Manufacture Of Brick Tiles From Local Raw Materials, N & NE Iraq.

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(JZS)Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani,dec, 2005, 8(1) Part A(31-45) %*&ÏögÐOÚA rÐG%& gÐGÀÐµÐËÑÁÊÁ@µ ÑÁ@¾âÌºkÒÙÁ?iÒg@¡Ù} [3] Barson, T. and Corp, F., Ceramic glazes today, 1998, International Ceramic Journal, Vol.XIV, No.3, pp1-9. [4] Al-Hazaa, S. and Tammer, M., Production of ceramic unglazed acid resistance tiles from Iraqi raw materials(Abstract), the 15th Iraqi Geological Cogress, Baghdad, 2002. [5] Merza, T.A.,Assessment of some clay from Gercus Formation, M. Eocene, for brick manufacture, Sulaimani area, NE Iraq, Zankoi Sulaimani Journal, , 2002,5 , 1, 57-67. [6] Merza, T.A., The possibility of production of glazed ceramic tiles from the Recent deposits, Sulaimani region, NE Iraq, KAJ journal, 2004, 3(I), , 23-32. [7]Fabbri, B, Fiori, C., Krajewski, A., Valmori, R. and Tenalia, A., Comparison between traditional mineralogical and computerized rational analysis of ceramic raw materials, Journal Phsique, 1986, 47, CI.57-CI 62. [8] Bellen, R.C., Dunnigton, H.V., Wetzel, R. and Morton, D.M., Lexique stratigraphique international, 1959, V.III, Asie. Fasc.10a, Iraq, Paris, 333p. [9] Buday, T., The regional Geology of Iraq, Stratigraphy and paleogeography, 1980, edited by Kassab, I.I. and Jassim, S.Z., Dar Al-Kutub Pub. House, University of Mosul, 445p. [10] ASTM, C356-87,e1 standard test method for linear shrinkage of preformed hightemperature thermal insulation subjected to soaking heat, 1992. [11] ASTM, C373-88, standard test method for water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity of white ware products, 1999. [12] ASTM, D5102, Standard test method for unconfined sompressive strength of compacted soil-lime mixtures, 1996. [13] ISO,No.24, Standard methods for physical and chemical tests and sampling of building bricks,1969. [14] ASTM, E100, Standard specification for ASTM hydrometer , 1995. [15] Winkler , H.G.F., 1954, Problem der Frostbestandigket von Dach-Ziegel. Ber. Dtsch.Keram., 1954, Ges.36, 327-332. [16] Bill, F., Dondi, M. , Fabbri, B. and Morandi, N., Carbonate clays for the production of porous ceramic tiles by fast single firing, 1992, Geological Carpathica, Series clays, 2, Bratislava, 91-95. [17] Moulluid, Y., Sun-baked stabilized soil blocks for building, M. Sc., thesis, University of Sallahadeen, 2000, Unpublished, Erbil, 135p. [18] Budnikov, P.P., The technology of ceramic and refractories, 1964, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 647p. [19] Grim, R.E., AppAlied clay mineralogy, 20, 1962, Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Int., New York, 422p. [20] Fiori, C. Fabbri, B., Donati, G. and Venturi, I., Mineralogical composition of the clay bodies used in the Italian tile