Sergey Boltramovich, Grigory Dudarev, and Vladimir Gorelov ... - Etla

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Cover: Mainos MayDay, Vantaa 2003 ISBN 951-628-383-7 ISSN 0356-7443 Printed in: Tummavuoren Kirjapaino Oy, Vantaa 2003
BOLTRAMOVICH, Sergey – DUDAREV, Grigory – GORELOV, Vladimir, THE MELTING IRON CURTAIN. A Competitive Analysis of the Northwest Russian Metal Cluster. Helsinki: ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 2003, 140 p. (B, ISSN 0356-7443; No. 198). ISBN 951-628-383-7. ABSTRACT: This book presents the Northwest Russian metal industries and the most important companies, and examines their competitiveness and future prospects. Metal industry plays an important role in Northwest Russia. Its share in the industrial output is over 20%. The transition from the socialistic economy to the market economy, and privatization have reshaped the industries. In the Soviet period metal industry produced raw material for domestic munitions, machine building and construction. After the collapse of the domestic demand, metal companies were forced to, and managed to enter the export markets. The book analyzes competitiveness employing the socalled cluster analysis approach. Relatively cheap and abundant raw materials, energy, transportation and labor force are the main components of the cost competitiveness of companies. Production technologies are, however, outdated. Productivity is low and production consists of products with low value added. In principle, the Northwest Russian metal cluster has all the necessary elements needed for a competitive metal cluster. Yet, improving competitiveness requires substantial investments, which would also help to solve environmental problems. Key words: Northwest Russia, metal industry, industrial clusters, competitive advantage, economic growth, industrial policy. BOLTRAMOVICH, Sergey – DUDAREV, Grigory – GORELOV, Vladimir, THE MELTING IRON CURTAIN. A Competitive Analysis of the Northwest Russian Metal Cluster. Helsinki: ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 2003, 140 s. (B, ISSN 0356-7443; No. 198). ISBN 951-628-383-7. TIIVISTELMÄ: Kirjassa esitellään Luoteis-Venäjän metallinjalostuksen eri toimialat ja merkittävimmät yritykset sekä tutkitaan niiden kilpailukykyä ja tulevaisuudennäkymiä. Metallinjalostus on erittäin merkittävässä asemassa Luoteis-Venäjällä. Sen osuus teollisuustuotannosta on yli 20 prosenttia. Siirtyminen sosialistisesta taloudesta markkinatalouteen ja yksityistäminen muovasivat voimakkaasti teollisuutta. Neuvostoaikana pääasiakkaita olivat kotimainen sotatarviketuotanto, koneenrakennus ja rakentaminen. Kun kotimainen kysyntä romahti, metallinjalostajat pelastuivat tunkeutumalla vientimarkkinoille. Kirjassa tutkitaan kilpailukykyä ns. klusterianalyysin avulla. Suhteellisen edulliset, runsaasti saatavilla olevat raaka-aineet, energia ja kuljetukset sekä työvoima antavat yrityksille kustannuskilpailukykyä. Tuotantoteknologia on kuitenkin vanhentunutta, tuottavuus huono ja tuotteet jalostusasteeltaan alhaisia. Periaatteessa Luoteis-Venäjällä on olemassa riittävä perusta kilpailukykyisen metallienjalostusklusterin muodostumiseksi. Kilpailukyvyn parantamiseksi tarvitaan kuitenkin merkittäviä investointeja, joilla myös ympäristöongelmia saataisiin pienennettyä. Avainsanat: Luoteis-Venäjä, metallinjalostus, klusterit, kilpailuetu, taloudellinen kasvu, elinkeinopolitiikka.
Page 1: Sarja B 198 Series ________________
Page 5 and 6: Authors' Preface This study is devo
Page 7 and 8: Contents Summary Yhteenveto 1 Intro
Page 9 and 10: Figure 6.4 Structure of Ownership i
Page 11 and 12: Summary This paper analyses competi
Page 13 and 14: Among the good examples of the curr
Page 15 and 16: were obviously insufficient investm
Page 17 and 18: As we have seen from the analysis o
Page 19 and 20: akennusyritykset. Esimerkiksi Sever
Page 21 and 22: alueellisen keskittymisen skaalavai
Page 23 and 24: lin tärkeimmät markkinat ovat nyt
Page 25 and 26: 2 It is the analysis of these devel
Page 27 and 28: 4 Figure 2.1). In this study this m
Page 29 and 30: 6 tions, high demand and quality co
Page 31 and 32: 8 the mainstream competitiveness li
Page 33 and 34: 10 3 Identification of the Metal Cl
Page 35 and 36: 12 tinuing production, but in 1958
Page 37 and 38: 14 3.2 Ore Resources in Northwest R
Page 39 and 40: 16 Figure 3.2 Exploited Non-ferrous
Page 41 and 42: 18 Besides bauxites aluminum natura
Page 43 and 44: 20 Currently, the main component of
Page 45 and 46: 22 metal substantially decreased ov
Page 47 and 48: 24 Table 3.2 Russian Metallurgy in
Page 49 and 50: 26 Metallurgy’s share in Northwes
Page 51 and 52: 28 the Russian metallurgy industry.
Page 53 and 54:
30 4 International Trade and Positi
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32 for by both a decline in metals
Page 57 and 58:
34 Finally the most detailed (six-d
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36 the import of metal products by
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38 predominance of other imported p
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40 5 Sub-sectors of Metallurgy and
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42 5.2 Ferrous Metallurgy and Metal
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44 both enterprises are located in
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46 Izhora Plants is one of Russia
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48 Table 5.2 The Largest Non-ferrou
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50 technology) and changing its spe
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52 der, and doughs of aluminum and
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54 5.4 Metallurgy Equipment Manufac
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56 with a wide range of technologie
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58 At present, production and distr
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60 plex (integrated) information sy
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62 As yet, there is no network of i
Page 87 and 88:
64 Figure 5.5 Educational and R&D I
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66 specialised R&D potential has gr
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68 Figure 6.1 describes the cluster
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70 Norilsk Nickel is also unsatisfi
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72 the metallurgy and metal-working
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74 crease of specific metal consump
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76 Box 6.1 ISO Certification of Rus
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78 the market changes described abo
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80 Figure 6.5 Structure of Ownershi
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82 Figure 6.6 Dynamics of Employmen
Page 107 and 108:
84 A high proportion of ‘grey’
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86 utilities are capable of getting
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88 environmental data related to po
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90 The Russian government undertake
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92 Thus, in order to maintain or en
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94 training. Still, even now, compa
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96 and not from more efficient envi
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98 • Slow but steady development
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100 crease in production volumes wa
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102 Table A1.2 Major Consumers of F
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104 Prior to 1990, only about 25% o
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106 The domestic market is not so i
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108 centralized system of distribut
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110 Table A2.1 Output of Electric S
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112 Another significant investment
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114 rather than the project’s eco
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116 quired a controlling stake in U
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118 Conclusions The following prere
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120 1. Processing companies that sh
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122 future. In addition, Russian in
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124 scrap metal. At present, the ov
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126 From 1994 to 2000, the number o
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128 Higher export duties have led t
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130 The transport system of Northwe
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132 The plans of the government to
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134 must be noted that navigation t
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136 consumers of metal products, St
Page 161 and 162:
138 18. Ferrous Metallurgy in the R
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140 61. Transport and communication
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Sergey Boltramovich, Grigory Dudarev, and Vladimir Gorelov ... - Etla

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