. carpet area. 

B) Plant/Machinery/Instruments etc. 

Sr. 

Particular Nos. Price (Rs.) 

No. 

B) Plant/Machinery/Instruments etc. 

1 Flour Mill with electric motor 1 17000.00 

2 Set for Papad making 1000.00 

3 Other instruments 1000.00 

4 Installation, foundation etc. 3000.00 

Total : - 22000.00 

C) Office Furniture etc. 

1 Cup board 3000.00 

D) Capital Investment 

Raw Material and wages of labour 3000.00 

Grand Total :- 28000.00 

Production Cost (Monthly) 

1 Raw Material 3500.00 

2 Power fuel charge 200.00 

3 Packing 100.00 

4 Depreciation Cost 200.00 

5 Repair, Storage etc. 100.00 

6 House Rent 250.00 


DWDU, Rajkot 

7 Others 100.00 

Total : - 4450.00 

Total Production (Monthly) 

1. Papad 250 Kg X Rs. 32/Kg 8000 

Cost Benefit Ratio (Monthly) 

Monthly Selling income 8000 

Production Cost 4450 

------------ 

Total monthly income will be Rs. 3550 3550 

The unit can be taken up by landless, small farmer and land with limited farm labour, thus making it most suitable to the project villages, 

and the scheme will be taken up in such a manner that there should be no marketing problem, as they will be consumed directly by the near 

by villages or cities. Training will be provided to the beneficiaries and the content is shown below 

Training Content 

A. Theoretical 

• Introduction to different types of papads. 

• Tools and Equipments used in papad making. 

• Dough making - variations in shapes, size, and flavour. 

• The processes involved in papads making. 

• The hygiene aspects associated with food products. 

• Market development. 

• Addresses of the suppliers of raw materials, & packaging materials. 

B. Practical 

• Raw materials for papad making – the quality and variety. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

• Introduction to the machinery and equipments used. 

• Dough making and the value addition in the form of flavour. 

• Bringing about variations in shapes and sizes. 

• Papad & Chips making – Practical 

• Drying and preservation 

• Cost considerations and waste reduction. 

• Pricing & packaging 

Production System-2: Dairy Buffalo Farming 

Estimated Project cost for Dairy Buffalo farming of one unit 

Farming is a complex, multi-component, interactive process that is dependant in land, animal, human and natural resources as well as 

capital investment. Sustainable agriculture embraces all such aspects of farming system. Small and marginal land holders can reap the 

benefit. In this context live stock is an important component. 

Dairy farming scheme can be taken up in the semi-urban, village and near highway villages, for the sake on transportation, breeding and 

marketing facilities. Since milk is an easily perishable item, it is to be immediately consumed or sold, so the farms needs to be located in 

the consuming centre itself. The scheme provides for purchase of one milch animal, construction of byre, feeding equipments and water 

tank. Cost of feed for one year and the insurance premium for the first year has also been capitalised. The recurring expenditures include 

cost of feed and medicines, water and electricity charges and insurance fees. The concentrated feeds will be supplemented with green 

grasses and fodder tree leaves. 

A. Non – Recurring Expenditure: 

1. Construction of Byre (Cowshed) and feed Godown @ 50 Sq.ft. floor / Buffalo @ Rs. 100 per Sq.ft : Rs. 10000.00 

2. Cost of Water Storage Tank L.S.: Rs. 2,000.00 


DWDU, Rajkot 

3. Cost of equipments i.e. watering trough, milk can, Basin etc. @ Rs. 1125/- per animal 

--------------------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 13125.00 

--------------------------------------------------------- 

B. CAPITALISED EXPENDITURE: 

1. Cost of one dairy buffalo @ Rs. 35,000/- (including transportation) 

2. Veterinary Aids, Medicines, Vaccination, Breeding charge etc. @ Rs. 500/- per animal per year 

3. Cost of Feed for one year @ Rs.8 Kg/ buffalo/ day, @ Rs. 10/- per Kg. conc.: Rs. 29,200.00 

4. Insurance premium @ 6.5% of original cost for 1 Nos. of Buffalo. : Rs. 1,950.00 

5. Water & Electricity charges @ Rs. 30 per buffalo per month: Rs. 360.00 

--------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 67,010.00 

--------------------------------------------- 

C. Total Investment Cost: 

i.e. A + B = Rs. 13125.00 + Rs. 67,010.00 = Rs. 80135.00 

D. Gross Income (for the first one year): 

1. Sale of 2700 lits. of milk average 10 lits./ animal / day for 270 days @ Rs. 20 per lit. of milk: Rs. 54000.00 

2. Sale of manure (dung) @ Rs. 550 per cow per year 

3. Sale of empty Gunny bags: Rs. 450.00 

---------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 55000.00 

---------------------------------------------- 


DWDU, Rajkot 

E. Cost of expenditure for one year: (to be continued by the beneficiary) 

1) Cost of concentrated feed @ 8 Kg/ cow/ day @ Rs. 10/ per Kg. for 365 days: Rs 29,200.00 

2) Cost of Veterinary Aids, medicines, etc. @ Rs. 500/- per animal per year 

3) Water & Electricity charge @ Rs. 30 per animal per month: Rs. 360.00 

4) Insurance premium @ 6.5 % of original Cost: Rs. 1950.00 

----------------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 32,010.00 

----------------------------------------------------- 

F. Net Income (for first one year) 

i.e. D – E = Rs. 55000.00 - Rs. 32010.00 = Rs. 22,990.00 

Note: Assuming the farmer maintaining the same strength of the herd or may add one more animal and at the same production trend, the 

account statement of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th year will be more. 

Assumption and Technical norms 

1. Cost of one Dairy Buffalo: Rs. 35,000.00 

2. Floor space: 50 sq.ft. per cow. 

3. Feed consumption: 8 Kg. concentrate 25 Kg. fodder per day 

4. Feed price : Rs. 10/- per Kg. ( concentrate feed ) 

5. Selling Price of milk : Rs. 20 per litre. 

6. Manure Production : 5 tonnes per animal per year. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

7. Sale of Manure : Rs. 550 

8. Lactation period : 270 days per year. 

9. Average dry period : 95 days. 

10. Land : Considered available free of cost. 

Production System-3: Fodder bank for Watershed villages 

Introduction: 

"The fodder bank technology is a farming practice whereby leguminous shrubs and grass species are grown on a farm to provide 

fodder for livestock sector." It provides a wide range of animal products that are rich in high quality proteins and have the potential as good 

and sustainable sources of income in many areas. Through the dairy cooperative societies, farmers will be supplied with seeds of bajra, 

multi-cut jowar and cowpea for the summer season; multi cut bajra, multi cut jowar and maize for the kharif season and bajra and berseem 

for the rabi season. The demand for fodder seeds was the highest for the rabi season. Farmers cite the availability of green grass in 

abundance during the rains as a reason for their not devoting acreage solely for fodder during the kharif season. The accent of the 

programme during the year was to get across the message of growing a mixture of fodder crops providing complete nutrition for the 

animals. The success of the programme lay in making available quality fodder seeds to farmers. One aspect where we could have done 

better was in getting farmers to try out a mix of fodder crops and devote needed acreage to growing fodder for their animals. The fodder 

bank ensures fodder availability which in turn reduces the distressed migration of the people resulting in sustainable livelihood 

opportunities and enhances natural resource security in the project area. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Objective of a fodder bank: 

1. Build a local fodder bank and organize the distribution of fodder during drought and scarce situation. . 

2. Establish and maintain village fodder farm in the community grazing area, and allocate the community land for fodder production, in 

association with dairy co-operatives. 

3. Control regulates and charge in the community grazing and pastures lands. 

4. Undertake the distribution of fodder seeds and slips in the village. 

Primary problem of the project 

In Panchavada cluster\s villages come under 80% rainfed agriculture and soil is very suitable for fodder crop mainly 

Jowar,Bajara,Mainge and sorghum. So fodder bank play an important role to improve fodder for cattles to solve this problem. Majority of 

farmers own more than 3 ha of land for food and fodder production but lack of sufficient irrigation water has made these lands 

unproductive. The concept of fodder bank can overcome the problem of seasonal feed shortage, migration and poor animal performance. 

