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Contents<br />

6.5.2. Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176<br />

6.5.3. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177<br />

6.6. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178<br />

7. Implementation Approaches 181<br />

7.1. AST Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182<br />

7.1.1. Implementation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182<br />

7.1.2. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187<br />

7.1.3. Related Work and Implementation Approaches . . . . . 188<br />

7.2. Virtual Machine Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189<br />

7.2.1. Implementation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190<br />

7.2.2. Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197<br />

7.3. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199<br />

8. Evaluation: Performance 201<br />

8.1. Evaluation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202<br />

8.1.1. Evaluation Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202<br />

8.1.2. Experiments and Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202<br />

8.1.3. Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205<br />

8.1.4. Generalizability and Restrictions of Results . . . . . . . . 206<br />

8.2. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207<br />

8.2.1. Precautions for Reliable Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207<br />

8.2.2. Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209<br />

8.3. Baseline Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209<br />

8.4. Ad hoc vs. OMOP Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214<br />

8.5. Assessment of Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 219<br />

8.5.1. OMOP Enforcement Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219<br />

8.5.2. In<strong>here</strong>nt Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221<br />

8.5.3. Customization Constant Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . 223<br />

8.6. Absolute Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227<br />

8.7. Discussion and Threats to Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229<br />

8.8. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232<br />

9. Conclusion and Future Work 235<br />

9.1. Problem and Thesis Statement Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236<br />

9.2. Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237<br />

9.3. Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239<br />

9.4. Overall Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241<br />

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