Baobab Monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Toury, J., Lunven, P., Giorgi, K. and Jacquesson, N. (1957) Adansonia digitata L.: its value to native Africans. Ann. Nutro. Aliment., 2: 99- 102. Villiers, J-F. (1975) Bombacaceae [in French]. Flore du Cameroun, 19: 71- 98, Paris, France. von Carlowitz, P. G. (1991) Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs. ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya. von Maydell, H-J. (1981) Baum-und Straucharten der Sahelzone unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Nutzungsöglichkeiten [in German]. GTZ, Eschborn, Germany. von Maydell, H-J. (1986) Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel: Their Characteristics and Uses. GTZ, Eschborn, Germany WHO (1973) Energy and Protein Requirements. Tech-Rep. 522, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Wickens, G. E. (1982) The baobab – Africa’s upside-down tree. Kew Bulletin, 37: 173-209. Wild, H. (1961) Bombacaceae. Flora Zambesiaca, pp.511-517. London. Williamson, J. (1975) Useful Plants of Malawi. University of Malawi, Limbe. Wilson, R. T. (1988) Vital statistics of the baobab, Adansonia digitata. African Journal of Ecology, 26(3): 197-206. Woolfe, M. L., Chaplin, M. F. and Otchere, G. (1977) Studies on the mucilages extracted from okra fruits (Hibiscus esculentus L.) and baobab leaves (Adansonia digitata L.). Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture, 28: 519-529. Worsfold, W. B. (1899) Portuguese Nyasaland. Sampson Low, Marston and Co. London. 295pp. Yazzie, D., Vanderjagt, D. J., Pastuszyn, A., Okolo, A. and Glew, R. H. (1994) The amino acid and mineral content of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) leaves. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 7: 189-193. 88
GLOSSARY abscission - the normal shedding of leaves, flowers or fruits from a plant at a special separation layer, the abscission zone. acuminate - the shape of a tip or base of a leaf or perianth segment where the part tapers gradually and usually in a concave manner. acute - terminating with a sharp or well-defined angle. androecium - all the male reproductive organs of a flower; the stamens. cf. gynoecium. androphore - a stalk bearing the androecium. aneuploid - refers to the presence of an irregular number of chromosomes, higher or lower than multiples of the haploid number. annual - a plant that completes its life cycle from germination to death within one year. anterior - front; on the front side; away from the axis. anther - the pollen-bearing (terminal) part of the male organs (stamen), borne at the top of a stalk (filament). anthesis - flower bud opening; strictly, the time of expansion of a flower when pollination takes place, but often used to designate the flowering period; the act of flower bud opening. apex - the tip of an organ, the growing point. apical - pertaining to the apex. apiculate - having an short point at the tip. auricle (adj. auriculate) - small ear-like projections at the base of a leaf or leaf-blade or bract. autotetraploid - relating to a plant or cell with four copies of a haploid set. axil - the upper angle formed by the union of a leaf with the stem. axillary - pertaining to the organs in the axil, e.g. buds flowers or inflorescence. axis - the main or central stem of a herbaceous plant or of an inflorescence. basal - borne on or near the base. bisexual - having both sexes present and functional in one flower. blade - the flattened part of a leaf; the lamina. bract - a much-reduced leaf, particularly the small or scale-like leaves in a flower cluster or associated with the flowers; morphologically a foliar organ. bracteole - a secondary bract; a bractlet. buttress - a flange of tissue protruding from the trunk of a tree tapering outwards towards the base. caducous - falling off early, or prematurely, as the sepals in some plants. 89
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BAOBAB Adansonia digitata L. Author
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DFID/FRP and DISCLAIMERS This publi
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ABBREVIATIONS FAO - ICRAF - ICUC -
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5.2 DOMESTIC NON-FOOD USES, OTHER T
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1.1. NOMENCLAT
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PREFACE Tropical fruit trees are im
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND TAXONOM
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Table 1.1. Nomenclature of Adansoni
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Language Country Name Yao Malawi Ml
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CHAPTER 2. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 2
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disc below but divided to half or m
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Figure 2.2. Flower of baobab showin
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Table 2.1. Phenology of Adansonia s
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2.2.3 Seed dispersal and tree regen
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CHAPTER 3. DISTRIBUTION 3.1 Baobab
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3.2 Regional diversity and distribu
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Plate 1. Large, showy, white flower
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Plate 5. A tree retaining its leave
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Plates 9 and 10. Holes in trees var
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Plate 13. Cosmetics containing baob
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Australia and the Victoria River ar
Page 44 and 45: Amino acid A B SD for A % of total
Page 46 and 47: Table 4.4 Chemical composition of b
Page 48 and 49: 4.3 Seeds Seed kernels are widely u
Page 50 and 51: The Baobab Fruit Company (2002) has
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.11. Cyclic fatty acid conte
Page 54 and 55: 5.1.2 Fruit pulp The dry pulp is ei
Page 56 and 57: 5.3 Medicinal uses 5.3.1 Traditiona
Page 58 and 59: Plate 18. Selling baobab dried leav
Page 60 and 61: Plate 22. Morphotype ‘Siradie’
Page 62 and 63: Plates 26 and 27. Morphological var
Page 64 and 65: Plate 32. Baobab trees intercropped
Page 66 and 67: The Southern African Natural Produc
Page 68 and 69: studied. Some initial work is under
Page 70 and 71: CHAPTER 7. AGROECOLOGY 7.1 Eco-clim
Page 72 and 73: 7.2 Elevation The most common altit
Page 74 and 75: pretreatment, emergence is 4-6 days
Page 76 and 77: The Forestry Department of Mali is
Page 78 and 79: easy to cut while the sickle is use
Page 80 and 81: 9.2 Research and extension contacts
Page 82 and 83: NIGER - Centre de Semences Foresti
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER 10. RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Page 86 and 87: REFERENCES Abbiw, D. K. (1990) Usef
Page 88 and 89: Capuron, B. (1960) Contributions à
Page 90 and 91: Igboeli, L. C., Addy, E. O. H. and
Page 92 and 93: Palmer, E. and Pitman, N. (1972) Tr
Page 96 and 97: calyx - the outer whorl of floral e
Page 98 and 99: ovary superior - with the flower-pa
Page 100 and 101: INDEX A. alba, 10 A. baobab, 10 A.
Page 102: Senegal, 8, 11, 22, 23, 24, 26, 51,
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