Carbon & Water Footprint of Oranges and Strawberries - SAI Platform

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Federal Department of Economic Affairs FDEA Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station AR T Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON WATER USE .................................................................................................... 7 2.2 ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCING COUNTRIES ............................................................................................ 7 2.3 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ORANGES AND STRAWBERRIES ........................................................................ 7 2.4 WATER FOOTPRINT OF ORANGES AND STRAWBERRIES .......................................................................... 8 3 REVIEW OF METHODOLOGY OF WATER USE ................................................................................ 9 3.1 WATER FOOTPRINT OF A PRODUCT / VIRTUAL WATER CONTENT OF A PRODUCT .................................. 9 3.1.1 Definition .......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Calculation of the Virtual Water Content of a Product ..................................................................... 9 3.2 OTHER CONCEPTS TO ASSESS WATER USE IN THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ............................... 10 4 ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCING COUNTRIES ................................................................................ 11 4.1 PRODUCTION OF ORANGES ................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 PRODUCTION OF STRAWBERRIES .......................................................................................................... 11 5 ORANGES .................................................................................................................................................. 13 5.1 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ORANGES ....................................................................................................... 13 5.2 WATER FOOTPRINT OF ORANGES ......................................................................................................... 19 6 STRAWBERRIES ...................................................................................................................................... 22 6.1 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF STRAWBERRIES .............................................................................................. 22 6.2 WATER FOOTPRINT OF STRAWBERRIES ................................................................................................ 27 7 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 30 7.1 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 30 7.2 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ORANGES AND STRAWBERRIES ...................................................................... 30 7.3 WATER FOOTPRINT OF ORANGES AND STRAWBERRIES ........................................................................ 31 8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 32 9 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................................. 34 9.1 REPORT: REVIEW ON THE STATE OF THE ART TO QUANTIFY WATER USE ............................................ 34 9.2 LITERATURE REVIEW CF AND WF: DETAILS ON SOURCES ................................................................... 40 9.2.1 Literature for Oranges Included in the Analysis ............................................................................. 40 9.2.2 Literature for Strawberries Included in the Analysis ...................................................................... 44 9.2.3 Literature for Oranges Excluded from the detailed Analysis .......................................................... 48 9.2.4 Literature for Strawberries Excluded from the detailed Analysis ................................................... 55 9.2.5 Contacted Research Institutes and Researchers for Oranges ......................................................... 61 9.2.6 Contacted Research Institutes and Researchers for Strawberries .................................................. 65 9.3 PRODUCING COUNTRIES: DETAILED DATA ORANGES .......................................................................... 70 9.4 PRODUCING COUNTRIES: DETAILED DATA STRAWBERRIES ................................................................. 74 Carbon and Water Footprint of Oranges and Strawberries. A Literature Review. November 2009 2/76
Federal Department of Economic Affairs FDEA Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station AR T Abbreviations ART CF CH 4 CO 2 CO 2 -eq. FAO FASS GHG IP LCA N 2 O OF SAI Platform USA VWC WF WGWA Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART Carbon Footprint Methane Carbon dioxide CO 2 -equivalents Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations Florida Agricultural Statistics Service Greenhouse Gas Integrated production Life Cycle Assessment Nitrous oxide Organic farming Sustainable Agriculture Initiative Platform United States of America Virtual Water Content Water Footprint Working Group on Water and Agriculture Carbon and Water Footprint of Oranges and Strawberries. A Literature Review. November 2009 3/76
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