Research on Eco-Towns in Japan - UNEP
Research on Eco-Towns in Japan - UNEP
Research on Eco-Towns in Japan - UNEP
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1. Introducti<strong>on</strong><br />
Table 1-1: C<strong>on</strong>cepts and def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s similar to <strong>Eco</strong>-<strong>Towns</strong><br />
C<strong>on</strong>cepts Def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s Reference<br />
<strong>Eco</strong>-Industrial Park An eco-<strong>in</strong>dustrial park is a community of manufactur<strong>in</strong>g (*1)<br />
and service bus<strong>in</strong>esses seek<strong>in</strong>g enhanced envir<strong>on</strong>mental<br />
and ec<strong>on</strong>omic performances through collaborati<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
manag<strong>in</strong>g envir<strong>on</strong>mental resource issues, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g<br />
energy, water and materials<br />
<strong>Eco</strong>-Industrial Park The goal of an EIP is to improve the ec<strong>on</strong>omic (*2)<br />
performance of the participat<strong>in</strong>g companies while<br />
m<strong>in</strong>imiz<strong>in</strong>g their envir<strong>on</strong>mental impacts. Comp<strong>on</strong>ents of<br />
this approach <strong>in</strong>clude green design of park <strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />
and plants (new or retrofitted); cleaner producti<strong>on</strong>, polluti<strong>on</strong><br />
preventi<strong>on</strong>; energy efficiency; and <strong>in</strong>ter-company<br />
partner<strong>in</strong>g. An EIP also provides benefits for neighbor<strong>in</strong>g<br />
communities to assure that the net impact of its<br />
development is positive.<br />
Industrial Symbiosis Industrial symbiosis, as part of the emerg<strong>in</strong>g field of (*3)<br />
<strong>in</strong>dustrial ecology, demands resolute attenti<strong>on</strong> to the flow of<br />
materials and energy through local and regi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omies. Industrial symbiosis engages traditi<strong>on</strong>ally<br />
separate <strong>in</strong>dustries <strong>in</strong> a collective approach to competitive<br />
advantage <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g physical exchange of materials,<br />
energy, water, and/or by-products.<br />
<strong>Eco</strong> City<br />
The path to susta<strong>in</strong>ability lies <strong>in</strong> transformati<strong>on</strong> of our cities<br />
to restore the patterns and processes of susta<strong>in</strong>able<br />
ecosystems and to achieve ecological balance, healthy<br />
communities and viable ec<strong>on</strong>omies with<strong>in</strong> the bioregi<strong>on</strong>s.<br />
(*4)<br />
(*1) Lowe, Ernest, Moran, Stephen, and Holmes, Douglas, Fieldbook for the Development of <strong>Eco</strong>-Industrial<br />
Parks, prepared for U.S. EPA under a cooperative agreement with <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Triangle Institute.<br />
(*2) Lowitt, Peter. 2004. Susta<strong>in</strong>able Devens. Presentati<strong>on</strong> at Partnership for the Future: 2nd Annual<br />
C<strong>on</strong>ference and Workshop for <strong>Eco</strong>-Industrial Development, <strong>Eco</strong>-Industrial Estates Asia Network,<br />
Bangkok, Thailand March 11-12, 2004.<br />
(*3) Chertow, M. Industrial symbiosis: Literature and tax<strong>on</strong>omy. Annual Review of Energy and<br />
Envir<strong>on</strong>ment,2000<br />
(*4) CASE M<strong>on</strong>ograph-Draft; p3. , 2002<br />
3
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