Reference List for Tunnel Construction - NORDSEETAUCHER GmbH

NORDSEETAUCHER 

N-SEA-DIVERS 北海潜水公司 

Hyperbaric Tunnel Construction and Diving ® 

高压下隧道施工及潜水 

and 

Work under Hyperbaric Conditions 

Diving and Compressed Air Work 

in 

Tunnel-Boring-Machines 

盾构机潜水与待压作业 

www.nordseetaucher.eu

NORDSEETAUCHER GmbH 北海潜水员公司 


® 

高压隧道作业与潜水 

Int. Diving Contractor 

OffshoreWind Inwater Service ® 

海上风能项目水下作业服务 



Bramkampweg 9 

D-22949 Ammersbek 

Germany 

Tel.( 电话 ) : +49 4102 23180 

Fax( 传真 ) : +49 4102 231820 

Mobile ( 手机 ) : +49 172 4300598 

E-Mail ( 邮箱 ) : info@nordseetaucher.de 

Internet( 网站 ) : www.nordseetaucher.de 

Water Power Plants 

Offshore 海上 

and Reservoirs 

Inshore / Inland 港口 Oil and Gas 油、气水利发电站和水库 

Renewable Energies 新能源 

Hyperbaric Tunnel Constructions 高压隧道作业 

Nordseetaucher GmbH, Bramkampweg 9, D-22949 Ammersbek, Germany; Tel. +49 4102 23180, Fax +49 4102 231820, Mobile +49 172 4300598 

E-mail: info@nordseetaucher.de; Internet: www.nordseetaucher.de



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Arbeiten in Überdruck 

Taucher- und Druckluftarbeiten im maschinellen Tunnelvortrieb 

Ab einer Tiefe von 40 Metern (4,0 bar Überdruck) kommt der Druckluftarbeiter in Bereiche wo es von der 

Zeit her nicht mehr interessant ist Druckluftarbeiten auf herkömmliche Art auszuführen. Da aber die nächste 

Generation von Tunnelprojekten immer länger und immer tiefer gebaut wird war es nur eine Frage der Zeit 

und Gelegenheit den Einsatz von Tauchern für die Arbeiten in Überdruck mit einzubeziehen. 


Diving and Compressed Air Work in Tunnel-Boring-Machines 

Below a depth of 40 metres (which equals 4.0 bars over pressure) workers enter a zone where it is no longer 

effective to carry out compressed air work under conventional conditions. However, because the next 

generation of tunnels will be longer and deeper than anything we have at present, it can only be a matter of 

time and opportunity before divers start playing a key role in hyperbaric work. 

Trabajos en ambientes hiperbáricos 

Trabajos de buceo bajo aire comprimido para la construcción mecánica de túneles 

A partir de una profundidad de 40 metros (con una sobrepresión de 4,0 bar) comienzan los ambientes para 

los trabajadores bajo aire comprimido, puesto que con el paso del tiempo ya no resulta interesante ejecutar 

los trabajos en ambientes hiperbáricos de modo tradicional. Dado que en la próxima generación de proyectos 

los túneles se construirán con una mayor longitud y a mayor profundidad, sólo era cuestión de tiempo y 

ocasión para incluir el uso de buceadores en los trabajos bajo presión. 

高压环境作业 

盾构内潜水与带压作业 

在 40 米水深下 , 相当于 4bar 压力 , 以传统方式进行带压作业 , 效率不高。可是 , 随着新隧道将朝着更深、更长 

的趋势发展 , 那么 , 潜水员在高压环境下作业参与重要角色也只是时间和机会的问题了。 

Работы на глубине под давлением 

Проведение строительных работ по прокладке тоннелей начиная с глубины 40 метров и при давлении 

4,0 бар становится сложным. Это та граница, когда вести строительство тоннеля традиционным 

способом становится трудно. Однако, как показывает жизнь, большинство новых тоннелей будет 

прокладываться на все большей глубине и они будут еще длиннее. Это только дело времени, когда к 

этим работам будут привлекаться специалисты - водолазы. 





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Reference List for 

Diving, Compressed Air, Mixed-Gas and Maintenance 

in Tunnel-Boring-Machines (TBM’s) 