It is the milch animal, which is the worst affected during these periods of drought, due to lack of productivity of sufficient fodder and 

water. As a result, the poor are forced to let go with their animals in search of fodder and green pastures to other parts of the state. This 

eventually leads to colossal loss of income generating assets, poor demographic profile of village and low education level of their 

children. 

Even in good years, during harvesting season, the poor tend to sell their crop residue or fodder to earn cash. At such time when supply is 

higher than demand, they are not able to sell fodder at remunerative prices. The same fodder is bought back by them, mostly at higher prices 

during the months of scarcity. 

To meet the critical needs of fodder, especially for the poor families and protect them from inordinately high prices during the summer 

months, fodder banks are proposed to be setup at both the village level. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Feasibility of Fodder Bank: 

A detailed survey and Focused Group Discussion was conducted in Kharachiya,Panchavada,Jangvad and Jasapar watershed area. 

The number and type of cattle as well as the fodder production capacity of the village was collected during door to door survey. In focused 

group discussion several factors like the various types of fodder available locally, the quantity of fodder to be stored in the fodder bank, the 

size of fodder bank, the amount of finances required to operate a fodder bank etc were discussed with the farmers, User group and 

Watershed committee. The fodder bank should be sustainable and towards that, the sale price of fodder should cover operating costs and 

losses in storage. All these decisions were taken jointly with the member of operating fodder bank. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table 42.i .Primary Model for A Fodder Bank 

A 

Total Dairy farmers 39 

No. of adult animals 

No. of Cattle to be catered by one fodder bank. 

No. of calves 

299 36 

Total 335 

Fodder requirement per day (10kg dry fodder for adult 

and 5 kg for calf). 

Fodder requirement for 180 days. 

Fodder available from lands/farms/pasture land (60%) 

Fodder expected from community land 

5025 Kg 

9045 quintal 

5427 quintal 

20 hac *150=3000 quintal 

Cost of cultivation for fodder production (See Table:2) 105000 Rs 

3618-3000=618 quintal 

Remaining requirement for 120 days Total Cost Avg. 

procurement rate in harvesting season, Rs.500 per Qt. 

500*618= Rs.309000/- 

including transportation *.Net Cost of Fodder Production 

"K' (cost of cultivation + Cost of procurement) 

B. Area development for fodder bank Land required Approx. Rs 12000 

3500 m 2 (preferably land will be allotted by Gram 

Panchayat @ Rs.600 per month) 

C. Cl. Fencing + Weighing machine + Small shed + Other tools. Rs.70,000/- 

D. 

Total Cost for Fodder bank (A+B) 

Rs. 3,91,000/- 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no: 42.ii: Cost of cultivation for fodder production 

Cost Detail 

Unit cost 

1. Cost for tillage 4.5 hour*20 hec*400 Rs 36000 

2. Cost for seed 12 kg seed *20 hec *100 Rs 24000 

3. Cost for fertilizer Rs 20,000 

4. Cost for irrigation 

Rs 15,000 

R5. Depreciation cost Rs 10,000 

Total cost for 20 hec Rs. 105,000 

Table No. 42.iii, Revenue and return Details. 

S. No Return Details Cost (in Rs.) 

1 Cost of fodder Per Kg 

= 3,91,100/309000 

1.26 Rs/kg 

2. Selling Price of Fodder Rs 2 /Kg 

3. Net selling Price Rs. 723600/- 

4. Net Profit Rs 227500/- 

Production of Fodder: 

We will produce 3000 quintal fodder from community land of Gram Panchayat and for remaining requirement we can fulfill by two 

ways first one buy the fodder at the time of harvesting and second we can take land on lease agreement from some other government as 

well as private agency. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Technical Support/Assistance: 

To ensure proper technical support for fodder bank and smooth functioning of activities the required technical assistance may be taken from 

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVS), Dept. of Agriculture, Dairy and DWDU. 

Advantages: 

The importance of a fodder bank can be well understood. The fodder banks will provide much needed relief and self-reliance to poor in the 

village especially in drought condition. Specifically, the advantages are:- 

> It will reduce migration during drought condition. 

> Farmers can purchase and sale of fodder at village level, thus doing away with costs incurred by them to carry out these transactions 

at the city market. 

> It can reduce in overall market prices of fodder during the lean season. 

> Ensure availability of fodder during the lean season at affordable and reasonable prices. 

> Reduced distress sale of cattle due to non -availability and / or non-affordability of fodder. 

> Higher incomes for the poor as cattle will have enough fodder even during the lean season 

> Increase employment opportunities at the village level associated with the sale, purchase and storage of fodder. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Production System - 5: Vermi composting unit for Project villages 

Introduction: 

The wide spread problems of soil degradation and desertification are threatening agricultural sustainability. Throughout the project village 

large populations of domestic animals producing large amounts of organic wastes. These organic residues, or ‘waste materials’, can be 

transformed more quickly and into a more useful vermi-compost, available for urban and land application. Nutrients within vermicomposted 

material are readily available to plants, and can be added to agricultural land to improve soil structure and fertility or used as 

good quality and marketable additive to potting soil or plant growth media. The process of composting crop residues using earthworms 

comprise spreading the agricultural wastes and cow dung in layers as 1 m wide and 0.3 m high beds of required length. Earthworms are 

introduced in between the layers @ 350 worms per m 3 of bed volume. The beds are maintained at about 40 - 50% moisture content and a 

temperature of 20 - 30° C by sprinkling water over the beds. The earthworms being voracious eaters consume the biodegradable matter and 

give out a part of the matter as excreta or vermi-castings. The vermi-casting containing nutrients are rich manure for the plants. 

Objectives 

• To train farmers / SHGs in organic farming and vermi-culture. 

• To promote production of vermi-castings as a viable small business venture 

About The Worms 

Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavatius are some of the species for rearing to convert organic wastes into manure. The 

worms feed on any biodegradable matter ranging from coir waste to kitchen garbage and Vermi-composting units are ideally suited to 

locations / units with generation of considerable quantities of organic wastes. One earthworm reaching reproductive age of about six weeks 

lays one egg capsule (containing 7 embryos) every 7 - 10 days. Three to seven worms emerge out of each capsule. Thus, the multiplication 

of worms under optimum growth conditions is very fast. The worms live for about 2 years. Fully grown worms could be separated and 

dried in an oven to make 'worm meal' which is a rich source of protein (70%) for use in animal feed. 

Location 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Kharachiya, Panchavada, Jangvad and Jasapar villages have lots of animal so it can become good composting center as well as good source 

of livelihood. Vermicompost is very suitable for fruit, flower and vegetable as well as cereal crops. It increases quality and quantity of 

product in per unit area. 

Market/Use 

Vermi compost is a valuable input for sustainable agriculture and wasteland development. This also can be used widely in pot culture and 

in home gardens. Several farmers are successfully using vermi-comost. Vermi compost has more nutrient compare to other manures and 

fertilizer so by the use of compost we can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. Vermi compost not only supply nutrient but also improve 

quantity of hormones for plant growth, improves the soil structure leading to increase in water and nutrient holding capacities of soil. 

Components of A Commercial Unit 

Sheds 

Shed is necessary as the temperature in summer is high. We can make it by the use of concrete pillars because this will act as a source of 

income for those in the village who produce pillars. It will prevent wetting of beds due to rain on a windy day. While designing the sheds adequate 

room has to be left around the beds for easy movement of the labour attending to fill and harvest the beds. 

Vermi-beds 

Scientific bed size proposed here is 10mt by 1 mt by 0.3 mt. The whole bed area should be above the ground. The bed should have a uniform 

height over the entire width to the extent possible to avoid low production owing to low bed volumes. The proper bed width should not be more 

that 1.5 m to allow easy access to the centre of the bed. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Land 

About 750 square meter of land is required to set up a vermi compost production unit in each village. It should have at least one super 

structure to cover the 40 beds. It should have an arrangement for watering and other equipments as required because moisture is very 

essential for compost production. Land can be taken from Gram panchayat on lease of at least 10-15 years. 

Seed Stock 

This is very important thing because worms multiply at the rate of 350 worms per m 3 of bed space over a period of 6 month to a year. 

Fencing 

The entire area has to be fenced to prevent the stray animals and other unwanted elements. These could be estimated based on the length 

of the periphery of the farm. 

