[Luyben] Process Mod.. - Student subdomain for University of Bath

I
4
Xii CONTENTS
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
Part II
Examples of Mathematical Models
of Chemical Engineering Systems
Introduction
Series of Isothermal, Constant-Holdup CSTRs
CSTRs With Variable Holdups
Two Heated Tanks
Gas-Phase, Pressurized CSTR
Nonisothermal CSTR
Single-Component Vaporizer
Multicomponent Flash Drum
Batch Reactor
Reactor With Mass Transfer
Ideal Binary Distillation Column
Multicomponent Nonideal Distillation Column
Batch Distillation With Holdup
pH Systems
3.14.1 Equilibrium-Constant Models
3.14.2 Titration-Curve Method
Problems
Computer Simulation
40
40
41
43
44
45
46
51
54
57
62
64
70
72
74
74
75
77
4 Numerical Methods 89
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Computer Programming 90
4.3 Iterative Convergence Methods 91
4.3.1 Interval Halving 93
4.3.2 Newton-Raphson Method 96
4.3.3 False Position 100
4.3.4 Explicit Convergence Methods 101
4.35 Wegstein 103
4.3.6 Muller Method 103
4.4 Numerical Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations 105
4.4.1 Explicit Numerical Integration Algorithms 106
4.4.2 Implicit Methods 113
Problems 114
5 Simulation Examples
5.1 Gravity-Flow Tank
5.2 Three CSTRs in Series
5.3 Nonisothermal CSTR
5.4 Binary Distillation Column
5.5 Multicomponent Distillation Column
5.6 Variable Pressure Distillation
5.6.1 Approximate Variable-Pressure Model
5.6.2 Rigorous Variable-Pressure Model
116
116
119
124
129
132
141
141
142