Sergey Boltramovich, Grigory Dudarev, and Vladimir Gorelov ... - Etla

More documents

Recommendations

Info

9 John Holmes studying the Californian agglomeration went along theoretical lines of transaction cost theory. He rooted flexibility in the division of labour in production and linked that to agglomeration via analysis of the transaction costs associated with the interfirm linkages, i.e. traded exchange. This analysis is parallel to a major trend in business economics, i.e. that of network forms of production. The transaction cost theory is about the allocation through costminimization owing to its concentration on the traded input-output relationships. The evolutionary theory and knowledge based view in the strategic management open the way to understanding “untraded” interdependencies, which does not appear in recorded input-output transactions (Storper, 1997, Storper and Salais, 1992). Another significant challenge and difficulty in the present study was to assess the transition to the market economy and its impact on clusters and competitiveness. In this respect one shall mention the territorial-industrial complexes by Kolosovsky (1969) approach that included creation of both production facilities and a network of specialized higher educational establishments and R&D organizations in the certain region that was a central national and regional industrial policy and planning tool in the Soviet period. Implementation of this approach resulted in the major distortions in the production allocation decisions and, as a result of the on-going changes, the regional industrial landscape is bound to change substantially in Russia. We believe that material presented in our study could shed some light on the processes of re-allocation in the Russian economy. We used also Porter diamond model to assess the regional competitiveness in Northwest Russia. Brown and Brown (1998) examined empirically the structure-conduct-performance paradigm in Russia and found supporting evidence. Therefore we believe that there is at least some evidence that one of the corner stones of the Porter approach, i.e. industrial organization approach is suitable to assess the period of transition.
10 3 Identification of the Metal Cluster of Northwest Russia 3.1 Brief History of the Cluster Before the Soviet Period The first metallurgy and metal-working companies in Northwest Russia date back to the 18th century. They emerged during the times of Peter the Great as a result of the Russian territorial expansion in the Baltic region and army needs in new weapons. The first iron foundries to make cast iron of lake and marsh ores were set up in Olonets (the Republic of Karelia) and on the Sysola River (the Republic of Komi). The first metalworking production – cannon moulding for the Russian army and fleet – was established in Petrozavodsk (the Republic of Karelia). The first enterprises that appeared in St. Petersburg and its surroundings (Liteiny Dvor, from 1720 called the Arsenal, and the Sestroretsk metal works) were established in order to provide the Russian army with weapons. Later, metallurgy production began to expand and develop on the basis of other production facilities, first of all sawmills. For example, Izhora plant that used to specialise on wood sawing, from 1762 started to produce anchors. A number of new plants were established in St. Petersburg during the 19th century: Putilov Plants (now called Kirov Plants), Aleksandrov Plants (now called Proletarian Plants), Baltic Plants, etc. In 1857 the first copper-rolling plant was set up (now called Krasny Vyborzhets). By the beginning of the 20th century steel and metal ware production was concentrated in the state and private plants of St. Petersburg. The industry was characterised by a large share of the foreign capital. The technologies developed in accordance with the world trends. For example, in 1872-1873 open-hearth furnaces were introduced in Obukhov and Putilov Plants; and in 1911-1915 the first electric furnaces were installed there. At the same time, metallurgy companies developed contacts with research institutions that were formed on the basis of specialised departments in the Polytechnical and Mining Institutes. Soviet Period During the Soviet period, metallurgy and metal-working enterprises in Leningrad were reconstructed, new furnaces and rolling mills were