Water Supply System 

We have to maintain always 50% moisture content, there is need to plan for a water source, lifting mechanism and a system of conveying 

and applying the water to vermi-beds. Drippers with round the clock flow arrangement would be quite handy for continuous supply and 

saving on water. Such a water supply/application system requiring considerable initial investment, however, reduces the operational costs 

on hand watering and proves economical in the long run. The cost of these items depends on the capacity of the unit and the type of water 

supply chosen. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Machinery 

Farm machinery and implements are required for cutting the raw material in small pieces, conveying shredded raw material to the vermisheds, 

loading, unloading, collection of compost, loosening of beds for aeration, shifting of the compost. Costs of providing necessary 

implements and the machinery have to be included in the project cost. 

Table: 42.iv Model of a Vermi-compost Unit for 40 beds of Dimension (10mt*1mt*0.3mt) 

S. No Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.) 

1 Super Structure construction with truss with fencing 128750 

2 Shade net for covering the roof 750 sqrt mt. 25 18750 

3 Binding wire for tying 200 Kg 50 10000 

4 Labour charges for erection of sheds 100 100 10000 

5 Shovels, spades, crowbars, iron baskets etc 15000 

6 Weighing scale (100 kg capacity) 1 2500 2500 

7 Cow dung @ 80kg/m3 96 qtl 250 24000 

8 Worms 200 kg 70 14000 

9 Formation of vermin bed with agro-waste, cow dung and worms 50000 

10 Miscellaneous - - 3000 

11 Training 5000 

12 Total cost - - Rs. 281000 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No-42.v: Returns from vermicomposting 

Benefits 

1. Sale of vermin compost of 120 tones @ Rs.3000/- per ton 120*3000=360,000 Rs 

2. Sale of worms @ 5 kg per ton of compost and Rs. 50 per kg 600*50=30,000 Rs 

3.Total 

3,90,000 Rs/- 

Net benefit 

1,09,000 Rs/- 

Training will be provided to all the stakeholders by KVK and VVK, Rajkot which can be divided in to two categories and shown below. 

A. Theoretical 

• Introduction to Organic Farming 

• Need and the importance of Organic farming 

• Introduction to Composting methods 

• Vermi-culture 

• Earth Worms, nature, identification and selection 

• Vermi-castings 

• Vermi-compost 

• Marketing Avenues 

• Application of vermicomposting 

• Addresses of the suppliers of worms. 

B. Practical 

• Production Methods 

• Raw Materials 

• Site and the type of Infrastructure 

• Tank 


DWDU, Rajkot 

• Vermi-bed 

• Harvest 

• Quality Analysis 

• Storage & Packaging 

• Dos and Don’ts 

Production System – 6 Khadi based industries 

Collaboration with Udyog Bharti 

Demands for cotton textile and readymade garments are on the rise in the state. Incentive Plan was envisaged to step up measures 

like charting upgraded designs, supplying looms and ancillary inputs, building up centres complete with facilities conducive to the trade, 

assistance in advertisement and marketing etc. 

To empower and create opportunities for empowerment in the project villages by creating a new skill, we have a collaboration with 

Udyog Bharti, which mainly is a Khadi based Industry situated in Gondal Taluka, Rajkot. 

Udyog Bharti is a statutory organisation engaged in promoting and developing Khadi and village industries for providing 

employment opportunities in the rural areas, thereby strengthening the rural economy of the distict. It undertakes activities like skill 

improvement, transfer of technology, research & development, marketing, etc., in the process of generating employment/self-employment 

opportunities in rural areas. Training will be provided by Udyog Bharti to around 150 women from the project villages for Khadi 

products/stitching and patch work products for 3 months. 

Training Content 

1. Simple Charkha Operation 

2. Twisting of yarn of different count 

3. Repair and maintenance and general operation of the machine. 

4. Training to keep them updated with latest trends as per changes in design 


DWDU, Rajkot 

5. Productions 

6. Account handling 

Expected Impact, Outcome and Outputs: The impact of such activities is to increase the participation of woman, SC, BPL and young 

people in economic activities. The outcome of the model is to develop micro enterprise development program based on proven models 

which can be implemented through the clusters project villages. The outputs included: (i) establishment of pilot micro enterprises in 

producing khadi based design and providing services, (ii) establishment of a set of good practices in women micro enterprise development 

(iii) trained and well informed women beneficiaries on micro enterprise development, and (iv) an implementation plan for further rollout of 

micro enterprises. 

In order to provide insurance cover to Khadi artisans, a scheme of group insurance in the name of Khadi Karigar will be provided with a 

premium of just Rs 100.The premium will be shared as Rs. 50 central government social security fund, Rs. 25/- by Khadi Institution and 

Rs. 12.50/- each by Khadi artisan and KVIC. The compensation payable under this scheme, Rs. 30,000/- in case of natural death, Rs. 

75,000/- in case of accidental death, Rs. 75,000/- in case of full permanent disability due to accident, and Rs.37,500/- in case of part 

permanent disability due to accident. 

The strategy of reducing poverty by focusing on development of rural micro enterprise is innovative. The project will introduce changes 

and innovations of demonstrated effectiveness in approach, organization and processes, which today constitute a proven strategy for 

supporting rural micro enterprise. 

In particular, empowering micro entrepreneurs to set their own priorities and identify their own needs is an innovation that offers 

significant strategic potential and lays the foundation for an inclusive, participatory and dynamic process of rural development. 

Governance 

• Monthly meeting 

• Accent to co-operatives account to members 

• For any policy or resolution to be passed 


DWDU, Rajkot 

• Enhanced control due to 

-Self management 

-Democratic member control 

-One member one vote 

Membership criteria 

1) The Charkha (machine) will be provided by Udyog Bharti after registration of the member and paying the minimum contribution 

amount (Different subsidy for different group) 

2) Minimum age for a member should be 18 years. 

3) Ready to work in 7-8 hours in a day and complete the given task fortnightly. 

4) The Charkha will be handed over to next member if found unsatisfactory work, to the next member paying the contribution amount 

By-laws of SHGs groups will be valid. 

Capital Requirement and Finance 

Ambar Charkha (will be provided by Khadi Udyog): 9400 x 50 members = 470000 

Training and Administration: 10000 x 4 months = 40000 

Room Rent: 700 per month = 2800 

Training and Exposure: = 24000 

Total: 66800 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Production System – 7: Turmeric Cultivation 

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is used as spice, dye and in cosmetic industry. It is an erect, perennial herb grown as an annual crop. Turmeric 

will be grown in the cluster villages as a rainfed crop depending on location. It comes up well under sparse shade also and can be grown as 

an intercrop. The Agro climatic condition of Gujarat is ideal for cultivation of turmeric. As small cottage industries are on the increase 

where drying, processing and grinding of turmeric can be done, there is tremendous scope in increasing the area under turmeric further. It 

is therefore, proposed to cover an area of 2 Ha. @ Rs. 75,600/- per Ha. totaling a sum of Rs.1.52 lakhs during the project period in two 

villages namely Panchavada and Jasapar. Details of cost estimate and year wise physical and financial break-up is given below. 

Table No-42.vi: Economics of turmeric cultivation in 1ha. Area 

1 Cost of cultivation Rs 75600/- 

2 Production 15 MT 

3 Minimum sale rate Rs. 15/- per Kg 

4 Gross income ( 2x3) Rs. 2,25,000/- 

5 Net profit (4-1) Rs. 149400/- 


DWDU, Rajkot 

SI No. Particulars Qnty Rate Amount 

A-1 Turmeric Seed rhizomes 15 Qtls. Rs.4000/- Rs 60000/- 

2 Organic Manure 6 Qtls. Rs.1200/- Rs.7,200/- 

3 Tools & Implements - - Rs.500/- 

4 Transportation of seed rhizomes organic - - Rs.400/- 

SUB – TOTAL Rs.68100/- 

B-1 Land Preparation 

2 Layout 5 MD Rs.100/- Rs.500/- 

3 Pulverization of Soil 10 MD Rs.100/- Rs.1000/- 

4 Mixing of organic manure & soil 5 MD Rs.100/ Rs.500/- 

5 Furrowing 5 MD Rs.100/ Rs.500/- 

6 Cutting of seed rhizomes & sowing 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/- 

7 Intercultural Operation 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

(I) First weeding & earthing up (May-June) 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

(II) Second weeding & earthing up (July-Aug.) 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

(II) Third weeding & earthing up (Oct-Nov.) 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

SUB – TOTAL Rs.7,500/- 

Total Rs. 75600/- 

In case of turmeric the harvest from the 1st year can be planted insitu in the 2nd year thus minimising the cost of cultivation and increasing 

the profit in 2nd year onwards. 