1994 

1997 

Europipe I and II, North Sea-Germany 

德国北海 : 欧洲管道项目一、二期 

Bewagtunnel, Berlin-Germany 

1997 - 2000 

S-108 4 th tube of River Elbe, Hamburg-Germany 

德国汉堡 : 易北河第四隧道项目 

1998 - 2002 

S-137/38 Westerschelde Tunnel, Zeeland-The Netherlands 

荷兰泽兰 :Westershelde 隧道项目 

1999 

M-498 Mompas, San Sebastian-Spain 

西班牙圣赛巴斯蒂安 :Mompas 项目 

2000 - 2001 

S-152 Wesertunnel, Nordenham-Germany 

德国诺尔登哈姆 :Wesertunel 项目 

S-149 Airporttunnel, Zürich-Switzerland 

S-140 Bahn 2000-Thalwil, Zürich-Switzerland 

瑞士苏黎世 :Bahn 2000-Thalwil 项目 

2000 

S-127 Socatop, Paris-France 

M-532 Crosswaytunnel-4 th tube of River Elbe, Hamburg-Germany 

S-110 Fernbahntunnel, Berlin-Germany 

2001 

Neva-Crossing, St. Petersburg-Russia 

俄罗斯圣彼得堡 :Neva-crossing 隧道项目 

2001 - 2002 

S-164 Lefortovo Tunnel, Moscow-Russia 

俄罗斯莫斯科 :Lefortovo 隧道项目 

S-150 Sophiaspoortunnel, Rotterdam-The Netherlands 

S-168 Pannerdenschkanaal, Arnhem-The Netherlands 

荷兰阿纳姆 :Pannerdenschkanaal 项目 

2002 

S-205 Peristeri Metro, Athens-Greece 

M-518 TENP Los 4/5, Lörrach-Germany 

S-170 Deep Sewerage, Singapore 

新加坡 : 深隧道阴沟系统项目 

2002 - 2003 

S-192 CTRL-Thames Tunnel, London-England 

英国伦敦 :CTRL 泰晤士河隧道项目 

S-175 Oenzbergtunnel, Switzerland 

S-200 Herrentunnel, Lübeck-Germany 

德国吕贝克 :Herrentunnel 隧道项目 





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2003 

S-209 Aanlegspoortunnel, Antwerpen-Belgium 

S-185 Heathrow Airport Tunnel, London-England 

S-187 Metrotunnel, Caracas-Venezuela 

委内瑞拉加拉加斯 : 地铁隧道项目 

2003 - 2007 

S-250/90 Silberwald, Moscow-Russia 

俄罗斯莫斯科 :Silberwald 项目 

2004 


法国巴黎 :Socatop 项目 

S-242 Metro Line 3, Guangzhou-China 

中国广州 : 地铁三号线项目 

2004 - 2005 

S-252/53 Smart Tunnel, Kuala Lumpur-Malaysia 

S-238 Metro Line 1, Napoli-Italy 

M-929 Kura West River Crossing, Azerbaijan 

阿塞拜疆 : 库拉河隧道 

2004 - 2007 

S-221 Metro Line 9, Barcelona-Spain 

西班牙巴塞罗那 : 地铁九号线 

2004 - 2006 

S-255 Metrotren, Gijon-Spain 

西班牙希洪 :METROTREN 项目 

2005 

M-000 Medientunnel Leipzig-Germany 

德国莱比锡 :MEDIENTUNNEL 隧道项目 

2005 - 2006 

S-258 Flughafen S-Bahn Hamburg-Germany 

德国汉堡 : 机场快线项目 

S-302 Metro de Madrid-Spain 

2006 

M-675 La Malata, A Coruña-Spain 

S-327 Harbour Tunnel, Durban-South Africa 

南非德班 : 港口隧道项目 

S-320 Almatymetrohurylys, Alma Ata-Kasachstan 

M-614 Chateau d’Olonne, France 

S-324 Metrotunnel, Ankara-Turkey 

土耳其安卡拉 : 地铁隧道项目 

S-325 Metrotunnel, Istanbul-Turkey 

2006 – 2007 

S-331 Fernwärmetunnel, Copenhagen-Denmark 

丹麦哥本哈根 :FERNWARMETUNNEL 隧道项目 

S-314 Stadtbahn Köln Los Nord, Cologne-Germany 

德国科隆 : 轻轨北线 

S-321/22 Stadtbahn Köln Los Süd, Cologne-Germany 


S-328 Metro Strogino, Moskau 

俄罗斯莫斯科 :Strogino 地铁项目 





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2007 

S-317/18 Traffic Tunnel Shanghai-China 

中国上海 : 沪崇苏隧道项目 

M-971 Wuhan, China 

中国武汉 

M-1016 Santander, Spain 

S-264/65 Katzenbergtunnel, Germany 

2006 -2008 

S-260 Metrobus, Brescia-Italy 

S-326 City Tunnel Leipzig-Germany 

S-340/41 Citytunnel, Malmö-Sweden 

瑞典马尔默 : 城市隧道项目 

2007 -2008 

S-334 U-Bahn Linie 3, Munich-Germany 

S-389 Thun, Switzerland 

S-227/28 Metro Esfahan-Iran 

伊朗伊斯法罕 : 地铁项目 

2008 

M-1198 Doha-Qatar, Persian Gulf 

S-407 Water Tunnel Shanghai-China 

M-518M Pescanova Fishfarm, Mira-Portugal 

S-358 Yellow River Tunnel, China 

中国郑州 : 穿黄项目 

2007-2009 

S-352 H3-4 Münster / Wiesing-Austria 

S-381 H8 Jenbach-Austria 

2008-2009 

S-349/50 Nanjing Yangtze River Crossing-China 

中国南京 : 南京长江过江隧道项目 

M-1193 RS1 H8 Jenbach-Austria 

RS2 H8 Jenbach-Austria 

S-419/20 Finnetunnel, Erfurt-Germany 

M-254M Sammler Ost, Hamburg-Germany 

2009 

S-307/08 Metro Tunnel Singapore 

S-408 Water Tunnel Shanghai-China 

中国上海 : 青草沙引水项目 

Emstunnel, Emden-Germany 

NFM 

Railway Tunnel Schlüchtern-Germany 

RS3 H8 Jenbach-Austria; RS4 H8 Jenbach-Austria 



S-477 CREC Tunnel Foshan-China 

中国佛山 : 中铁隧道项目 

S-464 Diabolo Tunnel Brussels-Belgium 

S-354 Metro Line 4 Budapest-Hungary 

2008-2010 

S-440 U4 HafenCity, Hamburg-Germany 

德国汉堡 :HAFENCITY 地铁四号线 





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2009-2010 



S-423 Metro Line 3, Cairo-Egypt 

M-1061 Sea Outfall, Salvador de Bahia-Brasil 

M-907M Großrohrschirm Zürich-Schweiz 

S-221 Ute Gorg, Barcelona-Spain 

西班牙巴塞罗那 :UTE GORG 项目 

S-444 Ute Trinidad, Barcelona-Spain 

2010 

S-246 Hallandsås, Förslöv-Sweden 

S-532 LocoBouw, Antwerpen-Belgium 

M-1317 Sammlers Ost 2.BA, Hamburg-Germany 

M-0000 Düker Brunsbüttel-Germany 

M-518M Großrohrschirm Zürich-Switzerland 

S-362 Ute Ave Girona, Girona-Spain 

M-1419 Opal Peene Querung Anklam-Germany 

M-0000 Maindüker Schweinfurt-Germany 

S-509 Metro Tunnel Wuhan-China 

中国武汉 : 地铁项目 

S-525 Metro Tunnel Sofia-Bulgaria 

2009-2011 



2010-2011 

S-491 Wehrhahn-Linie, Düsseldorf-Germany 

德国杜塞尔多夫 :WEHRHAHN LINIE 项目 

S-451 Tunnel Weinberg, Zürich-Schweiz 

S-547 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Tunnel, Cochem-Germany 

M-1186 Sanitary Drainage Networks, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia 

S-452 ATUBO Biel-Schweiz 

S-551 Nuclear Tunnel Project Taishan-China 

中国台山 : 核电站隧道项目 

2011 

S-546 Metro B Lyon-France 

M-0000 CFPP Kraftwerkstunnel W.-haven-Germany 

S-642 Wisla River Crossing, Warsaw-Poland 

S-554 Metro B Rom-Italy 

M1096 Zürich-Oerlikon-Schweiz 

S-618 West Island Tunnel-Hong Kong 

S-502 Lake Mead, Las Vegas-USA 

美国拉斯维加斯 : 米德湖隧道项目 

2010-2012 

S-544/45 XFEL Tunnel, Hamburg-Germany 

NFM Railway Tunnel, Beijing-China 

中国北京 : 直径线项目 





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2011-2012 

S-630/31 Mei Lai Road to Hoi Ting Road Tunnel-Hong Kong 

香港 : 美荔道至旺角西通风楼隧道项目 

S-597/98 Metro Hangzhou-China 

S-550 Railway Tunnel Shenzhen-China 

中国深圳 : 铁路隧道项目 

2012 

CCCC 

Nanjing Weisan Tunnel-China 

中国南京 : 中交纬三路过江隧道项目 

S-644 Metro Warsaw-Poland 

S-636 Metro Hangzhou-China 

S-668 Road Tunnel Nanjing-China 

S-324 Metrotunnel, Ankara-Turkey 

土耳其安卡拉 : 地铁隧道项目 

S-666 Traffic Tunnel Shanghai 

S-623/24 Railway Tunnel Shenzhen-Hong Kong 

S-683 Railway Tunnel Nanjing-China 

S-731 Crossrail Tunnel London-UK 

DEEP SEA Tunnel Diving Helmet 





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Diving and Compressed Air Work in Tunnel-Boring-Machines 

高压环境作业 

盾构机潜水与待压作业 

Below a depth of 40 metres (which equals 4.0bar over pressure) compressed air technicians enter a 

zone where it is no longer effective to carry out compressed air work under conventional conditions. 

However, because the next generation of tunnels will be longer and deeper than anything we have at 

present, it can only be a matter of time and opportunity before divers and compressed air 

technicians start playing a key role in hyperbaric work. 

在 40 米水深下 , 相当于 4bar 压力 , 以传统方式进行带压作业 , 效率不高。可是 , 随着新隧道将朝着 

更深、更长的趋势发展 , 那么 , 潜水员在高压环境下作业参与重要角色也只是时间和机会的问题了。 

High groundwater head is a major challenge for tunneling in soft ground and weak rock. It has a 

strong impact on design and operation of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) in order to prevent 

excessive groundwater inflow, to ensure face stability and to enable access to the cutterhead for 

maintenance, which can lead to an increase of the required construction period and budget. 

Designers should keep this in their mind when planning a tunnel alignment. 

高水压是在软土层隧道施工的主要挑战。为考虑防止地下水渗透 , 保证掌子面稳定 , 以及方便人员 

进入刀盘进行维保工作等 , 这些因素都在很大程度上影响着盾构的设计与使用 , 同时也会增加项目 

工期和施工成本。在选取隧道路线时 , 设计单位应将此纳入考虑范围。 

The 4 th River Elbe Tunnel was a milestone in Slurry-TBM tunneling 

due to the large TBM diameter of 14.2 m, low cover of as small as 7 m and 

high groundwater pressure of up to 4.5bar. The southern section of the 2.561 

km long tunnel was excavated in glacial deposits consisting of sand, marl and 

boulders, while more cohesive ground such as marl 

and clay with sand lenses and boulders was present 

on the northern tunnel section. 

