1t0SC7l

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2.2.7 Household labour study The study was initiated to gain knowledge on household labour distribution over the year. This knowledge is useful in decision making during the introduction of new agricultural practices and policies. The daily activities and non-timber forest products (NTFP) gathering of eighteen (18) households at Ebimimbang and Nyangong, and few Bagyeli families in the TCP area were recorded for one year. This study was carried out in collaboration with the NTFP team of TCP. 2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 2.3.1 Components of farms in the forest zone Generally, the production system of a farm (Farming System) in the evergreen forest of Cameroon is made up of the following components: household component, cropping component, animal component, soil component and non-agricultural component (activities) such as hunting, fishing, and off-farm activities. These components are interrelated and are under the influence of external biophysical and socio-economic parameters such as climate, road and market infrastructures, market price, land tenure, credit availability, etc. (Figure 2.1). According to 92% of the farmers interviewed (i.e. 185 over 200 farmers), cropping system activities (Crop production) remain the first priority activity, followed by animal husbandry, then fishing, palm wine tapping, wild fruits collection, hunting, and oil palm exploitation (Table 2.2). In the cropping component, shifting cultivation involving food crop fields and fallow is the first priority land use type according to 80% of the farmers, followed by perennial plantations, then home gardens (Figure 2.1 and Table 2.3). Table 2.2. Farmers’ priority activities Major Activities Rank Farmers Reasons for ranking ranking (%) Cropping activities 1 92 Diverse consumption and revenues Animal husbandry 2 29 Guests reception, dowry, ceremonies Fishing 3 35 Local consumption, less revenue Palm wine tapping 4 45 Consumption and non-sustained revenues Wild fruits collection 5 22 Seasonal consumption and revenues Hunting 6 32 Diverse consumption and revenues Palm oil extraction 7 48 Simple local consumption Sample size n = 200 Table 2.3. Farmers’ priority land uses in a farm Land use type Rank Farmers Reasons for ranking ranking (%) Shifting cultivation 1 80 High consumption and revenues Perennial plantations 2 56 Decreasing revenues of the produce Home garden 3 72 Various consumption and low revenues Sample size n = 200 2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics The following socio-economic data were collected to supplement the information given in discussed in Section 1.3.2. Roads Three types of unpaved communication roads are present at the site: 1) motorable public roads, 2) motorable logging roads and 3) footpaths. The two motorable public roads form the northern (road Kribi-Lolodorf via Bipindi) and southern (road Kribi - Ebolowa via Akom II) boundaries of the site, and the motorable logging roads connect the two. The condition of these earth roads depends on the season; speed during the rainy season may not exceed 25 km / h. 10
BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTS Climate, Market, Price, Road, Credit, Land tenure law,..... Food Income Management HOUSEHOLD SUB-SYSTEM - Composition - Labour - Reproduction - Decision - Objectives - etc. Food Income Management CROPPING SUB-SYSTEM - Home garden • Ecosystem of plants association - Perennial Plantations • Cocoa fields • Oil palm fields - Shifting Cultivation • Food crop fields • Fallow land . Feed • Labour • Land • Capital Organic Fertilizer ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SUB-SYSTEM - Species - Pasture, barn - Feed and feeding - Diseases - Pests - Equipment - Materials - etc. - Nutrition - Anchorage Fertilizer SOIL SUB-SYSTEM - Degradation - Fertility - Type - Elements - etc. Anchorage Fertilizer Trade, Masonry, Carpentry, Fishing, Hunting,.... OFF-FARM AND NON-AGRICULTURAL Figure 2.1. Components of the farms in the forest zone 11
Page 2 and 3: Farming systems in the evergreen fo
Page 4 and 5: ABSTRACT Nounamo, L. and Yemefack,
Page 6 and 7: 4.3.4 Relationship between commerci
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE This report presents the fi
Page 10 and 11: stability and structure, and the de
Page 12 and 13: (calcium), le pourcentage de satura
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1.1. Location map of the TCP
Page 16 and 17: 600 28 500 27 Rainfall (mm) 400 300
Page 18 and 19: low pH (3.8 to 5) and a high clay c
Page 20 and 21: Characteristics of the four sub-sit
Page 24 and 25: Roads may temporarily be closed, du
Page 26 and 27: swamps and valley bottoms are also
Page 28 and 29: Table 2.6. cont’d Species Ewondo
Page 30 and 31: dispose of land near the village, o
Page 32 and 33: The heat may, however, reduce the g
Page 34 and 35: is an activity practised by nearly
Page 36 and 37: The crop production activity takes
Page 38 and 39: Table 2.17. Priority socio-economic
Page 40 and 41: 3 ASPECTS OF SOIL DEGRADATION UNDER
Page 42 and 43: 3.2.3 Laboratory soil analyses Soil
Page 44 and 45: The magnitudes of changes are inver
Page 46 and 47: as it is practised in shifting cult
Page 48 and 49: 15 years. The vegetation evolves th
Page 50 and 51: Organic matter. Organic carbon incr
Page 52 and 53: Microbial Biomass Carbon C (ugC/g s
Page 54 and 55: processes on soil chemical properti
Page 56 and 57: soil, result in loss of soil aggreg
Page 58 and 59: 4 TRENDS IN FIELD EXPANSION AND SOI
Page 60 and 61: Greenland, 1960; Sanchez, 1976; Vol
Page 62 and 63: 5 SOLUTIONS TO FARMERS’ PROBLEMS
Page 64 and 65: Integrated Nutrient Management meth
Page 66 and 67: REFERENCES Almy, S.W., Besong, M.T.
Page 68 and 69: Prat, C. (1990). Relation entre ér
Page 70 and 71: ANNEX 2: CHECKLIST FOR THE EXPLORAT
Page 72 and 73:
ANNEX 4: AGRICULTURAL LAND EXPANSIO
Page 74:
ANNEX 6: AGRICULTURAL LAND EXPANSIO
show all

1t0SC7l

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?