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8. Evaluation: Performance 31.62 AmbientTalkST 31.62 LRSTM Runtime, normalized to corresponding Ad Hoc implementation, lower is better 10.00 3.16 1.00 10.00 3.16 1.00 Binary Trees Fannkuch Fasta NBody Binary Trees Fannkuch Fasta NBody AST-OMOP on CogVM RoarVM+OMOP (opt) AST-OMOP on CogVM RoarVM+OMOP (opt) Figure 8.5.: Ad hoc vs. OMOP Kernel Benchmarks, logarithmic scale: For the kernel benchmarks, RoarVM+OMOP (opt) implementations show an average slowdown of 28% (min 2%, max 2.6x), which is close to the 17% general overhead for VM support. AST-OMOP on CogVM shows a significantly higher slowdown of 2.8x compared to ad hoc implementations. The RoarVM+OMOP (opt) implementation comes close to the ideal performance of the ad hoc implementations while providing a unifying abstraction. This shows that the OMOP can deliver on par performance when implemented efficiently. 218
8.5. Assessment of Performance Characteristics ceptable in situations where the OMOP significantly simplifies the implementation of concurrent programming concepts or a VM-based solution is not yet available. 8.5. Assessment of Performance Characteristics In order to understand the performance characteristics of the OMOP implementations, different aspects of the changed execution model need to be evaluated. Thus, the overhead of executing a program in the context of the OMOP is evaluated by measuring the cost of reifying operations, i. e., executing them reflectively. Furthermore, the experiments measure the inherent overhead that is introduced by the chosen implementation approach for the OMOP. Finally, the performance impact of the customization constant (cf. Sec. 8.5.3) for the RoarVM+OMOP is measured to determine the cost and benefit of this optimization. 8.5.1. OMOP Enforcement Overhead Context and Rationale In the worst case customizing language behavior by using a MOP has the overhead of performing operations reflectively instead of directly. The OMOP in combination with Smalltalk represents this worst case, because the available metaprogramming facilities require that intercession handlers use reflective operations, which have an inherent overhead. The evaluation needs to determine in which order of magnitude the overhead for these reflective operation lies to assess the practicality. Knowledge of this overhead can guide the implementation of concurrent programming concepts on top of the OMOP and helps explaining their performance. Setup To measure the enforcement overhead, the kernel benchmarks are executed unchanged with enforcement enabled. The code executes within the standard Domain (cf. Fig. 5.1). Thus, the intercession handler only implements standard semantics of the operation they represent. For example, #requestExecOf:on:with:lkup: merely invokes the requested method reflectively, and #readField:of: as well as #write:toField:of: perform the corresponding read or write on the object field. The overhead that is measured by this benchmark is the minimal overhead for a fully customized domain. Domains that customize only subsets of the intercession handler might have lower overhead, especially if the OMOP implementation checks the customization constant (cf. Sec. 7.2.1). 219
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Faculty of Science and Bio-Engineer
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DON’T PANIC
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S A M E N VAT T I N G Over de laats
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C O N T E N T S 1. Introduction 1 1
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Contents 4.4. RoarVM . . . . . . .
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Contents 9.5. Future Work . . . . .
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L I S T O F TA B L E S 2.1. Flynn
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List of Listings 7.2. Applying tran
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1. Introduction of solutions for di
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1. Introduction traded in for bette
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1. Introduction ad hoc implementati
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1. Introduction Chapter 7: Implemen
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1. Introduction and systems [De Kos
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1. Introduction ReBench This disser
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4 E X P E R I M E N TAT I O N P L A
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4.2. SOM: Simple Object Machine SOM
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4.4. RoarVM Table 4.2.: The Smallta
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5 A N O W N E R S H I P - B A S E D
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5.1. Open Implementations and Metao
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5.2. Design of the OMOP metaclass-b
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5.2. Design of the OMOP Meta Level
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5.2. Design of the OMOP set of mech
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5.3. The OMOP By Example The proces
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5.5. Customizations and VM-specific
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5.6. Related Work how to use it to
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5.6. Related Work In ABCL/R2, meta-
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5.7. Summary which owns a set of ob
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B.2. Benchmark Configurations 101 p
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References Joe Armstrong. A history
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References Zoran Budimlic, Aparna C
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References Koen De Bosschere. Proce
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References Michael Haupt, Stefan Ma
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References ISO. ISO/IEC 14882:2011
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References Tim Lindholm, Frank Yell
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References on Modularity In Systems
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References Johan Östlund, Tobias W
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References Tardieu. The asynchronou
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References Matthew J. Sottile, Timo
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References ming in mobile ad hoc ne
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References 3-14, New York, NY, USA,
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