Residents' Evacuation Capability in Buildings

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calculate how the introduction of various technical solutions affects the need for assistance. When horizontal evacuation is available the need for assistance will be significantly less in blocks of service flats, but will decrease only to some extent in old people«s homes and group-residential units. In one-storeyed homes for old people almost half the number of residents would need no assistance or only 'a helping hand' in case of an evacuation. In group-dwellings, however, almost nobody of the residents would be able to manage on his or her own in an emergency situation depending on orientation difficulties and risk of resistance. The picture will change in the following way, from Figure 6 to Figure 7. 14 % 50 40 30 Needing no assistance Needing a helping hand Needing assistance from 1 staff Needing assistance from 2 staff 20 10 Service flats Old age homes Group dwellings % 60 Figure 6. Need for assistance in multi-storeyed buildings. 50 40 30 20 10 Service flats Old age homes Group dwellings Figure 7. Calculated need for assistance in one-storeyed buildings. Residents Evacuation Capability in Buildings…., Gun Hallberg, Domotic Lab. KTH, Stockholm 1993
The average need for assistance per resident will decrease to 0.4 in blocks of service flats, 0.7 in old people«s homes and 0.6 in group-residential units. These figures should be compaired with the corresponding figures in multi-storeyed buildings, which are 1.2, 1.3 and 1.2. 15 Safety level in care housing according to the latest proposal of Swedish buildings standards, in practice in 1994. By defining the residents« evacuation capability and the need for assistance in an emergency situation we are able to establish the equivalence of the proposals for the Swedish Building Standards of 1994 (BBR -94). The proposed new building standards consists of regulations and general advice. The regulations are basic requirements of general interest. The general advice in connection with a regulation should make the regulation clearer and give one or two alternative ways to make the requirement fulfilled. There are two types of advice; 'should' and 'may'. The 'should' advice means a recommendation from the authority. Other solutions than those mentioned in the advice may be accepted. The 'may' advice is intended as example of one way among others to fulfil the demand of the regulation. How do the new safety provisions meet the demands for safety measures in various forms of care housing? As an aid for this analysis Table 2 showing the aim of safety measures is used. Fire control According to BBR -94 means of automatic fire alarm is required in buildings disposed of alternative housing, that is care housing. The advice reads; The automatic alarm should consist of smoke detectors giving indication to on-site staff. When staff is not available the alarm should be transmitted to the fire station. The demand for 24 hours staff attendence could not be claimed by the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. As prevention of smoke and fire spread compartmentation is proposed. Like in previous versions of building standards a flat, a ward and an escape route are exemples of such fire compartments. Two separate exits are demanded from common premises. A door separating different parts of an escape route or an escape route from rooms where occupants are expected to know little about the locality, should be self closing. Fire appliances such as delivering conduits should be found in buildings where alternative escape routes occur, e.g. firefighting lifts, horizontal evacuation in ward premises. Protection of people The BBR-94 means considerable improvement of the prerequisites for safe escape or Residents Evacuation Capability in Buildings…., Gun Hallberg, Domotic Lab. KTH, Stockholm 1993
Page 1 and 2: Residents' Evacuation Capability in
Page 3 and 4: 3 VARIOUS FORMS OF CARE HOUSING In
Page 5 and 6: The evacuation capacity of the resi
Page 7 and 8: establishment as a whole, was the m
Page 9 and 10: 9 The variable 'pace of movement' c
Page 11 and 12: 11 % 50 40 30 Needing no assistance
Page 13: nature of the fire threat has been
Page 17 and 18: protection of people should apply t

Residents' Evacuation Capability in Buildings

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