德国易北河第四隧道盾构机直径达 14.2 米 , 隧道最薄浅埋断仅为 7 米 , 

地下水压高达 4.5 巴 , 因此易北河第四隧道成为泥水盾构机施工的里程碑。 

盾构机在隧道南部 2561 米的挖掘地质是由沙、泥灰和大圆石组成的冰积 

土 , 而隧道北部段土质为更为连续的黏性土 , 有泥沙 , 含沙砾和大圆石的 

黏土等。 

Frequent interventions for cutterhead maintenance were necessary due to 

presence of abrasive soils. Severe wear was observed on excavation tools and on the backside of the 

cutterhead which had to plough through accumulated spoil at the bottom of the excavation chamber. 

Thus intensive and time consuming repair works (6 weeks) were required under compressed air. 

土质的高磨损性导致了刀盘维保进仓作业的频繁进行。我们发现不仅刀具磨损严重 , 而且刀盘背面 

也由于持续与开挖仓底部沉积的泥渣不断摩擦而磨损严重。因此压缩空气待压修复作业耗时大量 , 

总耗时 6 周。 

At the deepest point of the river crossing, the crew had to enter the excavation chamber and work 

under compressed air up to 4.5bar. 

在易北河隧道最深处 , 作业人员在开挖仓中的工作压力最高达到 4.5 巴。 





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In total 10,920 work hours were spent 

under regular compressed air at pressures 

up to 4.5 bar during which 2,738 man 

interventions were performed, 237 of them 

at pressures > 3.6bar. In total 21 cases of 

decompression illness were reported, all of 

them occurred at pressures < 3.6bar. 

此项目总共进仓作业时间为 10920 小时 , 进仓人次为 2738 次 , 进仓压力 

最高达到 4.5 巴 , 其中 237 人次的进仓压力大于 3.6 巴。减压病报告总共 

为 21 例 , 均在小于 3.6 巴的情况下发生。 

The 4 th River Elbe Tunnel was the first project where a rescue 

could be completed by connecting a NATO flange to the 

compressed air lock on the TBM to enable transport of injured 

personnel under compressed air pressure to a shuttle for pressurized 

transport the surface. Fortunately it was not necessary to use it. 

易北河第四隧道第一次使用了治疗仓。治疗仓通过连接上北大西洋 

公约 (NATO) 法兰后再连接到盾构机的压缩空气闸 , 这样就伤员可 

以在待压条件下被运送至地面。但十分幸运的是 , 此次施工并未出 

现要使用治疗仓的情况。 

The 1.640 km long twin tube Wesertunnel crosses the river Weser north 

of Bremen, Germany. A Slurry-TBM ( 11.71 m) was used to excavate the 

tunnel in glacial deposits. The glacial soil consists of poorly graded and 

partly very loose cohesion, less sand with hard granite boulders, and very 

soft to soft clay and peat in shallow areas. Below the river, plastic clays were 

found to have mainly stiff to hard consistency reaching shear strength values 

of weak rock. 

德国威悉河隧道是德国不来梅威悉河北部的 1640 米双隧道。隧道施工采用的是直径为 11.71 米的泥 

水盾构 , 施工地质为冰积土。冰积土主要有弱土且部分土况十分松散 , 含硬花岗岩但沙含量少的大 

圆石 , 在浅埋段土质为十分松软的黏土和泥煤。在易北河下 , 发现的塑性黏土已相互黏附成纹理坚 

硬 , 剪切强度已达到软弱岩层。 

The tunnel invert’s deepest point was 40 m below sea level. Due to tidal influence of the North Sea 

the water level of the river was typically between +/-2 m above/below sea level and reached in 

maximum +5.2 m above sea level. Along the tunnel route, groundwater head encountered at tunnel 

invert was typically in a range of 2.5 to 4.0bar and reached a maximum of 4.5bar at storm tide. 

隧道仰供块最低点为海平面下 40 米。由于北海的潮汐 , 河面水位在海平面上下 2 米处浮动 , 也曾 

最高达到高于海平面 5.2 米。隧道走势中 , 地下水压与隧道仰供块之间压力大致在 2.5 巴至 4.0 巴 

之间 , 在暴潮时水压高达至 4.5 巴。 





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Maintenance under compressed air was performed at up to 4.5bar air pressure for works at the 

cutterhead and up to 5bar for works at the stone crusher. Additionally divers were used to work 

within the Bentonite slurry under pressure of up to 5bar. Regular compressed air (no mixed gases) 

and oxygen decompression were successfully used. In total 5.000 h of compressed air works and a 

total of 1.400 man interventions were performed while 600 of them were under pressures exceeding 

3.6 bar. Only 15 minor cases of decompression illness were reported, all of them under pressures 

less than 3.6bar. 

刀盘维修工作是在大于 4.5 巴的压缩空气压力下展开的 , 而碎石 

机的维修则是在大于 5.0 巴压力中进行。此外 , 潜水员也能适应 

在膨润土压力大于 5.0 巴环境下工作。常规空气压缩 ( 非混合气 

体 ) 和吸氧减压操作得顺利完成。在总共 5000 小时的待压作业 

和 1400 人次的进仓作业中 , 其中有 600 小时的作业压力大于 

3.6 巴。减压病报告为 15 例 , 均在低于 3.6 巴的情况下发生。 

The 6.6 km long Westerschelde Tunnel is the first tunnel project where 

saturation diving technique was used for excavation chamber interventions. 

The twin tube tunnel was excavated by two Slurry-TBMs (Ø 11.33 m). 

Ground conditions consist of medium to fine quaternary sands within shallow 

sections and a massive formation of tertiary stiff clay on a length of approx. 

2 km. Density tertiary sands are found below the clay within the deepest 

tunnel section. 

荷兰 Westerschelde 隧道全长 6.6 千米 , 它是隧道施工中第一个采用饱和潜水 

进入开挖仓的隧道项目。两条隧道使用的是 11.33m 的泥水盾构。隧道地质由中等至良好的中空第四 

纪砂和大约 2 千米长的大量第三硬泥土质组成。在隧道最深处的黏土下 , 同时也发现大量第三金沙。 

At the deepest point the tunnel invert is at a depth of 60 m below sea level. The water level was 

typically within a range of +/- 2.5 m above/below sea level and reached about +4.0 m in maximum. 

The tunnel cover was in a range of 28 m to 40 m. 

隧道仰拱块最低点为海平面下 60m, 水位大致都在海平面上下 2.5 米浮动 , 也曾最大超出海平面 4 米。 

隧道覆土在 28m 至 40m 不等。 

When Nordseetaucher GmbH was asked to cooperate on this project to build two tunnels under the 

Westerschelde in the Netherlands, we didn’t hesitate a moment, knowing that it would be an ideal 

opportunity to put to use the skills and expertise we had gained during our 4 th Tube of the River 

Elbe Crossing and the Wesertunnel, Germany contracts. However, the problems we could expect to 

face were on a slightly different scale. In the 4 th Tube of the River Elbe Tunnel we were working 

under pressures of up to 4.5 bar, while work in the Wesertunnel was carried out at 5.0 bar. The brief 

for the two tunnels of the Westerschelde Tunnel Project called for us to work at pressures of up to 

8.5 bar. 

当我们北海潜水员公司被邀请参与 Westerschedle 双隧道施工时 , 我们丝毫没有犹豫 , 因为我们深 

知这是一次我们把在易北河第四隧道和威悉河隧道所取得经验用于实践的最佳机会。可我们面对的 

问题却又有所不同 : 易北河隧道的工作压力最高为 4.5 巴 , 而威悉河隧道的工作也只是在最高 5.0 

巴的压力下进行的。但我们得知 Westerschelde 隧道的工作压力将高达 8.5 巴。 





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It is impossible to work at 8.5 bars pressure with compressed air, because the nitrogen contained in 

breath causes narcosis. Accordingly, from the very start we planned to work using mixed gases. 

鉴于在 8.5 巴的压缩空气下 , 呼吸空气中的氮气会使人引起昏迷 , 所以在 8.5 巴的压力下无法开展 

压缩空气作业。因此 , 从一开始我们就计划使用混合气体作业。 

For several decades, a number of methods and procedures have been tested and applied in 

international commercial offshore diving which can also be used in machine-driven tunnel 

construction projects carried out in hyperbaric pressure in excess of 5.0bar. 