Strategy for Implementation: 

The Schemes will be fully implemented in a phased manner in a span of three years. The implementation will be done in such a way that a 

selected beneficiary will be given the full benefit at a time so that the chosen unit has a good chance of being financially feasible and will 

earn income for the beneficiary to purchase the necessary food grains. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Production System – 7: Floriculture 

Floriculture industry a lucrative business comprising traditional flowers , cut flowers, pot plants, dry floral crafts and planting materials, 

besides value added products like bouquets, garlands, floral baskets, floral concretes, pot-pour and oils. It has proved to be a highly 

profitable agro-business generating maximum returns per unit area. Flowers like Rose, Marigold can be profitably cultivated. Rose and 

marigold fetch very high prices in the local market. This can be a good alternative and economic crop for the small stakeholders. The 

package of practices for commercial cultivation of these crops has been standardized and technology has been transferred. 

a) Marigold 

Marigold gained popularity amongst farmer and flower dealers on account of its easy culture, wide adaptability, attractive colour, shape, 

size and good keeping quality. Marigold is valued loose flower for making garlands. Besides, it is used as trap crop in the borders to attract 

insects attacking the main crop. Three weeks old seedlings are planted which grows upto a height of 75-90 cm at maturity with deep orange 

or lemon yellow flowers. It is propagated through seeds and cuttings. For better growth and improvement, application of NPK 

@80:40:80kg/ha is recommended. Flowers are plucked when they have attained the full size and it should be done in cool hours of the day 

either in the evening or morning. Good varieties of marigold are Namdhari marigold, First Lady and Pusa Narangi. Pinching of terminal 

leaves was found to significantly increase growth and yield in Pusa Basanti and Pusa Narangi gaindha. Pusa Narangi is mostly preferred 

due to higher flower production. 

Sowing time 

Transplanting 

time 

Flowering time 

Harvesting time 

Mid June Mid July Late rain 

Mid Sept. Mid October Winter 

Jan- Feb. Feb.- March Summer 

Input required 

Picked once in 3 

days; 60 days 

after planting 

Good quality seedlings, nursery to raise seedlings, manpower, manures and fertilizers. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No-42.vii: Economics of Marigold cultivation 

Economics of Marigold cultivation in 1 Hectare 

S.No Particulars Expenditure (Rs.) Income 

1 Land Preparation 7500 - 

2 Seedlings (40000 nos) 20000 - 

3 Sowing/watering etc 15000 - 

4 Farm Yard Manure 15000 - 

5 Application of Fertiliser cost 3125 

6 Ploughing 7000 - 

7 Labour cost for weeding/soil bed 15000 - 

8 Plucking of flowers 7600 

9 Miscellaneous 2000 

Total Expenditure: 84625 

10 Production (Kg/Ha) Rate/Kg Income (Rs) 

11 2500 50 125000 

12 Net Profit 40375 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Activity Flow Chart - Marigold 

Climate (20-32 0 C) 

Sandy Loam 

Propagation 

Seed 

Stem Cutting 

Raising seedlings in open field 

Transplanting (1 month old) 

Spacing (50Cm × 50Cm) 

N:P:K (80:40:80kg/ha) + FYM 15 

tonnes/ha 

Irrigation (once in 4-5 days during dry period) 

Weeding 

Pinching after 40 days of transplanting 

Harvesting 

For Local market packed in cloth, poly 

bags and basket 


DWDU, Rajkot 

b) Sunflower 

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop in India popularly known as “Surajmukhi.” It is one of the fastest growing 

oilseed crops in India. Sunflower being a short duration and day neutral plant is quite suitable to fit in our existing cropping system. 

Sunflower is a major source of vegetable oil in the world. It is used for a variety of cooking purposes. Sunflower seed contains about 48 – 

53 percent edible oil. It is used as nutritious meal for birds and animals. Sunflower has one of the shortest growing seasons of the major 

cash crops. Plants are drought-resistant and grow well in soils ranging in texture from sand to clay. Soils should have good drainage for 

sunflower production. 

Like most field crops, sunflower requires the kind of good seed-bed which results from carrying out a second ploughing if the field is 

planted on a fallow/barren land. By ploughing, only once on already cultivatable land, however, a farmer can reduce his variable costs of 

production. By and large farmers have now adopted improved methods of planting. The crop was initially broadcast done before sunflower 

gained popularity from various institutions. Line planting, however, is now dominant with recommended spacing of 75cm by 50cm and 2 

seeds per hole. An application of P 2 0 5 fertilizer before planting and 60kg/ha of Nitrogen at thinning are recommended. Lower plant 

populations are recommended in areas where rainfall is limited (on average 33,000-45,000 plants per ha in semi-arid areas). However, the 

highest yields and oil percentages are obtained by planting early. Seed can be planted to a maximum depth of 10cm if necessary to reach 

moisture. 

Sunflower harvesting 

Sunflower harvesting, by hand or machine, takes place when the upper leaves have started to dry and the flowers are faded. 

In some cases, especially when the fields are small, it is preferable to harvest the crop before maturity. This decreases the risk of losses 

from attacks by birds and other pests. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Hand harvesting 

Manual harvesting is done by cutting off heads with a knife or clippers. 

If, at harvest time, the moisture content of the seeds is higher than 15 percent, the heads should be pre-dried before threshing. 

Mechanized harvest 

Mechanized harvesting of sunflowers is generally done with combine harvesters designed for wheat, but modified and equipped with a 

sunflower-picker head. 

The work capacity of these machines is about 0.9 h/ha. 

Seed Type 

Name of the hybrids 

KBSH-1, Jwalamukhi, Sungene-85, PAC-36, PAC- 

1091, MLSFH-47 

Name of the varieties 

GAUSUF-15, Morden TNAUSUF-7 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No-42.viii Technical Details of Sunflower Plantation Activities 

Particulars Value 

Crop Name Sunflower 

Plant To Plant Spacing 0.50 mt 

Row to Row Spacing 0.75 mt 

Seed Required 32 Kg Kg 

No. or rows 133 No. 

Cultivation Area(100 X 100) Mt 10000 Sq. Mt 

No. of Plants 3000 Nos. 

Plantation Area 1.00 Ha. 

No. of Plants for 1.00 ha 30000 Nos. 

Gap Filling 20 % 

S. No. Description No. Lengt Width Depth Unit Quantity Rate Amount 

h(m.) (m.) (m.) 

1 Cultivation cost before sowing 100 100 Ha 10000 4850 

2 Providing sunflower seeds(Incl. transportation, loading and 32 Kg 32 225 7200 

unloading 

3 Sowing of sunflower seeds 3200 

4 Irrigation and other miscalleneous cost 35000 

5 Application of fertilizers and fugicides, watering, weeding cost and other 

25000 

treatment etc complete 

6 Threshing and collection of sunflowers 4500 

7 Contigency . 6500 

Total 86250 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Cost Benefit ratio of sunflower plantation 

Total cost of 1 Hactare plantation : Rs.86250 

Total benefit obtained from the sunflower plantation : 

Total Yield from 1 hactare : 980 Kg 

Cost of sunflower seeds in the market : Rs. 117 per Kg 

So, total amount obtained from the sunflower plantation is Rs. 115250 

So, Net Profit will be Rs. 115250-86250 = Rs.29000 per Hactare 

c) Rose Plantation 

Commercial Farming of Rose in Gujarat: The main districts which are having commercial farming of rose are Ahmedabad, Baroda, 

Anand, Surat, Navsari and Valsad. Nowadays Saurashtra farmers have also been motivated for rose farming through watershed activities. 

Varieties of Rose : There are approx. 2000 varieties of roses are available. Some of them are as under. 

1) Miniature (Vaman) Rose : Plants are short, Leaves are small, Planted in buckets(kundas) or around the garden. 

Varities in this types are Baby gold star, Pipilov, Scarlet Jem, Nartaki 

2) Floribanda : big size flowers, flowers are in bunch. 

