Baobab Monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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ABBREVIATIONS FAO - ICRAF - ICUC - KOH - MSW - NGO - NORAD - RE - RI - SAFIRE - DG - SIDA - WHO - Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Naitons International Centre for Research in Agroforestry International Centre for Underutilised Crops Potassium Hydroxide Malawi Society for Wildlife Non-Governmental Organisation Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Retinol Equivalent Refractive Index Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources Specific Gravity Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency World Health Organisation v
CONTENTS CONTENTS..................................................................................................1 LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................4 LIST OF PLATES........................................................................................5 PREFACE .....................................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................7 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND TAXONOMY ............................8 1.1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................8 1.2 NOMENCLATURE OF BAOBAB................................................................8 1.3 VERNACULAR NAMES OF BAOBAB......................................................11 1.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF BAOBAB ............................................................12 CHAPTER 2. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.........................................14 2.1 BOTANICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION...............................14 2.1.1 The genus Adansonia .................................................................14 2.1.2 Adansonia digitata.......................................................................15 2.2 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY ...................................................................16 2.2.1 Phenology of Adansonia digitata ...............................................16 2.2.2 Pollination ..................................................................................21 2.2.3 Seed dispersal and tree regeneration...........................................22 2.3 CULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BAOBAB ...............................................23 CHAPTER 3. DISTRIBUTION ...............................................................24 3.1 BAOBAB IN AFRICA ............................................................................24 3.2 REGIONAL DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION ..........................................26 3.2.1 West and Central Africa .............................................................26 3.2.2 Northeastern Africa ....................................................................26 3.2.3 Eastern Africa.............................................................................26 3.2.4 Southern Africa ..........................................................................27 3.3 INTRODUCTIONS OUTSIDE AFRICA......................................................27 3.4 DISTRIBUTION OF RELATED SPECIES ...................................................27 CHAPTER 4. PROPERTIES ...................................................................37 4.1 LEAVES...............................................................................................37 4.2 FRUIT PULP .........................................................................................39 4.3 SEEDS .................................................................................................42 4.4 OTHER CONSTITUENTS........................................................................45 4.4.1 Mucilage.....................................................................................45 4.4.2 Pectin..........................................................................................45 4.4.3 Anti-nutritional factors ...............................................................45 4.4.4 Medicinal compounds.................................................................46 CHAPTER 5. UTILISATION..................................................................47 5.1 DOMESTIC FOOD USES AND LOCAL PROCESSING .................................47 5.1.1 Leaves.........................................................................................47 5.1.2 Fruit pulp ....................................................................................48 5.1.3 Seeds...........................................................................................48 1
Page 2 and 3: BAOBAB Adansonia digitata L. Author
Page 4 and 5: DFID/FRP and DISCLAIMERS This publi
Page 8 and 9: 5.2 DOMESTIC NON-FOOD USES, OTHER T
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1.1. NOMENCLAT
Page 12 and 13: PREFACE Tropical fruit trees are im
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND TAXONOM
Page 16 and 17: Table 1.1. Nomenclature of Adansoni
Page 18 and 19: Language Country Name Yao Malawi Ml
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 2. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 2
Page 22 and 23: disc below but divided to half or m
Page 24 and 25: Figure 2.2. Flower of baobab showin
Page 26 and 27: Table 2.1. Phenology of Adansonia s
Page 28 and 29: 2.2.3 Seed dispersal and tree regen
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER 3. DISTRIBUTION 3.1 Baobab
Page 32 and 33: 3.2 Regional diversity and distribu
Page 34 and 35: Plate 1. Large, showy, white flower
Page 36 and 37: Plate 5. A tree retaining its leave
Page 38 and 39: Plates 9 and 10. Holes in trees var
Page 40 and 41: Plate 13. Cosmetics containing baob
Page 42 and 43: Australia and the Victoria River ar
Page 44 and 45: Amino acid A B SD for A % of total
Page 46 and 47: Table 4.4 Chemical composition of b
Page 48 and 49: 4.3 Seeds Seed kernels are widely u
Page 50 and 51: The Baobab Fruit Company (2002) has
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.11. Cyclic fatty acid conte
Page 54 and 55: 5.1.2 Fruit pulp The dry pulp is ei
Page 56 and 57:
5.3 Medicinal uses 5.3.1 Traditiona
Page 58 and 59:
Plate 18. Selling baobab dried leav
Page 60 and 61:
Plate 22. Morphotype ‘Siradie’
Page 62 and 63:
Plates 26 and 27. Morphological var
Page 64 and 65:
Plate 32. Baobab trees intercropped
Page 66 and 67:
The Southern African Natural Produc
Page 68 and 69:
studied. Some initial work is under
Page 70 and 71:
CHAPTER 7. AGROECOLOGY 7.1 Eco-clim
Page 72 and 73:
7.2 Elevation The most common altit
Page 74 and 75:
pretreatment, emergence is 4-6 days
Page 76 and 77:
The Forestry Department of Mali is
Page 78 and 79:
easy to cut while the sickle is use
Page 80 and 81:
9.2 Research and extension contacts
Page 82 and 83:
NIGER - Centre de Semences Foresti
Page 84 and 85:
CHAPTER 10. RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Page 86 and 87:
REFERENCES Abbiw, D. K. (1990) Usef
Page 88 and 89:
Capuron, B. (1960) Contributions à
Page 90 and 91:
Igboeli, L. C., Addy, E. O. H. and
Page 92 and 93:
Palmer, E. and Pitman, N. (1972) Tr
Page 94 and 95:
Toury, J., Lunven, P., Giorgi, K. a
Page 96 and 97:
calyx - the outer whorl of floral e
Page 98 and 99:
ovary superior - with the flower-pa
Page 100 and 101:
INDEX A. alba, 10 A. baobab, 10 A.
Page 102:
Senegal, 8, 11, 22, 23, 24, 26, 51,
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