几十年来 , 大量的已经证实且被应用在国际商业海上潜水的潜水方案和潜水程序 , 同样也能在大于 

5.0 巴的盾构类隧道施工中。 

For instanced the use of mixed gas. These gases are a mixture of oxygen and various inert gases, 

blended according to the specific pressure spectrum to allow the divers to work for days and weeks 

under pressurised conditions (saturation method). At hyperbaric pressures of between 3.0 and 6.0 

bar compressed air can be used as working gas with the saturation method, and may indeed be the 

method of preference in future. In order to use mixed gases safely and successfully, meticulous 

preparations to the tunnel boring machine and logistical processes are necessary. 

其中就有混合气体的使用。这些混合气体是用氧气和不同惰性气体按照不同压力要求配比而成 , 它 

能使潜水员在待压条件下连续工作几天甚至几周 , 这种方法也称作饱和潜水法。在压力为 3.0 巴到 

6.0 巴的条件下 , 饱和潜水作业也可以把压缩气体当成工作气体 , 此种方案也 

是将来潜水的趋势。混合气体作业的安全成功进行需要十分周密的盾构机准备及必要的后勤配合。 

Due to the relatively thin clearance above the tunnel it would have been dangerous to lower the 

Bentonite level in the cutterhead chamber, the excavation chamber. Accordingly, specially trained 

diving personnel were on hand to carry out inspections and tool changes in the event of repair and 

maintenance work becoming necessary. 

鉴于隧道覆土浅薄 , 在刀盘的开挖仓中降低膨润土压力将变的十分危险。因此 , 受过专业训练的潜 

水员将进行刀具的检测和更换工作 , 以防需要开展修补或保养工作。 

In total, 6 excursions in saturation were performed with a total saturation time of 40 days. The 

decompression time was 4 days each time. 10 inspection excursions with mixed gas were 

performed, in addition to 1.652 hours with compressed air involving 546 man interventions. 5 cases 

of decompression sickness occurred, all of which were successfully treated in the onsite treatment 

chamber. 

Westerschelde 项目中总共进行了 6 此饱和潜水作业 , 合计时间为 40 天 , 每次减压时间为 4 天。在 

混合气体条件下的进仓作业总共 10 次。此外还有 546 人次 , 合计 1652 小时的普通压缩空气进仓。 

减压病报告为 5 例 , 并且全部都在地面治疗仓治愈。 

Diving in Bentonite 膨润土潜水 

Preparations 准备 

To allow manned interventions to be carried out in the Bentonite, special 

flanged connections were installed in the pressure walls of the tunnel 

boring machines. These lines supplied the divers with breathing air, 

reserve air, communication lines, lighting, video and data transmission, 

and water to flush the breathing regulators in the diving helmets. Those 

flange connections are also perfect for the new overpressure work helmet. 





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为使潜水员能够在膨润土中进行潜水作业 , 盾构机压力墙需安装特殊法兰接口 , 这些是潜水员进仓 

后的呼吸管路、备用气体、通讯线路、照明线路、视频和数据传送线路、以及冲洗潜水面罩空气调 

节器的水路准备的。 

The Diving Helmets 潜水面罩 

Diving helmets normally used for offshore diving were specially 

modified to allow them to be used for diving in Bentonite. To make it 

easier for the divers to breathe in the Bentonite, which is a clay 

suspension, and to reduce breathing resistance, the helmets were fitted 

with a water flushing system for the air regulator. The constant supply 

of fresh water also prevents the breathing membranes from sticking 

together. 

一般海上潜水用的潜水面罩经过改良可被使用在膨润土潜水中。为使 

潜水员在膨润土中 —— 一种黏土悬浮物 , 呼吸更加简易 , 并减小呼吸阻力 , 面罩空气调节器配上了 

水冲洗装置。持续的新鲜水供给同时也能防止呼吸黏膜黏附在一起。 

The Umbilical 脐带 

As the name indicates, the umbilical is the diver’s lifeline. The umbilical 

consists of a variety of differently coloured tubes and cables, which pipe in air, 

reserve air and fresh water, and also contain communication lines, light, video 

and data transmission lines. 

正如这名称所代表的 , 脐带是潜水员的生命线。脐带由各种着色不同的管路和线 

路组成 , 其中含供气管路、储气管路、供水管路、通讯线路 , 照明线路 , 视频与 

数据传送线路。 

Diving and Work in Mix-Gas Saturation 

饱和条件下潜水与工作 

The Living Chamber 生活仓 

Saturation diving means living and working under 

hyperbaric conditions for long periods of time, i.e. 

anything up to 28 days, although the limits have never 

been fully tested. To enable divers and engineers to 

survive and work under these conditions requires a 

pressurised living chamber consisting of a number of 

rooms outside of the tunnel zone. Up to 9 divers and 

engineers can live in this system, and it contains all the 

necessary facilities, from berths to showers and toilets. 

饱和潜水即指长时间在高压条件下生活与工作 , , 例如 

超过 28 天 , 但目前暂不明确人类可以停留的最长时间。 

为满足潜水员和工程师能在此条件下工作 , 一个加压的分居室的生活仓。它最大能容纳 9 名潜水员 

和工程师 , 里面应配置浴室 , 卧室和洗手间等设施。 





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The Transport Shuttle 穿梭闸 

Due to technical and hygienic reasons, it is not as a rule feasible 

to locate the saturation habitat in the tunnel zone and link it to the 

tunnel machine. This makes it necessary to use a mobile 

transportation system - a shuttle. The shuttle collects the divers 

from the habitat outside the tunnel zone and takes them to the 

tunnel, where they dock on to the tunnel machine. Each 

pressurised shuttle can take up to 4 divers, technicians and 

engineers. Once it docks on to the tunnel machine, the passengers 

disembark and go to their stations in the control room and the 

excavation chamber to carry out all necessary inspection, maintenance and repair work to the 

cutterhead. 

鉴于技术和卫生原因 , 在隧道区域建立饱和潜水员生活仓且将生活仓与盾构机相连接并不可行 , 因 

此则需要配置一个移动的运输装置 —— 穿梭闸。穿梭闸将潜水员从隧道外的生活仓接往隧道 , 然后 

潜水员再登入盾构机。每个穿梭闸最多可运送 4 个潜水员、技师和工程师。只要穿梭闸抵达盾构机 , 

穿梭闸内的人即可即可进入盾构机控制室和开挖藏进行刀盘的检测和维修保养工作了。 

The NEW Technology 2012 

2012 年新技术 

Lake Mead (USA) and 

Nanjing Weisan Tunnel Project (China) 

美国米德湖与中国南京纬三路隧道项目 

The new Mixed Gas Saturation Generation 

is designed. The mobile system is created 

for overpressure up to 20bar. 

The containerised system can be located 

on the TBM, in the shaft or on the surface. 

新一代混合气体饱和作业设备的设计 : 设备方便移动 , 最高承压可达 20bar。集装箱式设计使成套设 

备可存放于盾构机上、井底或者地面上。 





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Hyperbaric Helmets 高压潜水面罩 

Unlike in the 4 th Tube of the River Elbe Tunnel and Wesertunnel 

projects, where the pressure was in excess of 4.5 and 5.0 bar, we were 

unable to work with compressed air under the Westerschelde. Instead, 

we used mixed gases, consisting of helium, nitrogen and oxygen. The 

equipment used by the divers was identical to that used in the other 

tunnel projects. Partially submerged work under the Westerschelde was 

carried out with the aid of a new, lightweight type of helmet used in the 

chemical industry. 

与工作压力为 4.5 巴的易北河第四隧道和工作压力为 5.0 巴的威悉河隧道不同的是 , 我们并不能在 

Westersheld 隧道中进行压缩空气潜水作业。取而代之的是由氦气、氮气和氧气组成的混合气体。潜 

水员所有配置也与前面的项目配置大同小异。但是 , 在 Westershelde 隧道潜水作业中 , 我们选用了 

一种更轻的 , 只在化学工业中用的面罩。 

These helmets, which are not available on the free market, were specially refitted and adapted for 

the task. All tests and trial runs prior to the start of the project were carried out at the Belgian 

Navy’s Hyperbaric Centre in Zeebrugge. This special helmet has two breathing regulators and a 

controllable cooling system, the latter being essential, as temperatures in front of the tunnel face can 

reach up to 50° Celsius. 

