Perestroika and Change in Soviet Weapons ... - The Black Vault

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author gratefully notes the critiques and suggestions on earlier drafts made by Steven Popper of RAND and Professor David Holloway of Stanford University. These reviewers unerringly picked out the weakest parts of the argument and the gaps in the factual analysis. Virtually all of their recommendations have been adopted in this revision. ii
CONTENTS PREFCE F A CE.................. iii SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................... v ............................ ix TABLES ........................................ xiii Section I. INTRODUCTION ............................ 1 Main Themes: The Changing Context of Soviet Weapon Acquisition ....................... 1 The Sources of Defense Industry Effectiveness: In Brief ............................... 1 U. THE PLIGHT OF SOVIET CIVILIAN INDUSTRY .... 3 Phases in Defense Industry Support of the Economy ... 3 Sources of Soviet Civilian Industry Problems ........ 3 Goal-Oriented Programs: Borrowing from Defense .... 8 m. THE FAVORED SITUATION OF SOVIET DEFENSE INDUSTRY ................... 10 Effectiveness and Efficiency ................... 10 Military Incentives .......................... 11 Military Industry's Access to Supplies ............. 11 The Political Sources of Effectiveness ............. 13 Defense Industry Governance .................. 15 IV. OVERVIEW OF POLICY ON DEFENSE INDUSTRY CONVERSION ................ 20 Seeking the Magic of the Defense Sector ........... 20 A Conversion Chronology ..................... 20 The Necessity of Conversion Plans ............... 26 Quantifying Conversion ...................... 30 Redrawing Organizational Boundaries and Responsibilities .......................... 33 V. APPROACHES TO CONVERSION ................ 34 Transfer of Plants to Defense Industry ............ 34 Total Conversion of Former Defense Plants ......... 35 Partial Conversion or "Reprofiling' .............. 36 xi A h-
Page 2 and 3: AD-A236 866 C Perestroika and Chang
Page 4 and 5: Unclassified REPORT OcM TATIO PAGE
Page 6 and 7: NTS G3RA&jI D!IC TkB .:: ~~Jus t if
Page 8 and 9: I ] SUMURYK Soviet weapons acquisit
Page 10 and 11: M~and lower tehiasand erde, than Ao
Page 14 and 15: VI. IMPLEMENTING CONVERSION .......
Page 16 and 17: I. INTRODUCTION MAIN THEMS.: THE CH
Page 18 and 19: II. THE PLIGHT OF SOVIET CIVILIAN I
Page 20 and 21: Aflosaales to Chiells. Iry Civiia i
Page 22 and 23: 7 for a simple and powerful reason:
Page 24 and 25: 9H og unit such as an entepris. Man
Page 26 and 27: 11 MILITARY INCENTIVES The highly s
Page 28 and 29: 13 weapons R&D and procurement at t
Page 30 and 31: 15 shift in implementation priority
Page 32 and 33: 17 policy mari a shap break from ea
Page 34 and 35: defense coPlex enterprises by rMyon
Page 36 and 37: 21 Plans for the use of defense cap
Page 38 and 39: 23 out the scale and detail of defe
Page 40 and 41: 25 in 1988 to 27-30 percent in 1988
Page 42 and 43: 27 of this problem of fragmentation
Page 44 and 45: 29 transition to khozrachet] and th
Page 46 and 47: R37.0 billion total volume of deliv
Page 48 and 49: i I 83 output is around 40-45 perce
Page 50 and 51: 35 later came a request for 2300 sy
Page 52 and 53: 37 specialist plants for the produc
Page 54 and 55: z 39 processing equipment. Belousov
Page 56 and 57: 41 products without excellent machi
Page 58 and 59: 43 They harp on the fiat of the def
Page 60 and 61: 45 restrictions will diffuse the al
Page 62 and 63:
I had an uncle in the wholesale and
Page 64 and 65:
44 have any advantages t alLU In a
Page 66 and 67:
51 did not seem to be important eno
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53 that does not allow for the prof
Page 70 and 71:
55 world of defense orders, even if
Page 72 and 73:
57 wholesale trade, the reduction o
Page 74 and 75:
59 high-level managerial attention
Page 76 and 77:
61 aplprximately R20 billion figure
Page 78 and 79:
63 This process of review is made m
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inetis would etsis so long as actua
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IX. THE IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
Page 84 and 85:
S these activities in the same thor
Page 86 and 87:
71 Flaws occurred in determining th
Page 88 and 89:
ensuring the reliabl, functioning o
Page 90 and 91:
75 Technology Problems Soviet milit
Page 92 and 93:
ut m o-hs a vuheno. You cannot make
Page 94 and 95:
79 base. A "worst case scenario and
Page 96 and 97:
81 FrmnWion of the science-industri
Page 98 and 99:
The level of complaints and the evi
Page 100 and 101:
Appendi THE COST OF SOVIET WEAPONS
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[I understanding of Soviet defense
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Ta"l AJ ANNOUNCED AND WflM&IX COST
Page 106 and 107:
Iii ruble cost of R299,000. 13 This
Page 108 and 109:
Soviet Production capabilities have
Page 110 and 111:
96 from 1966-75 and embodied early
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Perestroika and Change in Soviet Weapons ... - The Black Vault

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