western-queensland-gardening-guide.pdf - South West NRM

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Vegetables Insect pests of curctrrbits (Pumpkin and melon family) Pumpkin beetles The banded pumpkin beetle is orange-yellow, with two large black spots on each wing cover. It is about 6 mm (1/4 inch) long and 3 mm (1/8 inch) broad. The plain pumpkin beetle is slightly larger and more slender, and is uniform yellowish-brown colour. Pumpkin beetles are particularly destructive to the seedlings, flowers and small fruit of curcurbit crops, and the growth of established plants may be checked by the beetles feeding on the leaves, flowers and newly formed fruit. They show a distinct preference for the young leaves and tendrils and often cluster together when feeding. Leaves may be eaten so that only the main veins remain. n the beetles feed on flowers, hit set is affected and when a young fruit is attacked it will wither and fall. The small, oval, yellow eggs are laid on dead leaves or small clods of earth under the food plants. After about 10 days, the long, narrow, cream-coloured larvae hatch and attack the main roots system and subsidiary roots, and the greater part of the body remains outside and may be easily seen when infested roots are ex d. The roots become swollen, discoloured and mis-shapen and plant growth is retarded. The larvae also penetrate the lower surface of fruit which are touching the ground, and produce blemishes through which fungi can enter the tissues, causing rots to develop as the fruit ripens. n fully grown (12 the larvae pupate in the soil and the beetle later emerges. Control Spray with carbaryl (Bugrnaster)at the dilution rate of 0.1 % (1mL per litre) Leaf-eating ladybirds in curcurbits This beetle is oval in shape, about 6 (1/4 inch) long and yellowish-brown in colour. The wing covers are marked with from 24 to 28 conspicuous black spots which distinguish it from the harmless or beneficial ladybirds which are found on other plants. These have fewer or no spots. The leaf-eating ladybird's movements are sluggish and it does not fly readily. The oval, yellowish eggs are laid in clusters on the under surface of foliage or developing fruit. The yellowish 1 ae emerge and feed on nearby leaves. n fully grown these larvae are about 1 cm (1/3 inch) long and the body is profusely covered with dark, many-branched spines, giving a hairy appearance. Pupation occurs on the host plant or in adjacent trash. All stages of this pest may be present on the food plant, mainly the foliage, although flowers and developing fruit may be injured. The beetles feed mainly on the upper surface of the leaves. The larvae are confined to underneath the leaves, destroying the green tissues and leaving veins linked in a grid-like, almost
colourless film. Injury lowers the yield and exposes the maturing fruit to the sun, causing scald. The larvae also damage the rind of the fruit. Con erol Spray with carbaryl (Bugmaster) at a dilution rate of 0.1 %. Fzmgal diseases of curcurbits These usually only occur in ths area in exceptionally wet seasons. Powdery mildew of cucumber and rockmelon This appears as a white fungus growth on sterns, leaf stalks and leaves. Control Spray with oxythioquinox (Morestan) when noticed and thereafter at 7 to 10 days intervals, as necessary. Other suitable fungicides are Triadimefon (Bayleton Garden Fungicide) and Chlorothalonil and Fenarimol (Zero Fungicide). It is good to alternate the use of fungicides to d mise the risk of resistance to fungicides developing. Powdey mildew of marrow and pumpkin This appears as white patches on older leaves and stems, causing loss of foliage. Control Dust with dusting sulphur when the disease appears and weekly thereafter as required. Oxythioquinox (Morestan) or triadimefon (Bayleton Garden Fungicide) are also suitable. - Downy mildm of cucumber and rockmelon This mildew appears as yellow or brown, angular spots, starting on older leaves and causing defoliation. Control Spray with chlorothalonil and fenarimol (Zero Fungicide), mancozeb (Dithane M-45) or zineb (Zineb 80) fungicide spray, when noticed and thereafter at 7 to 10 days intervals, as necessary. This disease is more likely to occur in warm, moist weather. Aphids on vegetables Aphids are small, soft insects, usually green or greenish black, clustered under leaves, or on shoots or flower stalks and buds. Control Spray with dimethoate (Rogor).
Page 1 and 2:
Information Series QI96050 Gardenin
Page 3:
Acknowledgments This booklet is mad
Page 6 and 7:
Chapter 1. Gardening with bore wate
Page 8 and 9: At the neutral pH level, that is 7,
Page 10 and 11: Sulphur can also be a very useful w
Page 12 and 13: Table 1. Recommended pH range a. Fl
Page 14 and 15: Table 2. Australian native plants s
Page 16 and 17: B. Exotic trees, shrubs and creeper
Page 18 and 19: Table 5. Species lists for heavylcl
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2. Growing better lawns Kee
Page 22 and 23: Some of the fertilisers will absorb
Page 24 and 25: fertilised regularly to promote vig
Page 26 and 27: Suitable species This is a big subj
Page 28 and 29: A lot of people water pot plants by
Page 30 and 31: Preparing the hole Dig a hole about
Page 32 and 33: Ferti Iiser A small application of
Page 34 and 35: Plant into deep soil moisture Good
Page 36 and 37: The tree's growing space extends ar
Page 38 and 39: Mulching: For mulching to be effect
Page 40 and 41: Particulars for mulch application S
Page 42 and 43: Fertilising native trees Most nativ
Page 44 and 45: Table 7. Types of fertiliser Note:
Page 46 and 47: Figure 18. Simple home-made guards
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5. Propagation of trees and
Page 50 and 51: Gently water in the seed and keep i
Page 52 and 53: Fertilising: It is necessary to sup
Page 54 and 55: Follow safety warnings Most materia
Page 56 and 57: mite wax scale White wax scale (Gra
Page 60 and 61: Caterpillars or grubs on vegetables
Page 62 and 63: Roses and other flowers Dieback in
Page 64 and 65: an eye dropper or an oil can, injec
Page 66 and 67: I!OS JaAO 6!p pU@ s~)!uJ~) leya~eur
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 8: ich pesticide to use (Ad
Page 70 and 71: Table 12. The easy guide to chemica
Page 72 and 73: Nicotine spray This spray has been
Page 74 and 75: &e%tuce This deters most insects. I
Page 76 and 77: Index Aphids 54 Ants 18 Australian
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