Page 1 and 2: Sarja B 198 Series ________________
Page 3 and 4: BOLTRAMOVICH, Sergey - DUDAREV, Gri
Page 5 and 6: Authors' Preface This study is devo
Page 7 and 8: Contents Summary Yhteenveto 1 Intro
Page 9 and 10: Figure 6.4 Structure of Ownership i
Page 11 and 12: Summary This paper analyses competi
Page 13 and 14: Among the good examples of the curr
Page 15 and 16: were obviously insufficient investm
Page 17 and 18: As we have seen from the analysis o
Page 19 and 20: akennusyritykset. Esimerkiksi Sever
Page 21 and 22: alueellisen keskittymisen skaalavai
Page 23 and 24: lin tärkeimmät markkinat ovat nyt
Page 25 and 26: 2 It is the analysis of these devel
Page 27 and 28: 4 Figure 2.1). In this study this m
Page 29 and 30: 6 tions, high demand and quality co
Page 31: 8 the mainstream competitiveness li
Page 35 and 36: 12 tinuing production, but in 1958
Page 37 and 38: 14 3.2 Ore Resources in Northwest R
Page 39 and 40: 16 Figure 3.2 Exploited Non-ferrous
Page 41 and 42: 18 Besides bauxites aluminum natura
Page 43 and 44: 20 Currently, the main component of
Page 45 and 46: 22 metal substantially decreased ov
Page 47 and 48: 24 Table 3.2 Russian Metallurgy in
Page 49 and 50: 26 Metallurgy’s share in Northwes
Page 51 and 52: 28 the Russian metallurgy industry.
Page 53 and 54: 30 4 International Trade and Positi
Page 55 and 56: 32 for by both a decline in metals
Page 57 and 58: 34 Finally the most detailed (six-d
Page 59 and 60: 36 the import of metal products by
Page 61 and 62: 38 predominance of other imported p
Page 63 and 64: 40 5 Sub-sectors of Metallurgy and
Page 65 and 66: 42 5.2 Ferrous Metallurgy and Metal
Page 67 and 68: 44 both enterprises are located in
Page 69 and 70: 46 Izhora Plants is one of Russia
Page 71 and 72: 48 Table 5.2 The Largest Non-ferrou
Page 73 and 74: 50 technology) and changing its spe
Page 75 and 76: 52 der, and doughs of aluminum and
Page 77 and 78: 54 5.4 Metallurgy Equipment Manufac
Page 79 and 80: 56 with a wide range of technologie
Page 81 and 82: 58 At present, production and distr
Page 83 and 84:
60 plex (integrated) information sy
Page 85 and 86:
62 As yet, there is no network of i
Page 87 and 88:
64 Figure 5.5 Educational and R&D I
Page 89 and 90:
66 specialised R&D potential has gr
Page 91 and 92:
68 Figure 6.1 describes the cluster
Page 93 and 94:
70 Norilsk Nickel is also unsatisfi
Page 95 and 96:
72 the metallurgy and metal-working
Page 97 and 98:
74 crease of specific metal consump
Page 99 and 100:
76 Box 6.1 ISO Certification of Rus
Page 101 and 102:
78 the market changes described abo
Page 103 and 104:
80 Figure 6.5 Structure of Ownershi
Page 105 and 106:
82 Figure 6.6 Dynamics of Employmen
Page 107 and 108:
84 A high proportion of ‘grey’
Page 109 and 110:
86 utilities are capable of getting
Page 111 and 112:
88 environmental data related to po
Page 113 and 114:
90 The Russian government undertake
Page 115 and 116:
92 Thus, in order to maintain or en
Page 117 and 118:
94 training. Still, even now, compa
Page 119 and 120:
96 and not from more efficient envi
Page 121 and 122:
98 • Slow but steady development
Page 123 and 124:
100 crease in production volumes wa
Page 125 and 126:
102 Table A1.2 Major Consumers of F
Page 127 and 128:
104 Prior to 1990, only about 25% o
Page 129 and 130:
106 The domestic market is not so i
Page 131 and 132:
108 centralized system of distribut
Page 133 and 134:
110 Table A2.1 Output of Electric S
Page 135 and 136:
112 Another significant investment
Page 137 and 138:
114 rather than the project’s eco
Page 139 and 140:
116 quired a controlling stake in U
Page 141 and 142:
118 Conclusions The following prere
Page 143 and 144:
120 1. Processing companies that sh
Page 145 and 146:
122 future. In addition, Russian in
Page 147 and 148:
124 scrap metal. At present, the ov
Page 149 and 150:
126 From 1994 to 2000, the number o
Page 151 and 152:
128 Higher export duties have led t
Page 153 and 154:
130 The transport system of Northwe
Page 155 and 156:
132 The plans of the government to
Page 157 and 158:
134 must be noted that navigation t
Page 159 and 160:
136 consumers of metal products, St
Page 161 and 162:
138 18. Ferrous Metallurgy in the R
Page 163:
140 61. Transport and communication
show all

Sergey Boltramovich, Grigory Dudarev, and Vladimir Gorelov ... - Etla

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?