Varieties : 

White : Iceburg, Summer s now, Hemangini 

Pink : Queen Elisabeth, Junius miss, Delhi prince, Bon bon, Narmada, Rupal 

Orange :Anabel , Flemeko, Zenina, Sunfire, Dipak, Dipika 

Red : Europeana, Marlena, Zizi, Devdaji, Jantar-mantar 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Yellow : Circus, Golden Rain, Mahadev 

Lovender : Mahuva, Milambari, Sushma 

3) Hybrid-Tee : Most adoptable variety in India, big and attractive flowers. 

White : Virgo, Paskali, White masterpiece, Tushar, John of Kienedy, Vite van, Garden party 

Pink : Confidence, Marita Flash, Michel Miland, Pitar Fenkrenfold, First Prize 

Yellow : Garga, Golden giant, Landora, Mubela, Bikaner 

Orange : Arizona, Kolit flame, Just Joy, Super Star, Montezuma 

Red : Papa Miland, Red master piece, krimson Glory, Red devil, Sofia loren, happiness Gladiator 

4) Mixd Colour : Criss of fire, careless love, Granda,American hemirtes 

Poly entha : short plants, long time seed germination 

Velia Gulab : like Velas, Varieties : Casino, Koktel delhi white, purl, lemark tempo, Royal gold 

Climate: Cold and dry atmosphere is best suited for rose planting. Rose can be planted in hot and moist enviroment also but requires more 

scope of disease. 

Soil: Soil with good drain, fertile and medium black soil is suited to rose planting. It can be sown in sandy soil also, but required more 

compost manure. 

Sometimes due to poor drain capacity of black soil, water logging damages rose plants. By improving soil drain capacity, rose 

plants can be sown in heavy black soil also. Rose plants require more sunlight. so it should be sown in place which is open to sunlight. 

Sowing: Digging pits of size 60x60x60 cm in size and it should be open to sunlight upto 10 to 15 days. In the dig soil 6 to 8 kg cow dung 

manure should be mixed. Moreover, 50gm Urea, 100 Gram super phosphate and 50 gram Murate of potash should be mixed. If fungi is 

there, 3 to 5 gm BHC should also be mixed. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Time of sowing: Roses can be sown throughout the year. But it should not be sown in heavy rainfall season like July-August and also not 

in April-May. 

Table No-42.ix: Economic of Rose cultivation in 1 Hectare 

Economic of Rose cultivation in 1 Hectare 

S.No Particulars Expenditure (Rs.) Income 

1 Land Preparation 7500 

2 Seedlings (5000 nos), Rs. 6 per plant 30000 - 

3 Sowing/watering etc 12500 - 

4 Farm Yard Manure 12000 - 

5 Application of Fertiliser cost 2800 

6 Ploughing 7000 - 

7 Labour cost for weeding/soil bed 18000 - 

8 Plucking of flowers(Considering 58 Mandays) 8900 

9 Miscellaneous 2000 

Total Expenditure: 100700 

10 Production (Kg/Ha) Rate Income 

11 1250 120 150000 

Net Profit : 49300 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.43: Details of activities in the CPRs in the project areas 

S. No. 

Name(s) of the 

villages 

CPR particulars Activity proposed Target area under the 

activity (ha) 

Target 

Estimated expenditure 

(Rs.) 

Expected no. of 

beneficiaries 

Kharachiya 

(Jam) 

Panchavda 

Jangavad 

Jasapar 

Waste land Fodder/Phoenix 8.5 1.90 45 

Community 

Pasture land 

Plantation 0.25 0.12 15 

Waste land Jatropha 1 0.34 12 

Waste land 

Lemon/Guava 

Plantaion 

1 1.05 18 

Total for Village 10.75 3.41 90 

Waste land 

Grassland/Gauchar 

development 

2 0.60 35 

Community 

Pasture land 

Fodder 5 1.91 42 


Community Lemon plot 1 1.35 18 

Total for Village 10 4.51 110 

Waste land Afforestation 0.5 0.55 22 

Waste land Fodder/Phoenix 7.6 1.35 28 


Community 

Pasture land 

Fodder Plot 5.4 1.52 35 

Cultivable waste 

land 

Lemon Plot 1 1.35 15 


Community 

Pasture land 

Fodder Plot 5.4 1.52 48 


land 

Lemon plot 1 1.35 20 



DWDU, Rajkot 

Waste 

land/Pasture 

Fodder/Phoenix 6.8 1.35 35 


land 

Afforestation 0.5 0.55 16 


Total for 

project 

54.95 19.41 446 

4.4 Capacity building and Institutional collaboration 

Watershed management and development requires the collaboration of a wide range of farmers’ organizations as well as extension 

and research institutions at various levels. This gives implementers access a wider technical resource base, creates better information flows 

and encourages mutual learning. Watersheds serve as a confluence between lands and communities, providing ample opportunities for 

members to share complementary expertise. A watershed contains producers (farmers), possibly actors that add value to produce, traders 

and consumers information, and education institutions to test their joint efforts to make a difference. Watersheds can be also a good ground 

for learning and demonstration of expertise. 

Scope of capacity building at Project Villages 

• Income Generation Activities 

o Stiching 

o Food Processing 

o Post Harvest management practices Fodder development and Management 

• Crop Information 

• Meteorological Information 

• Alternative Land Use Plan 

• Improved and Scientific agriculture practices 

• Scientific planning of Soil and Moisture conservation 

• Information dissemination on Audio/Video 

• Dairy Development and Management 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 44: Institutes Identified for Capacity Building 

S.No Organisation Training Modules 

1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Targharia and Kutch Rajkot Training in modern and scientific agriculture practices 

2 Farmers training center, Rajkot Better agriculture practices and Organic farming to UGs. 

3 Junagarh Agril. University, Junagarh Training in modern and better agriculture practices 

4 Sadguru Foundation, Dahod Community Mobilization, Geology and Engg structures 

details 

5 BAIF, ANARDE foundation , Rajkot SMC works, Livelihood activities and Animal Husbandry 

development Programmes, SHG and federation level 

training and accounting 

6 Udyog Bharti, Gondal, Rajkot Microenterprise development activities 

7 District industrial center, Rajkot Mechanical training and support training to stakeholders 

8 Forest research center, Rajkot Afforestation and Vermicomposting and agro forestry 

9 SPIPA, Ahmedabad Participatory approach and Engineering aspects in 

watershed 

10 BISAG Space application and Different maps preparation 

Early and ongoing stakeholder collaboration and communication in capacity building is also important from the point viewpoint of 

“leveling the playing field” in anticipation of disputes that may arise. Filling strategic skills/capacity gaps supports Integrated Water 

resources Management, facilitates dispute resolution, and builds practical understanding of the scope of sustainable natural resource 

development challenges and opportunities. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 45: Capacity Building plan 

S. No. Village Project Stakeholders 

Total no. of No. of persons to be No. of training 

persons 

trained 

programmes 


PIA 5 5 4 35000 

WDTs 3 3 4 20500 


UGs 678 272 10 408000 

SHGs 1220 244 5 183000 

WCs 44 44 10 36000 

GPs 20 10 1 3000 

Table no.46: Information, Education and Communication Activities 

S. No. Activity Executing agency Estimated expenditure (Rs.) 

1 Street plays Local drama group 1.526 

2 Video shows DWDU, Rajkot 1.526 

3 

Wall paintings/ Focussed DWDU, Rajkot 

Group discussion 

1.526 

4 Pamphlets and posters DWDU, Rajkot 1.908 

5 Banners and hoardings DWDU, Rajkot 1.145 

Total: 7.63 

Outcome 

Awareness generation and 

making beneficiaries 

accountable for sustainable 

development 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 5 

BUDGETING 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Budgeting 

Table no. 47: Budget at a glance 

Budget Component % of the Budget Rs in Lacs 

Net Project Cost 100 635.90 

-Administrative Costs 10 63.59 

-Monitoring 1 6.36 

-Evaluation 1 6.36 

Preparatory phase: 0 

-Entry point activities 4 25.44 

-Institution and capacity building 5 31.80 

-Detailed Project Report (DPR) 1 6.36 

Watershed Works Phase: 

