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350 Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory ANNEX Reagents and their preparation Order Reagents are listed in alphabetical order. For example: acetic acid is under A brilliant cresyl blue is under B carbol fuchsin is under C hydrochloric acid is under H sodium carbonate is under S Each reagent has a number which appears after the name (the numbers are given in the techniques). q.s. = the quantity required to make up a certain volume For example: sodium chloride 8.5g distilled water q.s. 1000ml This means: Place 8.5g of sodium chloride in a volumetric flask. Add enough water (q.s.) to obtain a total volume of 1000ml. Chemical formulae In most cases the chemical formulae of the compounds used are given immediately after the English names: — sodium chloride (NaCl) — potassium hydroxide (KOH) — sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) etc. This can be useful when checking the label on the bottle. Acetic acid, 50g/l (5%) solution (No. 1) Glacial acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) 20ml Distilled water q.s. 200ml Label the bottle “ACETIC ACID 5% SOLUTION” and write the date. Warning: Glacial acetic acid is highly corrosive. Acetic acid, 100g/l (10%) solution (No. 2) Glacial acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) 20ml Distilled water q.s. 200ml Label the bottle “ACETIC ACID 10% SOLUTION” and write the date. Warning: Glacial acetic acid is highly corrosive. 350
Annex. Reagents and their preparation 351 Acetic acid, 500g/l (50%) solution (No. 3) Glacial acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) 100ml Distilled water q.s. 200ml Label the bottle “ACETIC ACID 50% SOLUTION” and write the date. Warning: Glacial acetic acid is highly corrosive. Acetone–ethanol decolorizer for Gram stain (No. 4) Acetone 200ml Absolute ethanol 475ml Distilled water 25ml Mix the acetone, ethanol and distilled water and transfer to a clean glass-stoppered bottle. Label the bottle “ACETONE–ETHANOL DECOLORIZER” and write the date. Acid–ethanol for Ziehl–Neelsen stain (No. 5) Hydrochloric acid (HCl), concentrated 3 ml Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH), 95% 97ml Label the bottle “ACID–ETHANOL FOR ZIEHL–NEELSEN STAIN” and write the date. Warning: Hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive. Acid reagent (No. 6) Concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) 44ml Orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), 85% 66ml Cadmium sulfate 1.6g Thiosemicarbazide 50mg Distilled water q.s. 500ml Half fill a 500-ml flask with distilled water, add the sulfuric acid very slowly, stirring constantly, and follow with the orthophosphoric acid. Continue mixing the solution and add the thiosemicarbazide and then the cadmium sulfate. Make up the volume to 500ml with distilled water. Transfer the reagent to a brown bottle. Label the bottle “ACID REAGENT” and write the date. Store at 2–8°C. The reagent will keep for at least 6 months at 2–8 °C. Warning: Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive. Albert stain (No. 7) Toluidine blue 0.15g Malachite green 0.20g Glacial acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) 1 ml Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH), 96% 2 ml Distilled water q.s. 100ml Dissolve the glacial acetic acid in 30ml of distilled water in a clean 100-ml bottle. Add the toluidine blue and malachite green and mix well. Add the ethanol and make up the volume to 100ml with distilled water. Mix well. Label the bottle “ALBERT STAIN” and write the date. Store at room temperature. Warning: Glacial acetic acid is highly corrosive.
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M A N U A L O F B A S I C TECHNIQUE
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Contents i Manual of basic techniqu
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Contents iii Contents Preface x 1.
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Contents v 4.2.1 Collection of spec
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Contents vii PART III 231 7. Examin
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Contents ix 10.1.3 Method 322 10.1.
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1. Introduction 1 1. Introduction 1
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1. Introduction 3 The following sec
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1. Introduction 5 Table 1.4 SI deri
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1. Introduction 7 Table 1.5 (cont.)
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2. Setting up a peripheral health l
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3. General laboratory procedures 53
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4. Parasitology 103 Part II
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4. Parasitology 105 4.Parasitology
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4. Parasitology 107 4.2 Examination
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4. Parasitology 109 colourless, red
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4. Parasitology 111 Table 4.3 Patho
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4. Parasitology 113 Fig. 4.13 Invas
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4. Parasitology 115 Motility: eithe
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4. Parasitology 117 Rapid Field sta
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4. Parasitology 119 Fig. 4.24 Featu
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4. Parasitology 121 Identification
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4. Parasitology 123 Measurement Acc
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4. Parasitology 125 Shape: round or
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4. Parasitology 127 ● ● ● The
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4. Parasitology 129 Fig. 4.39 Terms
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4. Parasitology 131
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4. Parasitology 133 Fig. 4.42 Ancyl
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4. Parasitology 135 Dipylidium cani
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4. Parasitology 137 Fig. 4.59 Trans
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4. Parasitology 139 Fig. 4.66 Heter
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4. Parasitology 141 Shell: smooth,
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4. Parasitology 143 Fig. 4.79 Filli
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4. Parasitology 145 These granules
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4. Parasitology 147 Fig. 4.92 Adult
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4. Parasitology 149 Fig. 4.97 Featu
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4. Parasitology 151 Fig. 4.101 Schi
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4. Parasitology 153 Method Preparat
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4. Parasitology 155 2. Using the sp
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4. Parasitology 157 differentiated
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4. Parasitology 159 5. Add to the t
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4. Parasitology 161 Method Collecti
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4. Parasitology 163 Procedure for o
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4. Parasitology 165 Table 4.8 Chara
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4. Parasitology 167 Method 1. Colle
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4. Parasitology 169 7. Remove the s
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4. Parasitology 171 Cephalic space
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4. Parasitology 173 Table 4.10 Geog
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4. Parasitology 175 Fig. 4.132 Coll
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4. Parasitology 177 1. Allow the th
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4. Parasitology 179 Table 4.11 Comp
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4. Parasitology 181 Table 4.12 (con
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4. Parasitology 183 African trypano
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4. Parasitology 185 Fig. 4.144 Twis
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4. Parasitology 187 Fig. 4.150 Usin
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4. Parasitology 189 The above mater
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4. Parasitology 191 Fig. 4.158 Appl
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4. Parasitology 193 clinical sympto
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4. Parasitology 195 Examination of
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5. Bacteriology 197 5. Bacteriology
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5. Bacteriology 199 5.2.4 Fixation
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5. Bacteriology 201 Fig. 5.14 “Ac
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5. Bacteriology 203 Table 5.2 Repor
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5. Bacteriology 205 ● Parasites:
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5. Bacteriology 207 Throat specimen
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5. Bacteriology 209 Other bacteria
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5. Bacteriology 211 5.6.3 Microscop
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5. Bacteriology 213 Fig. 5.28 Sperm
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5. Bacteriology 215 3. Load an impr
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5. Bacteriology 217 Fig. 5.34 Vibri
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5. Bacteriology 219 2. Remove the s
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5. Bacteriology 221 5.12.2 Method C
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5. Bacteriology 223 Fig. 5.43 Trans
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6. Mycology 1 6.1 Examination of sk
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6. Mycology 227 6.2.1 Materials and
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6. Mycology 229 Fig. 6.8 Transferri
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232 Manual of basic techniques for
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Page 382 and 383: 370 Index BI, see Bacteriological i
Page 384 and 385: 372 Index Dark-field microscopy 64,
Page 386 and 387: 374 Index Formaldehyde-ether sedime
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Page 394 and 395: 382 Index Strongyloides stercoralis
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