Sergey Boltramovich, Grigory Dudarev, and Vladimir Gorelov ... - Etla

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19 tion, while during the last decade this financing was almost totally discontinued, and the private companies provide funding only for additional surveys within the deposits which have already been prospected. There are no complex large-scale geological projects aimed at finding new deposits and, as a result, depletion of natural resources is not compensated by an increase in new resources, which leads to gradual deterioration of the raw materials base of the Russian metallurgy industry. 3.3 Cluster Structure Northwest Russia possesses substantial metallurgy and metal-working production capacity and infrastructure, including related and supporting industries and well-developed educational and R&D potentials. Products of the cluster are supplied to both domestic and international markets. Figure 3.3 Northwest Russian Metal Cluster Chart Specialty Inputs • • Natural Natural resources resources • • Inherited Inherited capital: capital: - - Industrial Industrial assets assets - - Infrastructure - - Labor Labor force force • • Education Education • • R&D R&D Technologies • • Mining Mining technologies & equipment • • Metallurgy Metallurgy technologies & equipment equipment • • Metal-processing technologies & equipment equipment • • Process Process Automation Primary Goods Intermediary products products • • Iron-ore Iron-ore pellets pellets • • Steel Steel • • Unwrought aluminium aluminium • • Unwrought nickel nickel • • Unwrought copper copper • • Cobalt Cobalt • • Scrap Scrap of of ferrous ferrous and and non- nonferrouferrous metals metals Final Final products products • • Various Various types types of of steels steels for for engineering engineering • • Pipes Pipes • • Steel Steel and and rolled rolled steel steel products products (wire, (wire, nails, nails, ropes, ropes, etc.) etc.) • • Aluminium Aluminiumfoil • • Preprocessed intermediary products products for for engineering Related Industries • • Energy Energy • • Logistics Logistics • • Refractory Refractory Associated Services • • Prospecting • • Banking, Banking, finance, finance, business business consulting, consulting, insurance insurance • • IT IT • • Environmental protection protection Customers Intermediary products products • • Machine-building industries industries (including (including transportation equipment) • • Construction Final Final products products • • Business Business • • Public Public institutions institutions • • Private Private consumers consumers
20 Currently, the main component of the cluster is metallurgy. It assumed this role as a result of structural changes during the Transition period of the Russian economy, which also led to a decline in the machine-building industry and triggered a sharp decrease in the domestic market. However, in the future, when formation of a new structure is complete, there exists a possibility for a reverse trend, whereby the metal-working sub-sector share will grow, as well as the share of final products with higher added value. Despite the diversity of products manufactured by local metallurgy enterprises, only a small part can be referred to as final products. First of all, these are: pipes, wires, foils, pre-processed intermediary products for engineering, etc. The products now dominating Russian companies’ sales are intermediary products: iron-ore pellets, primary metals. The cluster’s primary goods are dominated now by the metallurgy sector, which produces intermediary products competitive on the world market. At the same time, world leaders in metallurgy and metal working aim mainly at the manufacturing of final products with high added value – processed products for engineering. Specialty inputs are the basic production factors in the cluster at present. The current ore-reserves situation in the region was described in the previous section of this paper. It should be added that for Severstal, the only full-cycle metallurgical complex in Northwest Russia, large deposits of coking coals in the Vorkuta area (Republic of Komi) are also of high importance. The region is also characterized by a high concentration of educational and R&D institutions (with some of them serving as basic research centres in the corresponding industries). The main centre of education and R&D is St. Petersburg. The city of Cherepovets (in the Vologda region) also plays an important role, becoming more and more significant in the last years. Despite the decline in the last decade - loss of a qualified work force, decrease in R&D activities, high depreciation of research equipment, etc. – the sector still has significant education and R&D potentials. However, one of competitive advantages lacking in the region is the availability of a specialised labour force. Today, the key factors are quality characteristics, such as educational standards, living priorities, mobility, corporate culture, etc. These changes resulted in lower competitiveness of Russia, and Northwest Russia in particular, on international markets. A generation gap, deterioration of both corporate culture and the social prestige of a job in metallurgy and metal-working industries, resulted in a substantial loss of personnel quality, which
Page 1 and 2: Sarja B 198 Series ________________
Page 3 and 4: BOLTRAMOVICH, Sergey - DUDAREV, Gri
Page 5 and 6: Authors' Preface This study is devo
Page 7 and 8: Contents Summary Yhteenveto 1 Intro