-Watershed Development works, 50 317.95 

-Livelihood activities for the asset less persons, 10 63.59 

-Production system and micro enterprises 13 82.67 

Consolidation Phase 5 31.80 

Total 100 635.90 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 48: Village wise- component wise budget available under IWMP 

Sl 

no 

Village 

EPA 

Institution 

and CB 

DPR 

Watershed 

development 

Work 

Activity 

Livelihood 

for asset less 

Production 

system and 

Microenterprises 

Consolidation 

1 Kharachiya 3.218 4.023 0.804 40.23 8.046 10.459 4.023 80.46 

Jam 

2 Panchvada 6.540 8.175 1.635 81.755 16.351 21.256 8.175 163.515 

3 Jangvad 8.929 11.161 2.232 111.61 22.323 29.019 11.161 223.23 

4 Jasapar 6.747 8.434 1.686 84.345 16.869 21.929 8.434 168.69 

5 Total 25.434 31.793 6.357 317.94 63.589 82.663 31.793 635.90 

Table no. 49: Village wise gap in funds requirement 

Sl No Village Total cost requirement Total funds available 

under IWMP 

Gap in funds 

requirement 

1 Kharchiya Jam 94.90 80.46 14.44 

2 Panchavda 168.67 163.52 5.15 

3 Jangavad 233.71 223.23 10.48 

4 Jasapar 188.88 168.69 20.19 

5 Total 686.16 635.9 50.26 

Total 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.50: Details of Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes 

S. No. Village Activity to be carried out 

1 Kharchiya Jam 

2 Panchavda 

3 Jangavad 

4 Jasapar 

Fund made available 

to IWMP due to 

convergence (Rs. in 

lakh) 

Reference no. of activity/ 

task/ structure in DPR 

Level at which 

decision for 

convergence 

was taken 

Horticultural plantation 0.12 Forest Department Dist level 

Farm bunding 0.83 MGREGA Dist level 

Community Bio gas 8.74 GEDA Dist level 

Charkha Udyog/Handicraft 4.75 Udyog bharti/SGSY PIA level 

Total 14.44 

Desilting of Check dam 0.25 MGREGA Dist level 

Charkha Udyog/Handicraft 4.75 Udyog bharti/DIC PIA level 

Farm bunding 0.15 MGREGA 

Total 5.15 

Afforestation 0.55 Forest department Dist level 

Pond deepening 0.20 MGREGA Dist level 

Farm bunding 0.23 MGREGA Dist level 

Charkha Udyog/Handicraft 9.5 Udyog bharti/DIC PIA level 

Total 10.48 



Community Bio gas 8.74 GEDA Dist level 

Charkha Udyog/Handicraft 9.5 Udyog Bharti/DIC PIA level 

Total 20.19 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 6 

EXPECTED OUTCOMES 


DWDU, Rajkot 

6.1 Expected Outcomes 

6.1.1 Employment 

This programme also aims simultaneously to improve the living conditions of the abuttant user communities. Employment opportunities 

will be created to the people living in the watershed through different soil and water conservation activities and livelihood activities. Self 

employment would be created by providing the people with cash support in the form of direct livelihood activities like agriculture, animal 

husbandry and micro-enterprise development. 

Table no. 52: Employment in Project area 

s. Names of Wage employment Employment Self employment 

NO. 

Villages No. of mandays No. of beneficiaries No. of beneficiaries 

SC ST Others Wome Total SC ST Others Women Total SC ST Others Women Total 

1 Kharachiya 375 28125 17265 34905 90 0 375 230 465 19 0 75 47 94 

(Jam) 

2 Panchavda 8124 0 19500 13812 27624 108 0 260 184 368 22 0 52 37 74 

3 Jangavad 10677 0 4125 7401 15402 142 0 63 99 205 28 0 14 21 42 

4 Jasapar 8253 0 35700 21526 43953 104 0 482 287 586 25 0 96 60 121 

5 Total 27429 87450 60004 121884 444 0 1180 800 1624 94 0 237 165 331 

6.1.2 Migration 

WSD can open up new opportunities for households to both intensify and extensify production, for example through: 

• Increasing the frequency of cultivation – new water harvesting structures often permits cultivation of a second crop, or ‘life-saving’ 

irrigation of a main crop. 

• Adopting new technologies, such as improved varieties of staple crops, higher levels of input use and higher yields; shifts to the 

cultivation of higher value crops in the project areas expected. 

• Expansion of cultivated areas – soil and water conservation interventions can bring new land into production. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

All of the above tend to generate increased demands for labour. These may be provided initially from farm family sources and 

subsequently by hired labour. Employment opportunities in the local area as mentioned above will ensure lessening seasonal migration 

from the area. 

Table no. 53: Details of seasonal migration from Project area 

SI. No. Names of villages No. of persons migrating No. of days per year of migration 

Pre-project Expected post project Pre-project Expected post 

1 Kharachiya (Jam) 128 102 > 90-120 60 

2. Panchavda 162 130 > 90-120 60 

3 Jangavad 214 171 > 90-120 60 

4 Jasapar 156 125 > 90-120 60 

6.1.3 Ground water table 

As demand for groundwater has gone up, rapid urbanization and land use changes have decreased drastically the already low infiltration rates of 

rainfall into the soil and have diminished the natural recharging of aquifers. The ground water table thus has depleted over the years. 

Substantial opportunities exist for groundwater recharge and water harvesting to supplement water supplies in the Kharachiya, Panchvada, 

Jangvad and Jasapar village. In order to improve the ground water situation it is necessary to artificially recharge the depleted ground water 

aquifers. The available techniques are easy, cost-effective and sustainable in the long term. Many of these can be adopted by the 

individuals and village communities with locally available materials and manpower. Proper water harvesting structures and percolation-tanks 

will be constructed to increase ground water table from 10-12 mt to 6-8 mt in the post project period. 

Table no. 54: Details of average ground water table depth in the project areas (in meters) 

S.No. Names of Villages Sources Pre-Project level Expected Increase/ decrease (Post- 

Project) 

1 Kharachiya Jam, Open wells 10-12 mt. 6-8 mt 

Panchavda, Jangavad and 

Jasapar 

Borewells 80-100 mt 50-70 mt 


DWDU, Rajkot 

6.1.4: Drinking water 

The two villages in the project area totally depend upon Narmada water supply for drinking and other domestic activities as the groundwater 

table is deep. WASMO/Sector Reform has constructed tanks to store water in all the villages. As a result of the watershed activities, it is expected 

that the quantity and quality of drinking water would improve and will be available to villagers from well constructed downstream of checkdams. 

Table no. 55: Status of Drinking water 

Sl. No. 


Villages 

Availability of drinking water (no. of months in a year) 

Quality of drinking water 

Pre-project Expected Post project Pre-project Expected Post-project 

Comments 

1 Kharachiya jam Narmada Pipe line Water available from Well, 

Check dams, PT and Narmda 

2 Panchvada Narmada and Panchayat Water available from Well, 

Well 

Check dams, PT, Bore Well 

and then Narmda Pipe line 

3 Jangavad Narmada and Panchayat Water available from Well, 

Well 


4 Jasapar Narmada and Panchayat 

Well 

Water available from Well, 


Slightly saline Potable 

Low Potable Potable 



6.1. 5: Crops 

Due to additional availability of water in new structures, farmers will be able to grow vegetable crops during non rainy seasons. Even 

after taking rainy season and post rainy season crops into consideration, they will get a good price for vegetables in summer also. 

Mostly farmers with large families will prefer to grow vegetables, as the crops need timely availability of human labor to harvest and 

encash the market potential. The planned earthen bunds and salinity reducing trenches would partially prevent the saline water from the 

sea to mix with the sweet rain water and also help to percolate water underground, and preserve some moisture in the soil. Also the 

proposed soil and water conservation activities will bring more areas under cultivation. New agricultural practices, new technology, 


DWDU, Rajkot 

organic farming etc will be demonstrated in the villages. This will help in additional area coming under cultivation and increasing 

productivity too. The farmers can take more than one season of crops. Different varieties of crops can be taken. 

