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Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology 9700 syllabus Other information Learning outcomes removed from the syllabus content The following learning outcomes have been removed from the 2015 version of the syllabus. A Level only learning outcomes are indicated in bold type. G (i) outline the roles of nitrate ions and of magnesium ions in plants H (h) explain how tobacco smoking contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) (i) evaluate the epidemiological and experimental evidence linking cigarette smoking to disease and early death (j) discuss the difficulties in achieving a balance between preventions and cure with reference to coronary heart disease, coronary by-pass surgery and heart transplant surgery K (a) define the terms habitat, niche, population, community and ecosystem and be able to recognise examples of each (b) explain the terms autotroph, heterotroph, producer, consumer and trophic level in the context of food chains and food webs (c) explain how energy losses occur along food chains and discuss the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels (d) describe how nitrogen is cycled within an ecosystem, including the roles of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g. Rhizobium) and nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) N (b) define the term excretion and explain the importance of removing nitrogenous waste products and carbon dioxide from the body (l) explain what is meant by the term endocrine gland (m) [PA] describe the cellular structure of an islet of Langerhans from the pancreas and outline the role of the pancreas as an endocrine gland (o) outline the need for, and the nature of, communication systems within flowering plants to respond to changes in the internal and external environment Q (d) describe the reasons why one named species has become endangered, and use this information in the context of other endangered species R (b) explain the advantages of treating diabetics with human insulin produced by gene technology S (a) outline the use of microorganisms in the extraction of heavy metals from low grade ores (b) explain what is meant by the terms batch culture and continuous culture (c) compare the advantages and disadvantages of batch and continuous culture with reference to the production of secondary metabolites (e.g. penicillin), enzymes (e.g. protease) and biomass (e.g. mycoprotein) T (a) [PA] describe and explain the structural features of a named, wind-pollinated plant (b) compare the outcomes of self-pollination and cross-pollination in terms of genetic variation (c) [PA] describe the structure of the fruit in maize and explain the function of the endosperm (d) explain the significance of the grains of cereal crops in the human diet U (a) [PA] describe the histology of the mammalian ovary and testis (e) discuss and evaluate the biological, social and ethical implications of the use of contraception 78 www.cie.org.uk/alevel Back to contents page
Cambridge International Examinations 1 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 2EU, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1223 553554 Fax: +44 (0)1223 553558 Email: info@cie.org.uk www.cie.org.uk ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 *9160746266*
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