这些面罩是为此项目特别改进的 , 在市场上并不流通。在项目开始前 , 关于面罩的测试就已在比利 

时泽布勒赫海军高压中心进行。这种特制的面罩拥有两条呼气调节装置以及一个可控冷却系统。由 

于在隧道掌子面的温度可以高达 50 摄氏度 , 所以冷却系统就十分必要了。 

The NEW Technology 2012 

2012 年新技术 

This new helmet design of Composite Beat Engel, Switzerland is 

the construction of an overpressure helmet. It has been realized in 

close cooperation with Nordseetaucher GmbH. This type of helmet 

- that with an additional kit can be transformed within one hour into 

a breathing controlled helmet - is now operational in extreme 

hazardous environment like tunnel machines and gives full 

satisfaction to the user. Every helmet is provided with connections 

for surface air/gas supply, an independent emergency air/gas 

connection and communications equipment. 

面罩是由高压面罩生产商瑞士 Composite Beat Engel 公司设计制造 

的 , 经过和我们北海潜水员公司的密切合作已证明此面罩十分可靠。 

面罩内有一个转换装置 , 它可将面罩在一小时内可转换成可控呼吸 

面罩。每个面罩都配有与地面供气管路连接的借口、独立的紧急供 

气借口以及通讯装置。这种面罩现在已在环境条件十分恶劣的高压 

作业中使用 , 例如隧道作业 , 使用者对其十分满意。 





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The Nanjing Yangtze River Crossing Tunnel is a 2.990 km long 

twin tube crosses the river Yangtze in Nanjing, China. Two Slurry-TBMs 

( 14.96 m) are in use to excavate the tunnel in soft alluvium strata. The 

strata are mainly silt and fine sand. 

中国南京长江隧道是在中国南京的穿越长江的隧道项目 , 为全长 2990 米 

的双隧道 , 使用的是两台直径为 14.96 米的泥水盾构 , 掘进地质为黏土和细 

沙组成的软冲积层。 

The tunnel invert’s deepest point is 65 m below sea level. Due to tidal influence the water level of 

the river is typically between +/-1.5 m above/below sea level. 

隧道仰供块最深处低于海平面 65 米 , 由于潮汐影响 , 河面水位在正负海平面 1.5 米范围内波动。 

On this project, welding in compressed air was the major task to 

carry out. From our experience and research of welding in 

compressed air and under water we knew that it is not a real 

problem. But this time it was very extreme. The buckets of 6 arms 

of the TBM had to be renewed. Therefore we welded new supports 

on the side arms of the cutterhead. The total time of this work took 

more than 12 weeks, day and night. The pressure was up to 5.4 bar 

overpressure in air. To keep the support pressure stable we used 

bentonite with a special mixture of high density and viscosity. 

此项目的主要施工任务为压缩气体内进行焊接作业。根据我们以往的研究与经验 , 在压缩气体内进 

行焊接作业并不成问题。但由于此次刀盘六个刀臂的铲刀均需翻新 , 所以任务十分艰巨。在焊接进 

行前 , 刀盘边侧需焊接支撑。为此 , 我们全天候日夜连续工作了 12 周。工作压力已经达到 5.4 巴 , 

为稳定压力 , 我们选用了添加了高密度、高黏稠度的混合物的膨润土 

Maintenance and repair under compressed air was performed at up to 5.4 bar air pressure for works 

at the cutterhead and up to 6.5 bar for works at the stone crusher. Regular compressed air (no mixed 

gases) and oxygen decompression is successfully in use. In total more than 4.000 h of compressed 

air works and more than 945 total man interventions are performed. Only 3 minor cases of 

decompression illness are reported. 

焊接工作中 , 我们采用了最新设计的面罩。面罩配有三条供气管路 ,2 个调节器、1 条自由管路、通 

讯线路和带传感器的焊接护罩。 

刀盘维修作业的压力最高达到 5.4 巴 , 碎石机维修作业压力最高至 6.5 巴 , 但普通压缩空气作业 

( 非混合气体 ) 以及含氧减压都顺利进行。在总共 4000 小时的待压作业中 , 共进行了 850 人次进仓 

作业 , 减压病报告仅为 3 例。 





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The Esfahan Metro Tunnel is a 4.550 km long twin tube between 

Shohada Aquare and Azadi Aquare. The west and the east tunnel crosses the 

river Zayandehrood in the south of Esfahan, Iran. The two EPB TBM’s 

( 6.96 m) are in use to excavate the tunnel in soft alluvium strata. The strata 

are mainly silt, fine sand and gravel. 

伊斯法罕地铁隧道 ( 双隧道 ) 项目全长 4.55 公里 , 连接 SHOHADA 广场与 AZADI 

广场。隧道走向为东西向 , 横穿位于伊斯法罕城南的 ZAYANDEHROOD 河。施工 

设备为两台直径为 6.96 米的土压盾构 , 施工区域位于冲积软土层内 , 主要地质为粉土、粉砂和砂砾。 

The tunnel invert’s deepest point is 20 m below street level and river. 隧道底部最深点分别距离河 

面和路面 20 米。 

Welding in compressed air is the major task to carry 

out. But this time the job is more extreme. The 8 

cutterhead arms of the TBM had to be renewed more or 

less completely from the front side and the cutterhead 

edge of both machines from the back side. Therefore 

we welded new vertical side plates and new cover 

plates on the arms of the cutterhead and new hardox 

plates on the cutterhead edge. The total time of this 

work will take more than 6 month, day and night. The 

pressure is up to 2.0 bar overpressure in air. To keep 

the support pressure stable we used bentonite with a 

special mixture of high density and viscosity. 

本次作业内容主要为带压下焊接。但是 , 此次焊接工作十分艰巨 , 因为 , 焊接工作几乎要翻新两个 

刀盘所有 8 个刀臂的前部结构和刀盘后部边缘结构。因此 , 我们重新焊接了刀臂的支撑筋板以及新的 

面板 , 并重新焊接了刀盘边缘耐磨块。所有工作分白班晚班焊接 , 总耗时 6 个月。工作压力为 2bar 气 

压。掌子面稳定是通过添加了高密度、高黏度的膨润土进行维护。 

Maintenance and repair under 

compressed air is performed at up to 2.0 

bar air pressure for works at the 

cutterhead. Regular compressed air and 

oxygen decompression is successfully in 

use. In total more than 2.000 h of 

compressed air works and more than 375 

man interventions until 31.03.2010 are 

performed. No minor case of decompression illness is reported. 

刀盘保养和维修时工作压力为 2bar 气压。常规加压及吸氧减压操作十分成功。 

截至 2010 年 3 月 31 日 , 总带压工作时间超过 2000 小时 , 合计 375 人次。全程并无一例减压病发生。 





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Beijing Railway Tunnel ZJX – 2 Project 

北京直径线项目 





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Project: S-636 Metro Hangzhou 

杭州地铁 S-636 项目 

Change of the Main Gear Seals at 2.1 bar Overpressure. 

2.1bar 带压更换主轴承密封 

All 4 seals of the main bearing of a TBM were worldwide changed in overpressure in June 2012 for 

the first time. The unusual feature of this repair primarily consisted that the seals had to be changed, 

not like in the manufactory in a horizontal layer, in a vertical layer. 

在 2012 年 6 月 , 盾构机主轴承密封四道密封第一次在带压情况下进行了更换。此次更换密封工作的 

特殊性尤其体现在密封的安装是在轴承处于竖直方向 , 而非正常工厂的平方情况。 

To make the dismantling and assembly work easier some grits were 

mounted in the excavation chamber, so that each place of the main 

bearing was attainable without problems. The dismantling of the 

faulty seals and the Chamber Rings was carried out by means of 

pulling-off devices made especially for it. 