Table no. 56: Details of crop area and yield in the project areas 


Kharachiya Jam, 

Panchavda, 

Jangavad, Jasapar 

Name of crops 

Pre-project 

Expected Post-project 

Khariff Area (ha) Average Yield (Qtl) per ha. Area (ha) Average Yield per ha 

(Qtl) 

Cotton 3064.4 14.17 3090.42 15.87 

Groundnut 2052.94 11.89 2190.90 12.96 

Fodder 107.2 9.30 109.056 12.09 

Kharachiya Jam, 

Panchavda, 

Jangavad & 

Jasapar 

Rabi 

Wheat 144.55 20.98 230.32 24.80 

Jiru 65.89 12.13 65.10 12.96 

Gram 12.8 13.60 12.25 14.32 

Project total 5447.78 5698.06 

6.1.6 Horticulture 

Table no. 57: Area under horticulture 

S.No. Name of Village Existing area under horticulture (Ha) Area under horticulture proposed to be 

covered through IWMP(Ha) 

1 Kharachiya jam 1.21 4.32 

2 Panchvada 3.24 6.85 

3 Jangavad 3.02 6.74 

4 Jasapar 1.84 5.21 


DWDU, Rajkot 

6.1.7 Vegetative cover 

There is negligible area under tree cover. The village has a forest area of 15.9 ha in the cluster area which consists of only Juliflora Prosopis (ganda 

babool) and other forest trees. Trees like Neem and Lemon are seen on few farm boundaries. It is planned that 40 ha land to be covered under new 

plantation in both villages. 

Table no. 58: Forest/vegetative cover 

S.No. Name of Village Existing area under tree cover (ha) Area under tree cover proposed 

1 Kharachiya Jam 11 12.42 

2 Panchvada 20 36.17 

3 Jangavad 19 39.42 

4 Jasapar 16 38.75 

6.1.8 Livestock 

The village has quite a good of livestock population. These include cows, bullocks, buffaloes, goats, sheep. The interventions like provision 

of good quality cows and buffaloes, the establishment of a fodder bank and other such related activities would spur up the dairy 

development in the village. It is expected that the post project period would see a substantial increase in livestock population and yield 

from them. 

Table no. 59: Details of livestock in the project areas (for fluids please mention in litres, solids in kg and income in Rs.) 

S.No. Name of Village Type of Animal 

Pre-Project 

Expected Post-project 

Remarks 

1 Kharachiya Jam, 

Panchavda, 

Jangavad, 

Jasapar 

No Yield Income No. Yield Income 

Milch-animals 

Cow (per animal/day) 1177 2 24 1201 3.25 32 

Buffalo(per animal/day) 1372 2.5 37 1398 3.5 40 

Goat(Meat:Rs/kg) 375 5 120 512 6.25 180 

Sheep(Meat:Rs/kg) 459 5 90 604 7.15 125 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Linkages 

The direct livelihood activities need good forward and backward support. Without such support system the activities may fail to deliver the 

desired results. These linkages would involve credit, machinery, input supply, marketing, etc. 

Table no. 60: Backward-Forward linkages 

S. No. Project Type of Marketing Facility Pre-project (no.) During the project (no.) Post-project (no.) 


Backward linkages 

Seed certification 

Seed supply system 1 1 

Fertilizer supply system 1 2 

Pesticide supply system 

l_ Credit institutions - Bank-1 Bank-2 

Water supply SSNL Well/Tube well Well/Tube well 

Extension services KVK/ Govt Org KVK/Govt Org. 

Nurseries - 16 21 

Kits/Tools/Machinery suppliers - 974 (Kitchen garden & 

Veterinary kits) 

Price Support system 

Labour 

Any other (please specify) 

Forward linkages 

Harvesting/threshing machinery 

Storage (including cold storage) 

Transport facilities 

Markets / Mandis Collective marketing 

system 

Collective marketing 

system 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Agro and other Industries Papad industries-20 unit 

Packaging-3 unit 

2 

Milk and other collection centres 6 3 9 

Labour 

Any other (please specify) Fodder bank-3 1 

Vermi-compost unit-4 3 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Logical Framework Analysis 

Narrative Summary Indicators Source of verification Assumptions 

Goal: 

Sustainable Development and 

conservation of natural resources with 

the help of Peoples Participation 

Increased Agricultural Production 

and overall development 

Increase in contribution of 

agricultural income to the 

household income 

Objective 1 

Increase soil moisture content 1.1 Less Uncertainty in 

Agricultural Production 

1.2 Farmers take two 

crops in a year 

Output 

Soil moisture content will increase 

Activities 

1.1 Farm bunding 

1-2 Crop demonstration/rotation 

1-3 Organic farming/Mulching 

1.1 Clear growth of vegetation 

cover 

1.2 Certainty in Khariff ,Rabi crop 

1.1 397.37 Ha- Rs 61.25 

1.2 6.76 Ha Rs 8.26 

1.3 7.10 Ha Rs 5.79 

1.1 Discussion with 

Villagers/Farmers 

1.2 Soil testing 

1.3 Physical verification 

Discussion with 

Villagers/Farmers 

1.1 Physical verificatiSon 

1.2 Records in asset register 

1.3 Interferences from GIS 

maps at different times 

Repair and Maintenance and 

taking care of conservation 

structures 

Time to time take care of 

structures 

1.1 Money spent on right 

time 

1.2 Proper scientific methods 

used 


DWDU, Rajkot 

1.4 Measurement Book 1-3 Workers are ready 

1.4 Fields are free from crops 

Objective 2 

Increase irrigation potential 

2.1 Increased irrigated area 

2.2 Increase in L3333333and value 

2.3 More uncultivable lands to be 

brought under agriculture and new 

2.1 Revenue records 

2.2 Patwari map 

2.3 Maps from GIS 

2.1 Judicious use of water 

2.2 Accessibility to common 

and forest lands increased 

with removal of 

plantations 

encroachments and resolution 

of conflicts. 

Output 

Increased irrigation water 

2.1 Increased water table in wells 


2.2 Structures full to its 

2.2 Increase in flow period of 


capacity 

streams 


2.3 Good amount of rainfall 


received 

2.4 Promotion of better 

Irrigation practices like drip 

irrigation 

Activities 

2.1 Nalla/Gully plug 

2-1 21 Nos. 


2.1 Good amount of rainfall 

2.2 Percolation tank 

2.2 14 Nos 


2.1 Size according to 

2.3 Farm ponds 

2.3 57Nos 


catchment and storage volume 


DWDU, Rajkot 

2.4 Repair of old Check dams 

2.4 26 nos 


calculation 

2.5 Check dams 

2.5 95 nos 

2.3 No seepage from structure 

Objective 3 

To improve Soil Quality 

3.1 Agriculture based livelihood 

income generation activities 

3.2 Promotion of organic farming 

Practices 

3.1 Physical verification 3.1 Availability of 

waste/mulching material 

Output 

Quality of Soil improved 

3.1 Agriculture production will 


3.1 Composting material used 

Increase 

3.2 Market Survey 

and refilled according to farm 

3.2 Plantation of fruits and forest 

3.3 Soil testing 

requirement 

species 

3.2 Use it in right time 

Activities 

3.1 Composting 

3.1 4 Nos. 

Physical verification 

3.1 People ready for voluntary 

3.2 Application of Farm yard manure 

3.2 2.1 lakh 

contribution for Biogas 

3.3 Use of FYM enriched with Route 

3.3 1.25 lakh 

Structure 

Phosphate and Bio-Fertilizers 

3.2 Available of cow dung at 

right time 

3.3 Proper maintenance of 

structures 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Objective 4 

To increase fodder availability 

4.1 Increase in the proportion of 

4.1 Survey(Pre and 

4.1 Quality of management of 

households having more security of 

Post) 

common property resources 

fodder 

4.2 Proper distribution of 

4.2 Reduction in drudgery of fodder 

seedling and take care. 

collection especially women 

Out put 

Increased fodder availability 

4.1 Health of live stock improved 

4.1 Expenditure on 

4.1 Proper seedling 

4.2 Expected increase in cattle 

seedling from register 

4.2 Proper care and 

population 

4.2 List of beneficiaries 

maintenance 

4.3 promotion of dairy 

from the register 

development among communities 

Activities 

4.1 Pasture land and grassland will be 

4.1 Rs. 9.87 Spent on fodder 

4.1 WC's Reports 

4.1 Peoples participating 

developed. 