industry, , Applied Clay Science, 1989, 4, 461-473. [21] Gonzalez, I., Leon, M. and Galan, E., Assessment of the ceramic uses of clays from southern Spain from compositional drying and forming data, Geological Carpathica Series Clays, 1992, 2, Brantislava, 97-100. [22] Rhodes, D., clay and Glazes for the potter, 1973, revised edition, Krause Publ. Iolan, Wisconsion, A&C Black, London, 330p. [23] B.S. 3921, British Standard Specification for Clay Bricks, 1985. [24] NBS, Bull., No.1, HMSO, Standard Specification for clay building bricks, 1988. [25] ISQ No.25, Standard Specification of Iraq for minimum units of compressive strength and the maximum percent of water absorption of clay building bricks, 1988A. 44
(JZS)Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani,dec, 2005, 8(1) Part A(31-45) %*&ÏögÐOÚA rÐG%& gÐGÀÐµÐËÑÁÊÁ@µ ÑÁ@¾âÌºkÒÙÁ?iÒg@¡Ù} ´?hâÌ¥ÑKðÚÐÅeâÉögÒgÊµ@GÉgÊµ@G)Ñð¹@½âÊ_Ñðº}Ð¹Mp_ÑÁchµMkÉgc ÃËdâÌ?jSd¾¿ÌÅ?ÌÔÉ?i½d?Ðð¹âÊK +´?hâÌ¥)Ä@LkcgÊµÑ¾âËgÐÅ)ÑÁ@¾âÌºkÒâÊÁ?i)MlÁ?iÑTÌ¹âÊµ)ÑSâÊ¹âÊÌSÑoÐG ÐL_ÊO ÉÏÉ?hk@GÄ@ÌÁ@µÐLoÉÏögMp}ÒfâËgcÐGÉÏÉÐKÏÉ?hµâÊµ?dÁ@LkcgÊµÐ¹Ñð¹@½âÊ_Ñðº}Ð¹gâÊSÏcg?Êw?cÐËÏÉÐÂËfâËÊKÀÐ¹ ÑÁ@µÏÉÐÁchÌ±@KÑ½@ÐÔ+Mp_ÑÁchµMkÉgcâÊGÄÉ@ÌoâÊ_@ÔÐµÐÁðÛ}ÏgâÊSÀÐÔÑÁdÁ@ïÁÐlð¹ÐÅÉ@ÂâÌOÐ¹ÏÉ?hµÒg@Ëc ÐµÒÐÁ@ÁÉÊÉÐÔ+ÏÉÐµÐðº}ÒÉ@_ÒÐK@ÆâÌOÉÉ?hGÉ@ÁÄ?ÊâÌÁÐ¹ÐËÐÅÉÐLOÑµÐÌËdÁÏÊËÐOÐµMlgÏcÑÌLkÛOÒgÉÊÂk ÏÉÐÁ?ÉÐxãå èâÌOÐGÉÒdÁÏÉ@ÁÀ@½âÊGÄigÐGÑÌLkÛOÒgÉÊÂkÄÏÉ@_MËÛÌÔÉMË@LâÌ¸ÏÉÑÁ@µÐÌËögÊ±ÏÉ@_ÐGÄdÁÐ½Ðð¹ÉÏc +Ð½jÁÄ@ÌÌLkÛOÒgÉÊÂk?ÉÐÔjKg?ÊµÐGÄdÁÐ½Ðð¹ÉÏcÐµÒÐÁ?ÉÐÔ ÐµMp_Ð¹i?É@ÌSÒgâÊSâÑkâÊGÃâËhÂâÌÆGg@µÐGÄ@µÐÁÉÊMâËhÁ?ÊKÏcÐµMlgÏcÄ@µÐð¹âÊÁÏcÑËÏg@GÐ±ÑÁchËg@Ìo ÃKÊÌÁâÊºÌµÒâÊLkÐPð¹@OhâËeÐ¹ÏÉ?gfâËög?cIð¹@±g?ÊwÉ@LoÐÅÐÁ@ÁÉÊÀÐ¹+gâÊËcÑLp_ÉÑo@µÉg?dÁÊµÑLp_7qÌÁ?ÉÐÔ +ÄÉ?hÂâÌKÊk?cºÀÉºÀÉºÀ?c@ÌSÎ@½gÐ}ÒÐºOhâËeÐ¹Ä@o@OÉ ¿½, bulk density É water absorption ÉLinear shrinkage ¸ÏÉ ÑÁ@µ ÐÌÌÁ@Ì½ É ÑË@ËjÌ ÐLoÉÏög Mp} ÍÁchµ MkÉgc âÊG ÃâÌÊ}Ïc Ä@µÐÁÉÊ Ð¹ ·âËdÁÐÅ Ðµ NÉÐµgÏc ?d½@ÐÔ Ð¹ ÉÏÉ?hµ ÐÁ?ÊâÌOcompressive strength +g?dÁÊµÑLp_@ÅÏÉgÐÅ%ÄÊâÌG&ÉÐLOÑLp_ +´?h¦¹?´ho¼@É¼@)ÐÌº?ÐÌ¹ÉÜ?c?Ê?Ã½´ÊG@ï¹?Ð¥@Âs ÃËd¹?Í?jSd¾¿ÌÅ?hG?É?i½d?Ç¹ÊK +´?h¦¹?)Ä@LkcgÊµ¿Ìº±?)ÐÌÁ@¾Ìºl¹?Ð¦½@S)ÀÊº¦¹?ÐÌºµ)ÑSÊ¹ÊÌ?¿l± ÐsÛ? Ð¥@Ât¹@ÆLÌWÛsÒd½Ðh¦½»S?Ã½Ä@LkchµÑÐÌº?ÐÌÂÌï¹?c?Ê?Ã½@¥ÊÁhp¥Ð¦GgAuXÐk?gd¹?ÈfÅ ÐÌÂÌï¹? Äc@¦@G ÐÌÂª¹? Ve@¾Â¹? QÌW + @ ÐÁÊ? c?Ê? §½ ÐËÊ± Ð±Û¥ c?Ê? Èf ÐÁÉdº¹? cÉdW ¿Ì± NhÆ¡A +´ÊG@ï¹? +Ðx®`Â½ÐÁÉd¹N?eMÁ@µjKg?Ê¹@GÐÌÂª¹?Ve@¾Â¹?@½AÐïkÊL½?ÐÌ¹@¥ÐÁÉd¹N?e%MËÚ?ÉMË@L& ÐHk@Â½Ve@ÉJÊ²P?´ÊG@ï¹?Ð¥@Ât¹ÏdÌSVe@ÑÅÉ¨?ÊÁAÐOÛOÑº¥Ve@¾Â¹?@Æ¦ËiÊKhÆ¡AVe@¾Âº¹Ñ¾T?»ÌºXL¹? É ¿½,ÃKÊÌÁÊºÌµªwM@H¹@±Á@ÉÐ¦GgA§Âs+gÊËd¹?´ÊG@}Ð¥@Ât¹ÐHk@Â½ÐÌ²H¹?É ÛH¹?´ÊG@}Ð¥@Ât¹ ÐÌÔ@ËjÌ®¹?@Æs?Ê_QÌWÃ½I¹?Ê²¹?»µuX¿O+ºÀ ÉºÀÉºÀÐ®ºLÏg?hWN@SgcMM±hW ÉÐÌ}@ªxÁÚ?Ð½É@²?ÉÐÌ¾T?Ð@P¹?ÉÓ@?v@tL½ÚÐËÊÕ?ÐHlÂ¹?ÉÊï¹?uº²Lº¹ÐËÊÕ?ÐHlÂ¹?»P½ÐÌÌÁ@Ì? +JÊ²P?´ÊG@ï¹?Ð¥@Ât¹h_?¿l±ÉIºt¹?´ÊG@ï¹?Ð¥@Ât¹ÐHk@Â½ÄÊKc?Ê?ÈfÅÃ½¿l±ÄEUÔ@LÂ¹?NhÆ¡? Resaved on 21/5/2003 .Accepted 29/9/ 2004. +?c,,Ð¹?hµdÁÐkÐOÉ?c,, Ð¹?}gÏÉ 45
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