为使拆装及安装工作更加方便 , 我们在开挖仓内安装了一些平台 , 确 

保能够全方面、无障碍接近主轴承。通过特制的拖拉工具 , 将已损坏 

的密封及密封隔圈环拆除。 

Before the opening of the main bearing it was needed to clean the 

cutterhead and excavation chamber and suck out all material to make 

sure that no pollutions be able to hinder the seal replacement. 

在打开主轴承之前 , 为取得理想的更换密封环境 , 我们对开挖仓、刀盘 

进行了彻底清洁。 

All chamber rings and the seal housing were cleaned from any dirt and 

grease with high pressure water and cold-cleaner. 

所有密封隔圈环和密封腔都用高压水和除油剂进行清洁。 

The new seals were volcanized with a special bonding device of 

Nordseetaucher. To ensure a one hundred per cent connection, the 

device has been heated up to approximately 70 - 80 ° degrees Celsius 

for three hours. 

新密封通过北海公司的特殊装置进行了硫化。为保证密封已被彻底黏 

合 , 密封连接处通过特殊装置在 70-80° 间加热了 3 个小时。 

The correct situation of the single seals 

and chamber rings were measured 

before and after the mounting. The 

measurements record was made according the design plans, delivered 

by Herrenknecht AG. 

每道密封和密封隔圈环都在安装后 , 按照海瑞克提供的安装精度要求 , 

进行测量 , 确保安装精度。 





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Summary 概括 

High groundwater pressure (above 4bar) makes tunneling much more difficult and requires special 

knowledge of cutting edge technologies during design and construction. 

在大于 4bar 水土压力下 , 隧道施工变得更加困难。同时 , 对刀盘的设计和制造理念上需要更加专业 

的技术知识。 

TBM, tunnel equipment and tunneling procedures should be designed to enable reliable application 

of adequate support pressures at all times during excavation and hyperbaric interventions to 

counterbalance the acting groundwater head. 

盾构设备以及掘进功能的设计需满足 : 在正常推进或高压进仓时 , 能够稳定地提供足够的支撑压力 , 

用以支撑地下水压。 

If adequate primary components and backup systems are not installed on the TBM, major problems 

including cost overruns and time delays can occur. 

如果配套设备并未在盾构机上安装 , 则之后施工中可能增加经济和时间上的成本。 

Tunnel excavation in strong, fine grained cohesive soils and rock under high groundwater pressure 

is generally not problematic for Slurry- and EPB-TBMs, as typically the face is stable and the 

amount of inflowing water is low due to low permeability of the ground. 

如在硬土或岩石中进行隧道施工 , 由于底层的低渗透性 , 地下水不容易渗透。泥水盾构或土压盾构 

在此地层中推进将不会出现很大问题。 

In coarse-grained soil or unstable rock, tunnel excavation requires a reliable active face support to 

provide face stability and prevent excessive lost ground during tunneling and interventions. Suitable 

active face support is easier to achieve with Slurry-TBMs. 

但是 , 如果在粗粒土或不稳定岩石层中掘进 , 则需要在施工同时提供稳定可靠的支撑压力 , 保持掌 

子面稳定 , 防止在掘进和进仓过程中发生土体塌方。在这种工况下 , 泥水盾构更容易提供稳定的支 

撑压力。 

Depending on the level of the groundwater pressure, abrasiveness of the ground and the length of 

the corresponding tunnel sections, the TBM should include provisions for hyperbaric interventions 

using regular compressed air, mixed gases or saturation diving, depending on pressure level and 

duration of intervention time expected. 

根据地下水压大小、地层的磨蚀性、及在此地质下隧道掘进长度的不同 , 盾构机的配置应允许进行 

常规气压作业、混合气体作业或饱和潜水作业的可能性。实习选型可依据压力大小 , 和进仓时间而 

定。 

Only in very strong, low permeability soils or in competent rock are risks of attempting cutterhead 

interventions under free air reasonable (if not otherwise restricted), but there should always be 

provisions available to apply adequate compressed air support or ground treatment if needed. 

只有在低渗透性、高强度的土层或硬岩条件下 , 才可以适当冒险尝试在常压下进仓 , 否则应禁止常 

压进仓。但即使可以常压进仓 , 盾构设备也应配置可以足够提供维持支撑压力稳定的压缩空气系统 

或土体改良设备。 





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The experience gained in the projects proves that the saturation method is a very successful 

approach to hyperbaric tunnel constructions. It also shows us that work in compressed air is 

possible up to 6.5 bar overpressure, but not very efficient. 

实践证明 , 饱和潜水作业是一种十分成功可行的高压隧道作业。同时 , 在压缩空气下实际作业压力 

也可达到 6.5bar, 但工作效率并不乐观。 

The cooperation between the tunnel construction companies, the manufacturer of the TBM’s, the 

Herrenknecht AG, the Hyperbaric Medic Dr. Faesecke, the Hyperbaric Training Center, Germany, 

the Classification Company Germanischer Lloyd, the Design and Manufacture Company 

Composite Beat Engel and the Nordseetaucher GmbH is very rewarding and productive, and we 

hope that it can be intensified in future co-operations. The excellent training of the diving 

personnel, engineers and hyperbaric construction technicians involved in this ground-breaking 

projects, the continual training and the adaptation of the tunnelling machines to the existing 

conditions open up a highly promising perspective on the future of tunnel construction: 

deeper, larger and longer. 

北海公司与各隧道施工单位、盾构机生产商德国海瑞克公司、高压作业医疗顾问 DR. FAESECKE 公司、 

德国高压训练中心、德国船级检验公司 GERMANISCHER LLOYD,COMPOSITE BEAT ENGEL 设计和生产公 

司间的合作频繁且成果丰富。我们也寄望今后合作更加密切。随着破土工程中潜水人员、工程师人 

员、高压技术人员更加专业化 , 以及盾构设备根据现实工况的不断改进 , 我们有理由相信隧道施工 

将朝着一个更加宽广的方向发展 , 即 : 更深、更大、更长。 





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Requirements for Work in Compressed Air and Mixed Gas 

Operation Pressure 0.7 – 3.0 bar 

Intervention 

Method 

Required 

Equipment 

on the TBM 

Required 

Equipment 

for Hyperbaric 

Works 

Required 

Personal 

Requirement at 

the Excavation 

Chamber 

Breathing Gas: 

Compressed Air 

Work Method: 

Technician in 


Divers in Bentonite 

Minimum 

1 Air Lock 

equipped according 

to Compressed Air 

Regulation device 

with 

O 2 Decompression 

Excavation 

Chamber with 

double compressed 

air supply lines for 

safety reasons 


Breathing System 

for welding and 

cutting 

DN 300 mm 

Penetration 

Flanges for 

diver/technician 

breathing gas, 

monitoring, HP- 

Water and 

Hydraulic supply 

On the TBM: 

Front Gate & 

independent 

regulation tank to 

regulate the 

excavation 

chamber pressure 

during compressed 

air work 

Video Monitoring 

System 

At the Surface: 


Station inclusive 

air cooler and air 

filter 


Supervisor 


Team: 

1 Shift Supervisor 

2 trained 

Technicians 

changing the tools 

1 trained 

Technician in 

charge of material 

handling and 

service 

Surface Team: 

1 Lock Attendant 

(chamber operator) 

2 Service 

Technicians 

Max. working time 

in compressed air 

0,7 bar = > 4:00 hrs 

to 

3,0 bar = 2:45 hrs 

_______ 

Hyperbaric 

Doctor 

Necessary to lower 

the level of 

Bentonite under the 

location of the 

tools to be 

changed, 

to have free access 

to the excavation 

chamber 

Medical Advisor 





® 


Operation Pressure 3.1 – 5.0 bar 

Intervention 

Method 

Required 

Equipment 

on the TBM 

Required 

Equipment 


Works 

Required 

Personal 



Chamber 



or 

Mixed Gas 

Work Method: 

Technician in 



Minimum 

2 Air Locks 


to Compressed Air 

and Mixed Gas 

Regulations 

with 

O 2 Decompression 

Excavation 

Chamber with 




Compressed Air / 

Mixed Gas 



cutting 

DN 300 mm 

Penetration 




monitoring, 

HP-Water and 

Hydraulic Supply 

On the TBM: 

Front Gate & 

independent 


regulate the 

excavation 



air work 

Gas bottles for 

Mixed Gases 

Operations, 

specific Hyperbaric 

Helmets for the 

workers 

(see 

Nordseetaucher 

document) 


System 



station inclusive air 

cooler and air filter 


Mixed Gas 

Supervisor 


Team: 

minimum 2 shifts 


2 trained 

Technicians 


1 trained 

Technician in 


handling and 

service 

Surface Team: 



2 Service 

Technicians 


in Compressed Air 

3,1 bar = >2:50 hrs 

to 

5,0 bar = 1:00 hrs 

Mixed Gas 

5,0 bar = 2:15 

_______ 


the level of 



tools to be 

changed, 



chamber 

For diving in 

Bentonite extra 

entrance door 

below the centre in 

the lower area. 