4.2 Verification on farmbunds 

4.2 Expenditure Register 

4.2 Proper variety Selection 

4.2 On farm bunds selected local 

4.3 Resolution in WC's 

4.3 Social fencing 

species and fodder crops 



DWDU, Rajkot 

Objective 5 

5.1 People's participation/women's 

5.1 Women participation enhanced 

Project to be implemented and 

socio-political and economic 

in decision-making of GVCs. 

managed in a democratic and 

empowerment in watershed for 

participatory way ensuring 


equity. 

Output 

5.1 Maintenance of assets and 

5.1 Frequent meetings 

5.1 Proper training provided 

5.1 Community Mobilised 

records by the villagers 

5.2 Training register 

5.2 No biasness in villages 

5.2 Community Trained 

themselves. 

5.3 Increased 

5.3 Better standard of living 

participation 

Activities 

5.1 Formation and strengthening of 

5.1 Increased awareness amongst 

5.1 Farmable socio-cultural 

5.1 No influence of any 

village institutions like women's SHG 

groups/WC/UGs and WCs through 

awareness programmes 

5.2 Formation of fodder banks to 

increase fodder security and promote 

dung development 

5.3 Capapcity building of SHG leaders 

and accounts members 

/farmers/UGs/WCs through 

workshop/meetings 

5.4 Income generation activities. 

women about village resources. 

5.2 Women participation enhanced 

in decision-making of GVCs. 

5.3 Farmers adopt organic farming 

practices 

5.4 Increased household income 

5.5 Improved access to credit to 

livelihood purposes. 

5.6 Gender sensitization of UGs 

and WCs to increase inclusiveness 

conditions at the village 

5.2 Checking registers of 

SHGs 

5.3 Checking passbook of 

groups 

5.4 Physical verification of 


5.5 Posters/banners/meeting 

register 

external agency 

5.2 Smooth flow of funds 

5.3 Access to appropriate 

technology 

5.4 People's Participation and 

positive perception towards 

the programme 

5.5 Awareness campaign 

of group decision making. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 7 

QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Plans for Monitoring and Evaluation 

Quality and Sustainability Issues 

A Web-based CIS System is being developed for monitoring and evaluating the project in its planning & implementation phases. 

The system would be available on a public domain and can be accessed by all the stakeholders of the project. The system shows the 

entire state of Gujarat and all of those areas selected over the next 18 years. Filtering allows the user to zoom onto one particular 

project. Details related to soil type, Land-use classification, inhabitation etc., can be obtained village-wise. Furthermore, survey-number 

wise details related to ownership, irrigation source, yield etc., can also be accessed by the users of the system. This system is being used 

for pooling up the details obtained from the DPR. In other words, the DPR is made available online in the form of a database which will 

help the stakeholders know areas of importance viz., already treated areas/historical works in the area, proposed areas for treatment 

etc., for further treatment and planning. The system would also show the satellite imageries of various years from the project inception 

stage to the project closing stages. This allows the user to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and thereby plan corrective 

measures for the project area. The system would serve as an aiding tool to the planners and evaluators for judging the efficacy of the 

project. 

Yet another component of the Web-based CIS system is the Mobile based Monitoring & Evaluation System, which will help the 

ground staff alias WDTs (Watershed Development Team) to transmit information from the ground level to the central server. Also, any 

higher-up official in charge of the project can obtain information regarding the project area on their mobile phone by means of an SMS. 

The system works in the following manner. The WDT equipped with a GPS instrument marks the latitude-longitude information of 

various treatment areas during the DPR. The probable sites are then transferred onto the central server. During the works phase, any 

progress in the treatment area is reported to the server by means of an SMS by the WDT. Similarly, any nodal officer or higher-up 

official can view the progress in a project by means of summarized reports generated over frequent periods of time. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Vigilance and Monitoring Committees 

1. For every work sanctioned under the Scheme, there should be a local vigilance and monitoring committee, composed of members of the 

locality or village where the work is undertaken, to monitor the progress and quality of work while it is in progress. The Gram Sabha will 

elect the members of this committee and ensure that SC/STs and women are represented on it. 

2. The Implementing Agency should apprise this committee of estimates regarding the work, time frame and quality parameters. The final 

report of the committee should be attached along with the Completion Certificate of the work, and should also be placed at the next 

meeting of the Gram Sabha in the Panchayat where work has been executed. 

3. Local beneficiary committees may also be constituted for effective articulation of their entitlements and their access to them. The PIA 

members will be responsible for ensuring that local monitoring committees/beneficiary committees are constituted. 

Research support in watershed management 

Watershed management requires the support of research. Watershed projects will be used as on-farm sites for research designed and 

implemented with significant involvement of farmers and extension workers to produce site-specific technological solutions. This leads to 

problems in adoption and up-scaling of research findings within specific watersheds. There is also the question of up-scaling technologies 

and approaches beyond a designated watershed. At the same time, researchers will be able to relate research activities to the real problems 

facing farmers or to capture the locally developed or modified technologies. Yet there is a need to give technologies appropriate technical 

and scientific definition and to disseminate them widely. 

Farmer organization and empowerment 

The management of natural resources requires strong and effective farmer organizations. Such organizations empower farmers and 

create a good foundation for the transfer, adoption and use of information on new technologies. They also help in negotiating for inputs at 

favorable prices. 

Strong farmers’ organizations can be a conduit for services that meet felt needs. These needs include information to improve 

production and marketing, credit, and demand driven approaches that ensure ownership and sustainability of interventions. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Farmers’ organization allows the use of participatory approaches that recognize local capacity and indigenous knowledge. It 

incorporates the aspirations and perceptions that influence decision-making, while giving farmers an important role in planning and 

implementation of watershed management activities. Such participation is important for the success, continuity and sustainability of the 

resource management programmes. 

Often a successful watershed knits together many aspects of the people’s lives apart from purely technical issues. Many 

conservation and basic group production initiatives have widened into a social movement dealing with matters such as weddings, funerals, 

care for the elderly and the disadvantaged, and other issues in the community. 

The initial natural resources focus also widens into a set of integrated activities such as the improvement of houses, provision of 

water and electricity, acquisition of improved tools, seeds and livestock, all in the name of watershed management. 

Empowerment of farmers therefore allows farmers to demand services and to ensure the continued role of the state in supporting 

watershed development. 

Use of traditional institutions and indigenous knowledge 

Experience has shown that to effectively reach the farmers and to create viable watershed management options, it is important to 

respect indigenous knowledge and combine it with the formal modern science and technology. Local traditional institutions should be part 

and parcel of the process. For instance, there is a lot of under-used indigenous knowledge about climate, soils, biodiversity and other 

production conditions that confront farmers. A lot of research findings are abstract to extension providers and farmers alike. Such findings 

need to be married with indigenous knowledge and disseminated in a language that farmers and members of traditional institutions can 

understand. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

Plans For Project management: 

The Project management of any watershed programme is very important. It mainly depends upon the community organization and 

the village level institutes. In both Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi, watershed committee and various user groups have been formulated for 

post project operation and maintenance of assets created during project period. Major emphasis will be on equity and sustainable benefit 

of the project even after implementation stage. A proper link-up will be built during project period with various institutes and capacity 

building organization. They will act as a major kingpin during post implementation for scaling up the successful experience during project. 

Watershed Development Fund: 

Such contributions will promote feeling of “ownership” of the programme among stakeholders. This will contribute to sustainable 

outcomes in the long-term. The voluntary contributions are saved in the Watershed Development Fund (WDF) that is to be used for repair, 

maintenance and use of assets created on common land. The contribution of it will comes mainly fund the following: 

Table No. 60. Details of Watershed Development Fund(WDF) 

Sl. No Financial Details Percent Contribution 

1 Natural Resource Management 

For General 10% 

For SC/ST 5% 

2 For Intensive Agriculture, Horticulture and animal Husbandry 

For General 40% 

For SC/ST 20% 


DWDU, Rajkot 

It is planned that for SC/ST, BPL population the contribution will be taken in form of voluntary labour and the fund for labour will be 

diverted to the WDF. 

User Charges: 

Various user groups will be formed in village. These user groups will collect user charges according to the designated rules formed 

during the formation of user group. These funds will be transferred to the WDF funds as per these formulated rules. The secretary of 

watershed committee (WC) shall maintain the records of the following. 


DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 8 

MAPS 


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DWDU, Rajkot

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