Salt Disposal of Heat-Generating Nuclear Waste

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and international researchers together for the advancement of salt repository science. Workshop topics include recent advances in geochemical experimental and modeling studies, the effect of microbes in the salt environment, and corrosion of package materials in brines. The outcome of the geochemistry workshop will integrate respective research goals with those described in this report. 50
3 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR HLW DISPOSAL IN SALT The information presented in Section 2 summarizes an understanding of and expectations for the thermal, hydrologic, mechanical, and chemical behavior of salt as a disposal medium for HLW. This section discusses the development of a performance-based, directed research program using the PA methodology shown in Figure 9 as a tool. The PA methodology shown in Figure 9 does not simply encompass demonstrations of repository performance and regulatory compliance, which is a more traditional definition of PA. In early stages of repository development, as disposal in a particular geologic medium or with a particular design concept is being considered, the methodology includes analyses that inform the decision maker about what is important for repository performance and what, if any, “data gaps” would need to be filled. Thus, this methodology is the basis for a directed science program that may lead to the development of a repository for HLW. These principles have been applied to several very different disposal concepts that advanced to licensing: WIPP, Yucca Mountain Project, and Greater Confinement Disposal (Cochran and Price 2006). Although these are dissimilar settings and have different controlling regulations, the performance assessment methodology integrates the same key elements. The first step, Performance Goals, establishes overarching boundary conditions, which govern the framework for subsequent strategic choices (Figure 9). The boundary conditions include national and international law and regulatory requirements. The second step, Characterize System, develops the strategic choices that are intended to meet the performance goals. These include the geologic formation, the waste inventory and the concept of disposal. At the time of this report, regulatory performance goals specific to a salt repository for HLW are not available, but one can envision goals similar to those that exist for other repository programs, including the complete containment approach adopted by Germany (Rothfuchs et al. 2010). The second step becomes increasingly important as the repository project moves from concept to implementation and the performance of a particular system must be established. The third step, Identify Scenarios for Analysis, involves the systematic process of evaluating the FEPs associated with the particular site, the concept of operation, and the HLW waste inventory. The next step, Performance Assessment, involves development and implementation of conceptual and mathematical models, and numerical models incorporated into simulation software. One can use the output from this step to inform decisions about compliance with performance goals (upper right hand side of Figure 9) or to inform decisions about a directed science program (lower left hand side of Figure 9). The latter is the objective of this section. Based on experience in the U.S. and collaborations with international peers (e.g., Belgium and Germany), the content of this section follows the process shown in Figure 9 at 51
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SANDIA REPORT SAND2011-0161 Unlimit
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SAND2011-0161 Unlimited Release Pri
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
Page 7 and 8: NOMENCLATURE CFR DOE DRZ EPA FEP HL
Page 9 and 10: 1 INTRODUCTION While the need for i
Page 11 and 12: that deep geologic disposal in salt
Page 13 and 14: To the extent that regulatory guida
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Salt and potash mines in t
Page 17 and 18: steel canisters and horizontal plac
Page 19 and 20: Considerable qualitative support fo
Page 21: Table 2. Qualitative comparison of
Page 24 and 25: Source: Sandia National Laboratorie
Page 26 and 27: 2.2 Salt Repository Design A mine l
Page 28 and 29: placed over the waste canisters for
Page 30 and 31: other possible modes of interferenc
Page 32 and 33: provides frame of reference for sha
Page 34 and 35: Healing conditions are created once
Page 36 and 37: permeability tests on Salado salt s
Page 38 and 39: terms of principal stresses. Stress
Page 40 and 41: Cross-hole and same-hole velocity m
Page 42 and 43: Figure 4. DRZ development and heali
Page 44 and 45: can be limited, changed, or otherwi
Page 46 and 47: natural salt extracted from the rep
Page 48 and 49: The thermal properties of the crush
Page 50 and 51: mechanical behavior and hydraulic p
Page 52 and 53: educing conditions is the reaction
Page 54 and 55: materials would also have an impact
Page 56 and 57: coefficient models exist (e.g., the
Page 60 and 61: a very high level for the purpose o
Page 62 and 63: epresented in the FEP list, undersc
Page 64 and 65: • Response of the modified system
Page 66 and 67: analysis and performance assessment
Page 68 and 69: 4.4 Availability and Movement of Br
Page 70 and 71: Recent developments in Germany and
Page 72 and 73: 6. Damage Induced Permeability. Mec
Page 75 and 76: 5 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Deep
Page 77 and 78: 7. A HLW repository in salt is expe
Page 79 and 80: This analysis only addresses genera
Page 81: enchmarking program would continue
Page 84 and 85: Brodsky, N.S. 1990. Crack Closure a
Page 86 and 87: Grauer, R., B. Knecht, P. Kreis, an
Page 88 and 89: Knipping, B. 1989. Basalt Intrusion
Page 90 and 91: Plummer, L.N., D.L. Parkhurst, G.W.
Page 92 and 93: Wawersik, W.R., and D.W. Hannum. 19
Page 94 and 95: In the FEPs numbering scheme for WI
Page 96 and 97: WIPP FEP ID — FEP Name — Descri
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1 Jack Moody Director, State Minera
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