Not necessary to 

lower the level of 

Bentonite 

Hyperbaric 

Doctor 






® 


Operation Pressure > 5.0 bar 

Intervention 

Method 

Required 

Equipment 

on the TBM 

Required 

Equipment 


Works 

Required 

Personal 



Chamber 


Mixed Gas 

Work Method: 

Technician and 

Divers in 

Mixed Gas 


Entering in Semi- 

Sat and Saturation 

Method 

Minimum 

2 Personnel Locks 


to Sat-Diving 

Regulations 

Excavation 

Chamber with 




Due to the long 

decompression 

time, specific 

equipment at the 

surface 

(see 


report) 

are necessary 

On the TBM: 

Front Gate & 

independent 


regulate the 

excavation 



air work 

Gas bottles for 

Mixed Gases 

operations, 

specific Hyperbaric 

Helmets for the 

workers 

(see 


report) 


System 

Saturation Mixed 

Gas Supervisor 

Team: 

minimum 2 shifts 


2 trained 

Technicians 


1 trained 

Technician in 


handling and 

service 

Surface Team 

TBM: 



2 Service 

Technicians 


the level of 



tools to be 

changed, 



chamber 

For diving in 

Bentonite extra 

entrance door 

below the centre in 

the lower area. 

Not necessary to 

lower the level of 

Bentonite 

Mixed Gas 



cutting 

DN 300 mm 

Penetration 




monitoring, 

HP-Water and 

Hydraulic Supply 



station inclusive air 

cooler and air filter 

Saturation Living 

System 

2x Transport 

Shuttle 

(see 


report) 

Sat.-System Team 

24 h Service 

on request 


in Semi-Sat or 

Saturation: 

on request 

_______ 

Hyperbaric 

Doctor 






® 


Containerized Hyperbaric- and Diver Treatment Chamber 

with Spray Fog Fire Fighting System 

Max. Design Pressure 

Max. Working Pressure 

Max. Test Pressure 

Main Chamber Capacity 

Ante Chamber Capacity 

Chamber Diameter 

Length of Main Chamber 

Length of Ante Chamber 

Length over all, 

incl. control panel 

Width over all 

Height over all, 

incl. illumination units 

5,5 bar 

5,0 bar 

8,25 bar 

3 seating or 

2 lying persons 

2 seating persons 

2000 mm 

2200 mm 

1000 mm 

approx. 4000 mm 

approx. 2020 mm 

2145 mm 

HAUX LIFE 

SUPPORT 

Starmed 2000 / 5.5 

Year of Construction 

2007 

Entrance and Control Panel 

Treatment Area to the Entrance 

Main Chamber Volume 

Ante Chamber Volume 

6.800 l 

3.100 l 

Material 

Mild Boiler Steel H II 

Treatment Area to the Ante Chamber 

Number of Doors 

3 pieces 

Rectangular Door (MC-direct access) 

1500 mm x 600 mm 

Circular Door, free diameter (AC-direct / MC-AC) 

700 mm 

Number of Windows in MC (Wall MC/AC and AC/MC door) 3 

Window Free Diameter (cylinder wall + doors) 

200 mm 

Supply Lock (MC-control-panel-side 1 

free diameter 

200 mm 

free length 

300 mm 

volume 

approx. 9 l 

NATO/STANAG/DIN-Bayonet-Flange (female) for connection of Rescue Chamber 

Electrical Connection 

Electrical Consumtion 

Certification 

Weight, chamber complete equipped 

1 arranged at AC-access 

230/400 Volt 50 Hz 

approx. 4000 Watt 

German Lloyd 

approx. 14.500 kg 





® 


TUNNELDIVING 

CONTAINER 

Container Datas: 

Length of Container 3,0 m 

Length over all 4,7 m 

Width over all 2,0 m 

Hight of Container 2,0 m 

Hight over all 2,25 m 

Container Equipment: 

1 x 1 Compressor Draeger K 14 200/300 

bar 

4 x 50 Ltr. HP Air Storage 

2 x 50 Ltr. HP Air Reserve 

1 x Diver Panel 

2 x Communication Round Robin 

1 x Video System 

1 x Air Test Unit 

1 x Office Computer 

Spare Parts 

Diver Umbilical: 

2 x 30 m Container – Flange 

3 x 20 m Flange – Diver 

Diver Helmets: 

2 x Kirby Morgan 27 / Composite DSL-D1 

Diver Suits : 

3 x Heavy Duty 

3 x Harness + Weight 

3 x Gloves 

Pressure-Wall Flange: 

Flange Diameter NW 300 (460 x 40 

mm) 

Flange Connection: 

3 x 3/8“ LPAir Supply 

3 x ¼“ Deapth Measurement 

1 x 1” Water Supply 

1 x 1” HP Air 

3 x Communikation (Round Robin) 

3 x Light 

2 x Video 

2 x Hydraulik Supply (in / out) 

2x Power Supply Welding / Cutting 





® 


Anti leakage and gas delivery line safety 

IBEDA – GAS - STOP 

The anti leakage and gas delivery line safety is especially constructed for use with gases obtained from either 

cylinder or mains supply. Through the double hose system, where there is the possibility of hoses damage or 

loose connections, the gas stop provides absolute safety by preventing unintentional and unnoticed escape of 

liquid fuel gas. 





® 


and 

presents 

POBS - Portable Oxygen Breathing System 

(Utility Model DE 20 2005 014 078) 

Transfer Lock 

under Pressure 

Med. Oxygen 

Oxygen Supply Hoses 

Oxygen Dump Hoses 

The Oxygen Breathing Unit consists of the following 

components: 

A hard case with a built-in mask connection panel 

Breathing masks 

A frame with a vacuum expiration assistance 

system 

An oxygen pressure reducer 

Connection hoses 

To install the system at a pressure chamber, two hull 

penetrators and a 7-wire electrical connection are 

needed (minimum 1”) 

The Frame can be placed at a safe location to dump the 

exhaled oxygen. The frame is connected to the pressure 

chamber with a large diameter exhaust hose. 

The frame has an expiration assistance system. 





® 


Portable Oxygen distribution system for 3 masks includes: 

- Heavy duty transport box, complete with integrated panel, consisting an aluminium anodized 

control panel, with line diagrams, pictograms, as well as 3 x inhalation and exhalation breathing 

regulators with a free flow adjustment knob, all with inhalation and exhalation isolation valves. 

- The interface hoses between the oxygen inlet and the oxygen outlet system, length each hose 3 

meters, and complete with phosphor bronze swaged fittings. 

- The chamber wall penetrations with control valves 

- Oxygen inhalation and exhalation hoses with a length of 45 meters 

- 1 x high pressure oxygen regulator; 1 x oxygen BIBS vacuum controller; 1 x low pressure 

reducer in the control panel 

- Exhaust vacuum system which makes it possible to exhale at shallow depths, and this exhaust 

vacuum control system will be installed in an ABS heavy duty transport case (identical to the 

oxygen panel which is used for the portable oxygen control panel) 

- all quick connectors on the oxygen control- as well as vacuum panels-, as well as on the hoses-, 

will be provided with blind caps/protective caps 

All fitted together to a full working system. 

