7. Issues and Challenges in Aquatic Invasive Alien Species - Seafdec

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2. Overall Objectives of Action Plan for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species • To understand the causes of the introduction of alien species and genotypes and the impact of such introductions on biological diversity • To identify gaps in existing or proposed legal instruments, guidelines and procedures to counteract the introduction of and the adverse effects exerted by alien species and genotypes; paying particular attention to transboundary effects • To collect information on national and international actions to address the abovementioned problems, with a view to prepare for the development of a scientifically-based global strategy for dealing with prevention, control and eradication of those alien species that threaten the habitats and species in both marine and inland ecosystems; • To establish an ‘incident list’ on introductions of alien species and genotypes, through national reporting process or any other appropriate means and • To promote awareness of IAS issues among senior level officials, policy makers, community stakeholders, industry and the general public through media, educational curricula and other communication means. 3. General Overview of Aquatic Alien Species in Malaysia Fish species have been moved from one place to another since time immemorial. No proper inventorisation and documentation on fish species has been established for Malaysia to classify them as either indigenous or alien ones except for a paper written by Ang, et. al. in 1998 and Zakaria - Ismail (1994) which noted that 41% of the native species in the Gombak river basin were lost during the last 25 years. Currently, there is little research work being conducted on IAS. There is also a lack on coordination between government, non governmental organizations, private sectors and universities to mitigate the problems caused by IAS. People generally take fish for granted and they lack the awareness of the negative impacts of the IAS for fish in the long term. We need an authority to focus on IAS in various sectors in order to manage the above-mentioned problems. 7
4. Status of Aquatic Alien Species in Malaysia In Malaysia many species had been introduced as early 19 th century but there is still no comprehensive catalogue or coordinated monitoring programme of IAS and thus no official statistics on the total number and types of IAS for fish species. However, there are lists of native and alien aquarium freshwaterfish species, freshwater food fish, marine food fish, aquatic plants and marine dinoflagellates found in Malaysian waters. 4.1 Aquaculture (Food Fish: Freshwater and Marine) The rapid expansion of aquaculture has increased the movement of live fish and other marine organisms. Fresh water species has been estimated to be around 522 species. The Malaysian marine environment contains a diverse range of marine organisms with over 4,000 identified species. Appendices 1 and 2 show lists of freshwater food fish and marine food fish in Malaysia, respectively. The followings are some of the important alien fish species for food in Malaysia: 1. Carps Javanese carp or Puntius gonionotus Introduction of the Chinese major carps (grass carps, bighead carp, silver carp and common carp) and the practice of polyculture started in the 1800s (Welcomme, 1981). The introduction was associated with the immigration of Southern Chinese who brought along the techniques of culture (Ang et al, 1989). It also marks the beginning of aquaculture in Malaysia. The first successful induced spawning of the bighead carp was reported in 1969 at the then Tropical Fish Culture Research Institute, Batu Berendam, Malacca (Chen et al, 1969). The Indian major carps were introduced into Malaysia between late 50s and early 60s. A total of 2,960 fingerlings were brought to Malacca in 1957 and 1961 (Khan and Jhingran, 1975). Catla, rohu and mrigal were imported from Calcutta in 1960 and raised at the Tapah Fish Breeding Station and later part of the stock was sent to Malacca. Javanese carp, known locally as ‘lampam jawa’, is one of the most important freshwater fishes cultured in the country. Described originally as Puntius javanicus by Bleeker in 1850, it was reclassified by him as Puntius javanicus in 1855 (Mohsin and Ambak, 1983), and more recently as Barbodes gonionotus by Rainboth (1981). The fish was first introduced in 1953 from Indonesia (Welcomme, 1981) and was bred by DoF for distribution to fish farmers. In 1992, some 120,000 Javanese carp were released in mining pools, rivers and reservoirs throughout the country. In an effort to expand the gene pool, subsequent reintroductions of the fish from Indonesia and Thailand, where the fish is known as Thai silver carp, were undertaken by the Government in the late 1970s and mid-1980s. 8
Page 4 and 5: MESSAGE FROM THE HONOURABLE DATO’
Page 6 and 7: LIST OF ACRONYMS AS BDIWE CCRF CBD
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction Of the 100 world’
Page 12 and 13: 2. Tilapia (Oreochromis mozambique,
Page 14 and 15: has been detected in 1993 in Latin
Page 16 and 17: There were reports of the fish caus
Page 18: 7. Live Baits Some examples of live
Page 21 and 22: 6. Institutional Framework and Coor
Page 23 and 24: The main issues facing Malaysian fi
Page 25 and 26: Strategy 2: Implement Effective Con
Page 27 and 28: Strategy 4: Review Rules and Regula
Page 29 and 30: Strategy 7: Enhance Skills, Capabil
Page 31 and 32: 9. Establish response teams in orde
Page 33 and 34: Strategy 6: Establish Financial and
Page 35 and 36: Jan Jeffrey Hoover, K. Jack Killgor
Page 37 and 38: Appendix 1 List of Aquarium Fishes
Page 39 and 40: 93. H. brownie Browns’ Mouthbrood
Page 41 and 42: 188. P. dinghani Dinghan Cichlid 1
Page 43 and 44: Appendix 3 List of Marine Food Fish
Page 45 and 46: 44. Paspalum vaginatum 45. Bacopa r
Page 47 and 48: 134. Cryptocoryne retrospiralis Ara
Page 49 and 50: 228. Micranthemum unbrosum Scrophul
Page 51 and 52: Appendix 5 List of Marine Dinoflage
Page 53 and 54: Penalties Part VI, Section 25(b): (
Page 55 and 56: n n n n n n n n n NACA/OIE Quarterl

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