Addressing Language Access Issues in Your Practice: A Toolkit for ...

39 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS
References
1. All data in this paragraph are from the U.S. Census Bureau.
2. For more information on language proficiency and population in the United States, see The Growing Need for
Language Services, in A Language Services Action Kit, http://www.healthlaw.org/pubs/2003.lepactionkit.html.
3. CAFP’s Language Access Survey, February 2003, 297 Family Physicians and Primary Care Physicians.
4. Wirthlin Worldwide 2002 RWJF Survey.
5. A few such programs include the Medical Schools at Harvard University, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, UCLA, Northwestern, University of Nebraska, University of Rochester, and University of Washington.
6. The Commonwealth Fund 2001 Health Care Quality Survey.
7. Ghandi TK, Franks P, Doescher MP, Saver BG. Disparities in health care by race, ethnicity and language among
the insured. Med Care 2002; 40: 52-9.
8. Carrasquillo O. Patient comprehension of doctor-patient communication on discharge from the emergency
department. J Emerg Med 1997; 15: 1-7.
9. Manson, Language Concordance as a Determinant of Patient Compliance and Emergency Room Use in Patients
with Asthma, Medical Care 1988.
10. Finscella K, Burstin HR, Cook EF, et al. Drug complications in outpatients. JGIM; 15: 149-154.
11. Crane JA. Orav EJ, Brennan TA, Burstin HR. Impact of language barriers on patient satisfaction in an emergency
department. JGIM 1999; 14: 82-87.
12. Wirthlin Worldwide 2002 RWJF Survey.
13. Hampers LC, Cha S, Gutglass DJ, Binns HJ, Krug SE. Language barriers and resource utilization in a pediatric
emergency department. Peds 1999; 103(6): 1253-1256.
14. Bernstein, J et al. Does the use of trained medical interpreters affect ED services, charges and follow-up? Acad
Emer Med, 2000.
15. Officeian News, January 2002, page 6.
16. Harsham P. A misinterpreted word worth $71 million. Med Econ 1984; June: 289-92.