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Lectures for Part II: Time Series Models in Finance

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Wrap-up<br />

• Regular variation is a flexible tool <strong>for</strong> model<strong>in</strong>g both dependence<br />

and tail heav<strong>in</strong>ess.<br />

• Useful <strong>for</strong> establish<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t process convergence of heavy-tailed<br />

time series.<br />

• Extremal <strong>in</strong>dex γ < 1 <strong>for</strong> GARCH and γ =1<strong>for</strong> SV.<br />

Unresolved issues related to RV⇔ (LC)<br />

• α = 2n?<br />

• there is an example <strong>for</strong> which X 1 , X 2 > 0, and (c, X 1 ) and (c, X 2 )<br />

have the same limits <strong>for</strong> all c > 0.<br />

• α = 2n−1 and X > 0 (not true <strong>in</strong> general).<br />

MaPhySto Workshop 9/04<br />

104

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