Page 9 and 10: Figure 6.4 Structure of Ownership i
Page 11 and 12: Summary This paper analyses competi
Page 13 and 14: Among the good examples of the curr
Page 15 and 16: were obviously insufficient investm
Page 17 and 18: As we have seen from the analysis o
Page 19 and 20: akennusyritykset. Esimerkiksi Sever
Page 21 and 22: alueellisen keskittymisen skaalavai
Page 23 and 24: lin tärkeimmät markkinat ovat nyt
Page 25 and 26: 2 It is the analysis of these devel
Page 27 and 28: 4 Figure 2.1). In this study this m
Page 29 and 30: 6 tions, high demand and quality co
Page 31 and 32: 8 the mainstream competitiveness li
Page 33 and 34: 10 3 Identification of the Metal Cl
Page 35 and 36: 12 tinuing production, but in 1958
Page 37 and 38: 14 3.2 Ore Resources in Northwest R
Page 39 and 40: 16 Figure 3.2 Exploited Non-ferrous
Page 41: 18 Besides bauxites aluminum natura
Page 45 and 46: 22 metal substantially decreased ov
Page 47 and 48: 24 Table 3.2 Russian Metallurgy in
Page 49 and 50: 26 Metallurgy’s share in Northwes
Page 51 and 52: 28 the Russian metallurgy industry.
Page 53 and 54: 30 4 International Trade and Positi
Page 55 and 56: 32 for by both a decline in metals
Page 57 and 58: 34 Finally the most detailed (six-d
Page 59 and 60: 36 the import of metal products by
Page 61 and 62: 38 predominance of other imported p
Page 63 and 64: 40 5 Sub-sectors of Metallurgy and
Page 65 and 66: 42 5.2 Ferrous Metallurgy and Metal
Page 67 and 68: 44 both enterprises are located in
Page 69 and 70: 46 Izhora Plants is one of Russia
Page 71 and 72: 48 Table 5.2 The Largest Non-ferrou
Page 73 and 74: 50 technology) and changing its spe
Page 75 and 76: 52 der, and doughs of aluminum and
Page 77 and 78: 54 5.4 Metallurgy Equipment Manufac
Page 79 and 80: 56 with a wide range of technologie
Page 81 and 82: 58 At present, production and distr
Page 83 and 84: 60 plex (integrated) information sy
Page 85 and 86: 62 As yet, there is no network of i
Page 87 and 88: 64 Figure 5.5 Educational and R&D I
Page 89 and 90: 66 specialised R&D potential has gr
Page 91 and 92: 68 Figure 6.1 describes the cluster
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70 Norilsk Nickel is also unsatisfi
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72 the metallurgy and metal-working
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74 crease of specific metal consump
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76 Box 6.1 ISO Certification of Rus
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78 the market changes described abo
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80 Figure 6.5 Structure of Ownershi
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82 Figure 6.6 Dynamics of Employmen
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84 A high proportion of ‘grey’
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86 utilities are capable of getting
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88 environmental data related to po
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90 The Russian government undertake
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92 Thus, in order to maintain or en
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94 training. Still, even now, compa
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96 and not from more efficient envi
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98 • Slow but steady development
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100 crease in production volumes wa
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102 Table A1.2 Major Consumers of F
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104 Prior to 1990, only about 25% o
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106 The domestic market is not so i
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108 centralized system of distribut
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110 Table A2.1 Output of Electric S
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112 Another significant investment
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114 rather than the project’s eco
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116 quired a controlling stake in U
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118 Conclusions The following prere
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120 1. Processing companies that sh
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122 future. In addition, Russian in
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124 scrap metal. At present, the ov
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126 From 1994 to 2000, the number o
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128 Higher export duties have led t
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130 The transport system of Northwe
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132 The plans of the government to
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134 must be noted that navigation t
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136 consumers of metal products, St
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138 18. Ferrous Metallurgy in the R
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140 61. Transport and communication
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Sergey Boltramovich, Grigory Dudarev, and Vladimir Gorelov ... - Etla

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