Rabies Guide 2010.pdf - the South African Veterinary Council

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Director: Veterinary Services _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ RABIES RISK NOTIFICATION FORM AND QUARANTINE REQUIREMENTS The risks associated with post-exposure control measures in confirmed rabies contact cases in vaccinated dogs and cats: 1. Animals which have had contact with rabid animals, and have been tested and found to have antibody levels of less than 0,5 IU/ml pose a risk of transmitting rabies to people and other animals, should they become rabid. The owner may be liable for any resultant consequences. The reasons for insufficient immunity include the following: • Vaccine - The use of expired vaccine - The incorrect handling, storage and transport of vaccine • Vaccine administration - Incorrect dosage and route • Animal aspects - Failure to develop adequate immunity (immunosuppression) - Poor condition or diseased when vaccinated or soon afterwards (e.g. distemper, parvo virus infection, biliary fever, internal parasites, etc) - Absence of antibodies (no seroconversion) • Incompatibility of vaccine and the rabies strain • Unreliability of vaccination history - Mistaken or falsified identification of animal - Incorrect vaccine used • Neutralisation of vaccine by maternal antibodies 54 Fig. 10: Rabies risk notification form and quarantine requirements
2. Quarantine requirements • The quarantine period for the animal shall be not less than six months • The facility should be a well designed and constructed dog and cat-proof kennel or cage from which the animal cannot escape during the quarantine period. It should be of sufficient size to house the animal comfortably and hygienically • The facility should be constructed in such a manner that the animal can be properly attended to and the cage cleaned with running water. This facility must be approved by a state veterinarian • Direct contact with the animal by humans and other animals must be avoided at all costs • Gloves must be worn when feeding/providing water to the animal • Veterinary officials shall inspect the facilities as often as required but not less frequently than once a week • If the animal shows any signs of abnormal behaviour or illness, the state veterinarian must be notified immediately • All costs of the quarantine will be incurred by the owner • All members of the family should be vaccinated against rabies according to the recommended schedule I, the undersigned, hereby certify that I fully understand the contents and implications of this rabies risk notification form and could be held liable for any consequences arising from negligence or non-adherence to the conditions mentioned Signed on the_____________________________ day of__________at________________ Signature:__________________________________________________________________ Name:_____________________________________________________________________ Witness 1:________________________________ Witness 2:________________________ Fig. 10: Rabies risk notification form and quarantine requirements (continued) 55
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S e c o n d E d i t i o n 2 0 1 0 R
Page 4 and 5:
Cover photo: Brain material, staine
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TRIBUTE TO GEORGE BISHOP He passed
Page 8 and 9:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reviewers and cont
Page 10 and 11:
RABIES IN SOUTH AFRICA Historical a
Page 12 and 13: Table 1: Cases of rabies-related vi
Page 14 and 15: mongoose cycle accidental victims
Page 16 and 17: Shedding of virus in saliva usually
Page 18 and 19: Fig. 3: The distribution of rabies
Page 20 and 21: Fig. 4: Geographical locations of r
Page 22 and 23: Transmission and epidemiology An un
Page 24 and 25: where rabies awareness is heightene
Page 26 and 27: Plate 12: Inquisitive cattle are of
Page 28 and 29: TABLE 4: Clinical signs reported in
Page 30 and 31: TABLE 6: Clinical signs reported in
Page 32 and 33: disease control if they suspect tha
Page 34 and 35: Plate 17: Terminal rabies can be co
Page 36 and 37: Plate18: Basic equipment needed for
Page 38 and 39: Reporting procedure and documentati
Page 40 and 41: RABIES IN HUMANS 32 Epidemiology of
Page 42 and 43: isk of transmission during slaughte
Page 44 and 45: 36 Fraudulent vaccines, nerve-tissu
Page 46 and 47: Human antirabies immunoglobulin The
Page 48 and 49: vaccine product be used for an enti
Page 50 and 51: Diagnosing human rabies The clinica
Page 52 and 53: packaging in secure rigid secondary
Page 54 and 55: RABIES LEGISLATION Human rabies and
Page 56 and 57: “All dogs and cats in the Republi
Page 58 and 59: Republic of South Africa Directorat
Page 60 and 61: Bite contact Dog vaccinated by a re
Page 64 and 65: RABIES CONTROL STRATEGIES 56 It is
Page 66 and 67: less labour-intensive than central-
Page 68 and 69: Additional measures enhancing rabie
Page 70 and 71: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS • How
Page 72 and 73: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. WILKINSON, L. 1988.
Page 74 and 75: 35. BLANCOU, J., AUBERT, M.F.A. & A
Page 76 and 77: of the Advisory Committee on Immuni
Page 78 and 79: 1999. A study of human rabies immun
Page 80 and 81: 72 Control and Hospital Epidemiolog
Page 82 and 83: Nel, L.H. 2007. Molecular epidemiol
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 2 1. Assess the risk of t
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