10.5 PREHEATING

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10.8 MATERIAL TEST REPORTS Materials test reports, sometimes can be a very valuable tool for the inspector and welding engineer. These are typically notarized statements and are legally binding. There are typically two types of test reports, ■ ■ a heat analysis and a product analysis. A heat analysis, or mill certificate, is a statement of the chemical analysis and weight percent of the chemical elements present in an ingot or a billet. An ingot and a billet are the customary shapes into which a molten metal is cast. These shapes are the starting points for the manufacture of wrought shapes by the metal-forming process, such as rolling, drawing forging or extrusion.
A product analysis is a statement of the chemical analysis of the end product and is supplied by the manufacturer of the material. These reports can be supplied for any form of material, including wrought products, such as plate, pipe, fittings or tubing, castings and weld filler metals. The product analysis is more useful to the inspector and engineer since it provides a more reliable identification of the actual material being used for new fabrication or repair of existing equipment.
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10.5 PREHEATING
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Preheating
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Preheating
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• Bring temperature up to preheat
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Preheat can be applied using severa
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The temperature of PWHT is selected
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Discussion: However there may also
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Typical PWHT Chart Insertion temper
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PWHT Chart
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT- Local
Page 33 and 34: PWHT- Local
Page 39 and 40: PWHT- Equipments
Page 47 and 48: Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
Page 49 and 50: Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
Page 51 and 52: Other factors can also affect harde
Page 53 and 54: http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?Ar
Page 56 and 57: Welding variables, such as heat inp
Page 58 and 59: Welding- Plate thickness & Weld Geo
Page 60 and 61: Weld Macro- Geometry
Page 66 and 67: The simplest means to determine har
Page 68 and 69: Jominy Bar
Page 70 and 71: Jominy Bar
Page 72 and 73: It may be important for the welding
Page 74 and 75: Typical Hardness Values Table 11—
Page 76 and 77: HIC
Page 78 and 79: HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
Page 80 and 81: TTT Curve
Page 82 and 83: Martensite
Page 86 and 87: Billets/Ingots
Page 98 and 99: Product analysis- Pipe
Page 100 and 101: For the purposes of this publicatio
Page 102 and 103: Ductile to brittle transition tempe
Page 104 and 105: Fracture toughness
Page 106 and 107: Charpy impact testing
Page 108 and 109: Elevated mechanical property testin
Page 110 and 111: Further Reading
Page 112 and 113: Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
Page 114: c) 50% coarse pearlite + 25% bainit
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10.5 PREHEATING

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