Nuclear Warfare - ISNAP

Nuclear Warfare
PHYSICS 20061, SS2010 ,
Michael Wiescher

Lecturers
Qian Li
Michael Wiescher, Physics
Luc Reydams, Law

28,800: The total number of intact nuclear warheads retained by the United States and Russia.
30,000: Number of intact nuclear warheads throughout the world. 17,500 of these are operational.
128,000+: Estimated number of nuclear warheads built worldwide since 1945.
All but 2 percent of these nuclear warheads have been built by the
United States (55 % or 70,000+) and Russia (43 % or 55,000+).
10,729: Total number of intact U.S. nuclear warheads (274 warheads are awaiting dismantlement)
10,455: Total warheads in the U.S. stockpile
~7,000: Number of operational strategic U.S. nuclear weapons
~1,600: Number of U.S. tactical nuclear weapons (~800 of these are operational)
8,400: Total number of operational nuclear warheads in Russian arsenal
5,000: Approximate number of Russian strategic nuclear weapons
3,400: Approximate number of operational Russian tactical nuclear weapons
(total tactical arsenal said to comprise as many as 10,000+ weapons)
3,500: Approximate number of strategic U.S. nuclear weapons, year 2003 under START II.
3,000: Approximate number of strategic Russian nuclear weapons, year 2003 under START II.
~2,000: Maximum number of deployed strategic nuclear weapons that will remain in the U.S.
and Russian arsenals by 2012
( The Treaty of Moscow (also known as SORT) signed by U.S. President George W. Bush
and Russian President Vladimir Putin in May 2002.
10,000: The number of warheads the United States will retain in 2012
(essentially the same number as today)
Fact Sheet
$3.5 trillion: Amount the United States spent between 1940 and 1995 to prepare to fight a nuclear war.
$27 billion: Amount the United States spends annually to prepare to fight a nuclear war.
$2.2 2 billion:
Cost for one B-2 2bomber b (21 were authorized dby Congress).
$2.5 billion: The lifecycle cost of each B-2 (RDT&E, procurement, operations, maintenance, support).
The figures cited above were gathered with the aid of resources from the National Resources Defense Council
(NRDC) www.nrdc.org and the Secretary of Defense Office http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/index.htm

The History of
warfare in the
20 th century

The Physics
of the bomb
b

Technical Design of Bomb
Fat Man.exe
Little Boy.exe

Popularization of the Bomb
the Fear Factor

Duck and Cover

The Bomb Show
the weapon test series 1945-19631963

Medical Consequences
"Lethal effects of radiation can be summarized briefly: a very high dose (5000 rads +)
causes death in hours; a smaller but lethal dose (400 rads +): death in weeks. In the
latter case, sickness starts with diarrhea and vomiting, followed by some temporary
improvement, and then the same symptoms recur with the addition of hemorrhage,
anemia, infections, and a slow death."
The U.S. "Federal Emergency Management Agency" predicts approximately
86,000,000 people dead and 34,000,000 severely injured in the United States.
There are about 2,000,000 hospital beds in Canada and U.S.A. combined.

Business Opportunities & Ethics

Ecological Consequences
Fall-Out

International Nuclear Weapon Treaties
1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty
1967 Outer Space Treaty
1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I ABM treaty
1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I Interim Agreement
1979 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II
1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)
1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
1993 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II
1996 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

Personal Conscience
“Thou shalt not kill”

“Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds."

The Bomb Test Series
Scientific Hubris?

Syllabus
The course on Nuclear Warfare PHYS 20061 is offered by the Physics
Department, co-listed by the Reilly Center of Technology and Values and the
Kroc institute for International Peace Studies as an introductory course for
non-science majors to provide an overview about the broad range of topics
and aspects of nuclear weapons and warfare in the 20th century.
Class Content
The course will start with the history and emergence of weapons of mass
destruction technologies as a consequence of World War I and World War II,
culminating in the development and use of the nuclear bomb. This will be
followed by a discussion of the underlying physics principles to provide the
necessary background for a basic understanding of nuclear weapons
techniques and nuclear weapons effects as well as the decay radiation
driven consequences. These consequences will be discussed in terms of
short-range, atmospheric, biological, and medical effects together with the
implications for social groups and societies. This will be complemented by an
extensive discussion of the legal, political, and ethical implications of
possession and use of nuclear weapons and nuclear warfare.

Class Content
& Participation
Nuclear Warfare Tuesday, Thursday 2:00-3:15 pm
Date Subject Topic Lecturer
12-Jan-10 Introduction and Overview Wiescher
14-Jan-10 Modern Warfare in the 20th Century Wiescher
19-Jan-10 Radioactivity, the New Toy, 1900-1933 Wiescher
21-Jan-10 Decay and Energy, Nuclear Physics for Pedestrians Wiescher
26-Jan-10 The Total War Wiescher
28-Jan-10 The Dawn of the Nuclear Age 1939-1944 Wiescher
‣ 10 Group projects (~4 students)
associated with class content :
1 lecture for each group
‣ Participation & Discussion
‣ Concentration ti points for class:
3 questions/lecture
‣ x

Class Presentations
Date topic student 1 student 2 student 3 student 4
16-Feb-10
4-Mar-10
18-Mar-10
23-Mar-10
30-Mar-10
1-April-10
6-Apr-10
13-Apr10
22-Apr-10
Ethical Conflict and moral
Objection
Strategic Decisions on Nuclear
Armament
Failed Nonproliferation, from India
to Iran
Nuclear Age Society, the Nuclear
Hype
Destructive Power of Nuclear
Weapons
Biological and Medical Effects of
Radiation
New Strategic Weapon
developments
Environmental Effects, Nuclear
Winter
Economic Aspects, the Military
Industrial Complex
Michael Ceoteau Catherine Flatley Eric Nesi Casey Robinson
Ryan Renacci
Samuel Clark Brian Loughery Joseph Meares
Kevin Partington
Greg Cunningham Joslyn Jose Jean Namkung Tamuto Takakura
Corey Brady Jose Carranza Christopher Collins Ryan Coughlin
John Burke Nicholas DiStefano Luke Kippenbrock James Young
Rene Alonso Michael Purcell Molly Smith James Waris
Jesse Casadan Daniel Iwanski James Tucci Ryan Webster
Chase Cavanaugh Brandon Chynowth David Goldberg Joseph Livingston
Andrew Balhoff Brian Jacobs Mark Kramer Patricia Navas
27-Apr-10 Nuclear Terror, Nuclear Fear Hector Benavides Emily Degan Josephine Franske Christina Konkey