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consciousness about the statue and the funds needed to give The Lady a place to stay. Philadelphia, Boston, San Francisco, Cleveland, and Minneapolis all made offers to pay for the entire cost of building a pedestal and erecting the statue. Would she mean as much to America standing in Baltimore Harbor? Would there be a Golden Gate Bridge if there had already been a statue in San Francisco? And would a symbol of international friendship and freedom ring as true to the hearts of us all if it were placed at the headwaters of the Mississippi River? Pulitzer didn’t like the answers to those questions, and he continued his newspaper’s fund-raising drive with renewed zeal. Indeed, he criticized the rich and poor alike in its pages, chiding them for failing to realize the importance of the statue and to do their part to bring her to America and give her a permanent home. Calling it the “greatest display of international friendship ever proposed,” he called on schoolchildren to contribute their pennies as well. He arranged fund-raising theatrical performances, sporting events, and balls. As word began to spread, donations for her pedestal came from as far away as California, Colorado, Florida, and Louisiana. 20 She began as a token of friendship between France and the United States. She was, and remains, one of the most impressive, colossal statues on the face of the earth. All the while, young Bartholdi continued to design and develop his masterwork. He knew The Lady must be constructed of material light enough to travel across the oceans, but strong enough to withstand both the salty sea air of the harbor and the bitter Northeast winters. He settled on copper as the exterior metal, supported by an infrastructure of iron and steel. That framework, as essential as any element of the statute in maintaining its strength and beauty, was designed and executed by none other than Gustave Eiffel, the French engineer who gained fame some years later by designing a relatively well-known tower in Paris that bears his name. Four iron posts extend the entire height of the statue, forming a pylon that bears its weight. From that backbone extends a web of beams that support the exterior copper plates. Construction Begins The first draft of the statue was a model standing just four feet tall. Bartholdi perfected and perfected and perfected that version, until he was satisfied enough to construct a larger version, this one standing almost 10 feet tall. The next draft was a statue almost 40 feet tall. That version was divided into sections that were reproduced four times their size, resulting in the finished statue. Enlarging each section required about 9,000 measurements and more than 300 sheets of hand-hammered copper to form The Lady’s exterior shape. In a December 1882 letter, he wrote: “Work advances. The statue commences to reach above the houses, and by next spring we shall see it overlook the entire city.” In June of 1884, Levi P. Morton, the American Minister to France, held a banquet to celebrate the completion of the statue. Alas, Eduoard de Laboulaye could not be there. Although he’d been instrumental in inspiring Bartholdi’s work, he had died the previous year. In his place as President of the Franco- American Union, the official body formed to shepherd the statue’s construction and delivery to America, was Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the Suez Canal. The Final Touches On June 11, 1884, Morton hosted a banquet in honor of the Franco-American Union and in celebration of the completion of the statue. De Lesseps made these remarks at the banquet: “This is the result of the devoted enthusiasm, the intelligence, and the noblest sentiments which can inspire man. It is great in its conception, great in its execution, great in its proportions; let us hope that it will add, by its moral value, to the memories and sympathies that it is intended to perpetuate. We now transfer to you this great statue and trust that it may forever stand the pledge of friendship between France and the great republic of the United States.” In response, his American counterpart said: “May [it] stand until the end of time as an emblem of imperishable sympathy and affection between the Republics of France and the United States.” ■
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