The breathing masks to be connected to the portable oxygen system 

- We supply “Sea Long” resuscitation masks with a soft wearing comfort, better than the most 

other masks on the market. 

- The mask comes complete with a 90 degrees hose adaptor, and the headgear. 

- Also masks are designed for long term use, and can be disinfected easily. 

The communication system for the oxygen breathing masks: 

- The technician wearing a throat microphone, which has to be mounted around the neck / throat, 

by means of a small rubber strap 

The communication box: 

- The communication box is a transportable box with handgrip, and front lid to be installed at the 

position of the lock attendant or supervisor. 

- The communication box is provided with a 220 volt power supply, as well as a rechargeable 

battery. 

- Further the system is provided with volume controls, electrical connectors for the power leads 

running from the chamber to the diver communication box. 

- The length of the connection cable between the man lock and the communication system is up to 

45 meters, and will delivered complete with a electrical through hull penetrator, which has to be 

installed in the chamber wall. 





® 


VideoEndoscopeSystem 

Everest XL G3 

A video probe should be always used if the compressed air technicians are unable to inspect the tools at the 

cutter head in complete safety. 

The advanced, proven inspection technology of the XL G3 range of products enables you to inspect and 

measure the angle, depth and distance of all damage or objects precisely and safely. 

Images can be recorded, stored and retrieved for precise, seamless documentation. 

References: Herrentunnel Lübeck-Germany, Metro Linie 9 Barcelona-Spain, 

Pescanova Fish Farm, Mira-Portugal 





® 


Abrasive Cutting 

水下和盾构上的磨料切割技术 

Underwater and in Tunnel Boring Machines 

in co-opearation with 

cutting of concrete in a tunnel boring 

machine 

隧道内的混凝土切割 

WASS - System 

(WasserAbrasivSuspensions Schneidverfahren) 

is an abrasive cutting system for cutting of concrete and 

steel, above and underwater as well as for cutting in 

nuclear power plants and tunnel boring machines. 

WASS 系统 : 

WASS, 是指在混水下 , 隧道内或核电站内的混凝土或钢结构 

的磨料气割技术。 

Technical Datas 技术资料 

cutting pressure up to 1500 bar 切割压力最高搭 1500bar 

water flow 8-10 ltr./min 水流 :8-10 升 / 分 

abrasive (grit) consumption 1,3 kg/min 磨料消耗量 :1.3 

公斤 / 分 

cutting speed in steel is approx.: 钢结构的切割速度约 : 

50 mm thickness = 40 mm/min 50mm 厚 :40mm/ 分 

180 mm thickness = 15 mm/min 180mm 厚 :15mm/ 分 

The length to be cut was from 250° till 110° 

切割角度 :250° 至 110° 间 

The height to be cut was approx. 5 cm 

切割高度约 5 厘米 

The depth to be cut was approx. 110 cm 

切割深度约 110 厘米 

The nozzles were mounted on top of the cutter 

head. The hose were connected to the tunnel 

pressure wall. 

喷嘴安装在刀盘顶部 , 水罐通过盾体压力墙连接 





® 


Air supply 

Breathing protection equipment 

The compressed air filter unit AF 1400 produces breathing 

air in compliance with international standards from every 

compressed air source. The unit is fully compatible with all 

breathing protection devices that run with compressed air. 

The device can supply breathing air for up to four persons. 

No electrical socket is required. Its weather-proof, 

shockresistant and conductive casing makes 

the AF 1400 ideal for all kinds of on-site 

applications. 

AEROTEST Simultan LP 

AEROTEST Simultan HP 

The Aerotest LP and HP are the standard low and high pressure Aerotest simultaneous kits. 

Technical Data 

Technical Data 

Transport case 

Weight approx 4.4 Ibs (2 kg) 

Supply Pressure 

Maximum 150 psi (10 bar) 

Flow 

0.2 L/min and 4.0 L/min 

Detects Four Contaminants 

Oil, CO2, CO, H2O Vapor 

For use by 

Military, Chemical Industry, 

Pharmaceutical Industry, 

Medical Industry and Hospitals, 

Food Industry, Power Plants, 

Consultants and Contractors, 

Offshore Industries, Hyperbaric Tunnel Constructions 

Transport case 

Weight approx 6.6 Ibs (3 kg) 

Supply Pressure 

Maximum 4500 psi (300 bar) 

Adapters 

CGA 347 (female) connection 

to cylinder valve 

CGA 347 (male) connection to 

compressor/filling station 

(G 5/8" or INT) 

Flow 

0.2 L/min and 4.0 L/min 

Detects Four Contaminants 

Oil, CO2, CO, H2O Vapor 

For Use By 

Petro-Chemical Industry, Power 

Plants, Ship Industry, Gas 

Industry, 

Utilities, Fire Brigades, Industrial 

Hygienists, Manufacturing, 

Pharmaceutical Industry, 

Diving Industry 





® 


DNV Approved 

Easily handled 

Two sizes available 

Instant response 

Economica 

Hyfex Fire Extinguishers 

HY-FEX Model 7.5 Litre: 

Height 

600 mm 

Diameter 

150 mm 

Weight charged 

12 Kg 

Cylinder volume 7,5 liters 

Foam discharge 

50 liters 

Discharge time 

50 seconds 

Discharge distance 6 m 

Effective discharge 99% 

Cylinder test pressure 200 bar 

Cylinder working pressure 133 bar 

Temperature rating -15° to +55°C 

Tested depth 

450 MSW 

Chamber volume rated 14 m³ 

Hyfex Hyperbaric Fire Extinguishers are DNV Approved. They are simple, easily handled, and 

have been designed to be fitted in hyperbaric diving and medical therapy chambers. 

They are available in two sizes to facilitate easy mounting and be appropriate in the different 

compartment sizes found in such hyperbaric systems. 

The 3-liter Hy-Fex Extinguisher will probably be found in air dive chambers, entry and transfer 

compartments and the 7,5-liter Hy-Fex will suit main living chambers and large treatment 

chambers. 

They are foam stored pressure type charged up to 133 bar, with a suitable chamber gas-usually 

helium. This gas provides plenty of overpressure required to force the water and AFFF mixture 

through the outlet nozzle, to give a strong jet of foam. 

The Hy-Fex units mainly comprise of one robust aluminium cylinder containing the foam mixture 

and pressurized gas. 

This is in contrast to the old fashioned and cumbersome two-cylinder extinguishers used in the past. 





® 


DeepSea Lightweight Model DSL A-2 AIR 

This new helmet design of Composite Beat Engel, 

Switzerland is the construction of an overpressure 

helmet. It has been realized in close cooperation 

with Nordseetaucher GmbH. This type of helmet - 

that with an additional kit can be transformed 

within one hour into a breathing controlled helmet 

- is now operational in extreme hazardous 

environment like tunnel machines and gives full 

satisfaction to the user. 





® 


Research and Certification 研发与资质 

Because welding in compressed air becomes more and more interest in Caissons and Tunnel Boring 

Machines, Nordseetaucher GmbH has started in the beginning of the year 2010 a research and 

training program in co-operation with the Germanischer Lloyd, Germany and some manufacturer 

for welding electrodes and wires. 

水下沉箱施工和盾构施工对带压焊接的需求越来越大 , 因此 , 北海公司已于 2010 年初开始与德国船级社以及一 

些焊条和焊丝的供应商共同开启了研究与培训计划。 

The Hyperbaric Chamber 

for Research and Training 

研发与培训所需的高压仓 

Outside 外观 

Inside 内饰 

Divers and Compressed Air Technicians who has 

gone through the training program successfully 

receives a certificate as a 

Professional Certified Hyperbaric Welder. 

成功通过培训计划的潜水员或带压作业技师都将获得专业 

高压焊接资格证书。 





®

Reference List for Tunnel Construction - NORDSEETAUCHER GmbH

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