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Index 381<br />
Smears (continued)<br />
preparation/fixation 197–199,<br />
198–199<br />
staining techniques 199–201,<br />
199–204, 204<br />
Soaps, identification 145, 145<br />
Sodium bicarbonate 364<br />
Sodium carbonate 364<br />
Sodium chloride 364<br />
flotation technique 152–153, 152–153<br />
Sodium citrate, see Trisodium citrate<br />
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate,<br />
anhydrous 361–362<br />
Sodium hydrogen carbonate, see Sodium<br />
bicarbonate<br />
Sodium hydroxide 364–365<br />
Sodium hypochlorite 84–85<br />
Sodium metabisulfite 365<br />
Solar energy, electrical supply 13–15<br />
Solar stills 26, 26–27<br />
Specimen collection<br />
appropriate 102<br />
blood 267–270, 267–270, 280–282,<br />
281, 286<br />
malaria parasites 174–175, 174<br />
microfilariae 164, 164, 166<br />
thin blood films 300, 301<br />
trypanosomes 186, 186, 189, 189<br />
body cavity fluids 218<br />
CSF 255, 255<br />
fungal infection 225, 227–228, 228<br />
leprosy 221–222, 221–223<br />
lymph node aspirates<br />
184–185, 184–185<br />
pinworm eggs 135–137, 135–137<br />
pus 220, 227<br />
semen 212<br />
skin 161–163, 161–163, 195, 196<br />
sputum 205, 205–206<br />
stools 107, 216–217, 217<br />
syphilis chancre 210, 210<br />
throat swabs 206, 206<br />
urine 231–232, 238, 241, 249, 252<br />
urogenital samples 207–208, 215<br />
Specimen containers 34, 42–44, 42–44<br />
cleaning 81–82, 82<br />
Specimens<br />
dispatch 91–96, 93–94<br />
disposal 97<br />
registration 46–51<br />
Spectrophotometers (see also<br />
Colorimeters) 271–279<br />
calibration 272–274, 273, 276–277<br />
Sperm counts (see also Semen<br />
specimens) 214–215<br />
Spherocytes 308, 308<br />
Spherocytosis, hereditary 308<br />
Spinal compression 257, 262, 263<br />
Spirit lamps 35<br />
Sputum, disinfection 84<br />
Sputum specimens 204–206, 205<br />
containers 44, 44, 82, 82<br />
Sputum specimens (continued)<br />
Corynebacterium diph<strong>the</strong>riae 201,<br />
201–202<br />
dispatch 92<br />
Staining techniques 109<br />
blood films 175–176, 175–178,<br />
303–305, 304<br />
faecal cysts 123–124, 124<br />
faecal trophozoites 117–118<br />
Leishmania spp. 195<br />
microfilariae 170–171, 171–172<br />
Onchocerca volvulus 163, 163<br />
Plasmodium spp. 175, 177<br />
smears 199–201, 199–204, 204<br />
Staining troughs 34<br />
Stains (see also Staining techniques;<br />
Ziehl–Neelsen stain)<br />
Albert 201, 201–202, 351<br />
brilliant cresyl blue 316–317, 317,<br />
318–319, 353<br />
Delafield’s haematoxylin 355<br />
eosin 117–118, 356<br />
Field 117, 356–357<br />
Giemsa 299–300, 304, 305, 357–358<br />
Gram 199–201<br />
Leishman 359<br />
May–Grünwald 299, 304, 305, 354,<br />
360<br />
Romanowsky 265, 299<br />
Wayson 367<br />
Standard curve, haemoglobin<br />
concentration 273<br />
Starch granules, identification 144,<br />
144–145<br />
Sterilization (see also Cleaning;<br />
Disinfection) 85–90, 86–87,<br />
89–90<br />
autoclaving 86–87, 86–88<br />
boiling 89<br />
dry heat 89–90, 91<br />
using a pressure cooker 89–90, 90<br />
Stills<br />
demineralized water 33<br />
distilled water 24–27, 25–26<br />
Stirring rods, how to make 40–41, 40<br />
Stocktaking, supplies 45–46<br />
Stools, disinfection 85<br />
Stool specimens<br />
containers 42, 42, 82<br />
dispatch 92<br />
occult blood 157–159, 159<br />
parasitology 107–110, 107–110<br />
watery 216–218, 217<br />
Stoppers, volumetric flasks 76<br />
Storage<br />
supplies 45<br />
water 24<br />
Streptococcus pneumoniae 257, 260,<br />
260–261<br />
Streptolysin O 336–338<br />
Strongyloides stercoralis<br />
eggs 109, 128, 143, 143
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