Rabies Guide 2010.pdf - the South African Veterinary Council

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TABLE 4: Clinical signs reported in histories submitted for 169 confirmed rabies cases in cattle from September 1987 to December 1999 Clinical sign No. % Abnormal sounds, bellowing 120 71 Salivation 94 56 Aggression 75 44 Behavioural changes 43 25 Chasing chickens, cattle and other animals 26 15 Incoordination, ataxia 23 14 Not eating 22 13 Paralysis, paresis 10 6 Exhausted, collapsed, emaciated 9 5 Vacant expression, fixed stare 9 5 “Nervy”, agitated, sensitive to noise/light 7 4 Hypersexual behaviour 6 4 Convulsions, seizures 6 4 Bit human, other animal 6 4 Central nervous system disorder, confused, “crazy” 5 3 Biting foreign objects 5 3 Running in circles, running aimlessly 5 3 Walking in circles 4 2 Muscle twinges, spasms 4 2 Disappeared for a few days 3 2 Knuckling of fetlocks 3 2 Dumb, dull, lethargic 3 2 Restless 3 2 Difficulty in swallowing 3 2 Pyrexia 2 1 Hydrophobia 2 1 Slack or dropped jaw, jaw paralysis 2 1 Tongue hanging out 2 1 “Bone in the throat” 1 1 Depression 1 1 Unusually tame 1 1 Blind, appeared to be blind 1 1 Vomiting 1 1 20
TABLE 5: Clinical signs reported in histories submitted for 59 confirmed rabies cases in cats from September 1987 to December 1999 Clinical sign No. % Bit human, other animal 28 48 Aggression 25 42 Behavioural changes 16 27 Incoordination, ataxia 7 12 Biting foreign objects 5 9 Salivation 4 7 Slack or dropped jaw, jaw paralysis 4 7 “Nervy”, agitated, sensitive to noise/light 3 5 Disappeared for a few days 3 5 Abnormal vocalisation 3 5 Not eating 3 5 Convulsions, seizures 3 5 Exhausted, collapsed, emaciated 2 3 Self-mutilation, biting itself 1 2 Paralysis, paresis 1 2 Pyrexia 1 2 Restless 1 2 Dumb, dull, lethargic 1 2 Depression 1 2 Unusually tame 1 2 Walking in circles 1 2 Difficulty in swallowing 1 2 21
Page 1: S e c o n d E d i t i o n 2 0 1 0 R
Page 4 and 5: Cover photo: Brain material, staine
Page 6 and 7: TRIBUTE TO GEORGE BISHOP He passed
Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reviewers and cont
Page 10 and 11: RABIES IN SOUTH AFRICA Historical a
Page 12 and 13: Table 1: Cases of rabies-related vi
Page 14 and 15: mongoose cycle accidental victims
Page 16 and 17: Shedding of virus in saliva usually
Page 18 and 19: Fig. 3: The distribution of rabies
Page 20 and 21: Fig. 4: Geographical locations of r
Page 22 and 23: Transmission and epidemiology An un
Page 24 and 25: where rabies awareness is heightene
Page 26 and 27: Plate 12: Inquisitive cattle are of
Page 30 and 31: TABLE 6: Clinical signs reported in
Page 32 and 33: disease control if they suspect tha
Page 34 and 35: Plate 17: Terminal rabies can be co
Page 36 and 37: Plate18: Basic equipment needed for
Page 38 and 39: Reporting procedure and documentati
Page 40 and 41: RABIES IN HUMANS 32 Epidemiology of
Page 42 and 43: isk of transmission during slaughte
Page 44 and 45: 36 Fraudulent vaccines, nerve-tissu
Page 46 and 47: Human antirabies immunoglobulin The
Page 48 and 49: vaccine product be used for an enti
Page 50 and 51: Diagnosing human rabies The clinica
Page 52 and 53: packaging in secure rigid secondary
Page 54 and 55: RABIES LEGISLATION Human rabies and
Page 56 and 57: “All dogs and cats in the Republi
Page 58 and 59: Republic of South Africa Directorat
Page 60 and 61: Bite contact Dog vaccinated by a re
Page 62 and 63: Director: Veterinary Services _____
Page 64 and 65: RABIES CONTROL STRATEGIES 56 It is
Page 66 and 67: less labour-intensive than central-
Page 68 and 69: Additional measures enhancing rabie
Page 70 and 71: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS • How
Page 72 and 73: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. WILKINSON, L. 1988.
Page 74 and 75: 35. BLANCOU, J., AUBERT, M.F.A. & A
Page 76 and 77: of the Advisory Committee on Immuni
Page 78 and 79:
1999. A study of human rabies immun
Page 80 and 81:
72 Control and Hospital Epidemiolog
Page 82 and 83:
Nel, L.H. 2007. Molecular epidemiol
Page 85 and 86:
Appendix 2 1. Assess the risk of t
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