A Basis for Action - Commission de l'Ã©thique de la science et de la ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Position Statement of the Commission de l'éthique de la science et de la technologie Leachable – Said of a material from which one or more soluble components can be extracted using a solvent Life cycle – Period consisting of all phases in the life of a product, from design and production to decline, including withdrawal from the market, elimination, and environmental release. Syn.: product life cycle, PLC Lithography – Set of techniques for reproducing the pattern of a structure that is to be manufactured in a resin deposited on the surface of a material Magnetic force microscopy – Scanning probe microscopy* in which a sample with a magnetized surface is scanned with a probe covered in a magnetic material placed within a few nanometers of it in order to obtain an image based on variations in the magnetic field created among the elements present, which correspond to variations in structure Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Medical imaging method that uses magnetic resonance to obtain tomographic images of the distribution of atomic elements like hydrogen. Syn.: magnetic resonance tomography, zeugmatography Metal hydride – Chemical compound resulting from the combination of hydrogen gas with a metal like aluminum or lithium. Syn.: interstitial hydride Micrometer (µm) – International system (SI) unit for measuring length that corresponds to one millionth of a meter, i.e., 10 -6 meter Molecular electronics – Field of electronics that involves the study, design, manufacture, and use of electronic circuits or components assembled from chemical or biological molecules in order to take advantage of their small size and conductive properties. Syn.: moletronics, molectronics Molecular nanotechnology – The controlled mechanical fabrication of molecular structures through a bottom-up approach that consists of assembling them, step by step and molecule by molecule, using specialized devices capable of causing nanoscale chemical reactions and physical phenomena. Syn.: molecular manufacturing, nanomanufacturing, molecular engineering Moore’s law – Observation that the number of transistors a silicon chip can hold doubles every 18 months, proportionately increasing the processing capacity of the microprocessor it supports Mucoviscidosis – Autosomal recessive hereditary disease characterized by the hypersecretion of a highly viscous mucus that clogs the ducts of affected organs, possibly predisposing subjects to fatal respiratory infections. Syn.: cystic fibrosis (in Québec) Multi-walled carbon nanotube – Nanotube consisting of a number of carbon atom sheets wound around themselves to form concentric cylinders. Syn.: multi-wall carbon nanotube, multi-walled nanotube, multi-wall nanotube Mutagenicity – The ability of a biological, physical, or chemical agent to cause mutations in the genetic material of cells Nanobiology – Offshoot of both biology and nanoscience that studies the behavior of elements that are part of living organisms at the nanoscale, and that uses these organisms or imitates their functions to create new materials or devices with particular properties. Syn.: nanobioscience, bionanoscience 90 Ethics and Nanotechnology: A Basis for Action
Position Statement of the Commission de l'éthique de la science et de la technologie Nanobiotechnology – Field that applies nanotechnology to develop tools for manipulating or studying living organisms, or that uses these organisms or simply emulates their functions to create new nanoscale materials or devices with particular properties Nanocomposite material – Material with two or more distinct phases*, at least one of which involves elements with a dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers. Syn.: nanocomposite, NC Nano-divide – Division expected to occur in the near future between groups of individuals, societies, countries, or geographic groups in the acquisition of knowledge and the use of new techniques in areas tied to nanoscience and nanotechnology development Nanoelectronics – Field arising mainly from nanotechnology and electronics research that involves the study, design, fabrication, and use of circuits or electronic components assembled from nanosize elements at the atomic and molecular level for their particular physical properties Nanofabrication – Fabrication of structures containing at least one nanosize element with dimensions between 1 and 100 nanometers Nanofilm – Film less than 100 nanometers thick used mainly, because of its size, to impart particular properties to the material on which it is deposited or in which it is integrated. Syn.: nanoscale film, ultrathin film, nanolayer Nanolithography – Set of techniques for reproducing the pattern of a molecular structure on the surface of a material at the nanoscale. Syn.: nanoscale lithography Nanomachine – Assemblage of molecules in which certain nanosize elements are set in motion when they receive an external signal Nanomaterial – Material comprised of particles with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers that impart particular properties at the nanoscale Nanomaterials – Field of nanotechnology that involves the study and fabrication of materials comprised of particles with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers that impart particular properties at the nanoscale Nanometer (nm) – International system (SI) unit for measuring length that corresponds to 10 -9 meter, i.e., one billionth of a meter Nanometrology – Field of metrology that studies the measurement of nanometric structures and physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale, and also deals with the measuring devices used to evaluate quantities Nano-object – Assemblage of atoms or molecules with at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers that forms a unit with well-defined properties that can be used for a specific purpose. Syn.: nanometric object Nanoparticle – Particle of matter formed of atoms and molecules with one or more dimensions measuring between 1 and 100 nanometers and particular physicochemical properties. Syn.: nanometric particle, nanosize particle, nanosized particle, nanoscale particle Glossary 91
Page 1:
COMMISSION DE L’ÉTHIQUE DE LA SC
Page 4 and 5:
Commission de l’éthique de la sc
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of acronyms.
Page 9:
Position Statement of the Commissio
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67: Position Statement of the Commissio
Page 111 and 112: CONCLUSION It is with great curiosi
Page 113 and 114: GLOSSARY ∗ Atomic force microscop
Page 115: Position Statement of the Commissio
Page 121 and 122: BIBLIOGRAPHY ∗ Sources cited: ABE
Page 143: Position Statement of the Commissio
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX 2 Summary of applications
Page 153 and 154: APPENDIX 3 Proposed taxonomy of the
Page 155 and 156: The Consultation and Information Ac
Page 157 and 158: MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION DE L’É
show all

A Basis for Action - Commission de l'Ã©thique de la science et de la ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?