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Integrated Nutrient Management methods defined by Janssen (1993), based on combined application of mineral and organic fertilisers. Improved fallow and agroforestry technology packages are available at ICRAF. Prosperous farming: shifting cultivation should move from subsistence farming to income generating farming to guarantee food security and alleviate poverty of the local population. This can be made possible if the following parameters are improved or adopted: land tenure rights and laws, market system, integrated low input and short fallow agricultural system, improved fallow, integrated cropping system and improved animal husbandry, and diversification of farmers’ crops. A survey carried out in the area (Table 5.2) shows the willingness of the farmers to adopt changes in the actual farming system. Table 5.2. Farmers’ predisposition to innovations Activities New crops Integration of improved animal husbandry Agricultural intensification Bee keeping Other innovations 97 78 75 60 97 Sample size n = 200 5.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT From this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Farmers in the area consider the cropping system their most important activity; 2. The food crop production is mainly for the subsistence of the household, and is practised mainly by women; 3. A substantial number of tree species are used as indicators of suitable or unsuitable lands; 4. Due to land shortage, land tenure rights, population pressure, etc., farmers are replacing the expanding shifting cultivation by the rotational short fallow; 5. Nevertheless, agricultural land is expanding into the primary forest, and this is mainly for Cucumeropsis mannii production; 6. Shifting cultivation leads to chemical and physical soil deterioration and to erosion, but only the chemical deterioration gives reason for concern; 7. The optimum fallow length that can restore natural soil fertility in southern Cameroon is at least 10 years; 8. There is a need to intensify the agricultural system, either by improving the natural fallow system or by extending the cropping period through the use of external input such as organic manure or other fertilisers, with the aim to guarantee food security and alleviate poverty of the local people. The findings presented also leads to the following recommendations: 1. Cropping practices must be considered as the most important activity in land use planning; 2. This agricultural system must move from subsistence farming to income generating farming; 3. For that, access to the market and roads should be improved; 4. Non-Timber Forest Products should also be taken into account in the agricultural system and research must find way to domesticate the most important ones; 5. Fallow length should be about 10 years; 6. The Cucumis sativum variety adapted conditions after a short fallow may be a good substitute for Cucumeropsis mannii; 7. Crop diversification and stimulation of animal husbandry should be considered; 8. Improvements of the existing system are required rather than entirely different alternatives; 52
9. Follow-up research should develop and test sedentary technologies to improve farmers’ unsustainable, subsistence shifting cultivation and to link these technologies with socioeconomic policies providing disincentives for further deforestation; 10. Landscape dynamic models of agricultural land dynamics in space and time should also be developed to support decision making while delineating boundaries of management units; 11. The Government should consider the need for reviewing land tenure rights and laws. 53
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Farming systems in the evergreen fo
Page 4 and 5:
ABSTRACT Nounamo, L. and Yemefack,
Page 6 and 7:
4.3.4 Relationship between commerci
Page 8 and 9:
PREFACE This report presents the fi
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stability and structure, and the de
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(calcium), le pourcentage de satura
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1.1. Location map of the TCP
Page 16 and 17: 600 28 500 27 Rainfall (mm) 400 300
Page 18 and 19: low pH (3.8 to 5) and a high clay c
Page 20 and 21: Characteristics of the four sub-sit
Page 22 and 23: 2.2.7 Household labour study The st
Page 24 and 25: Roads may temporarily be closed, du
Page 26 and 27: swamps and valley bottoms are also
Page 28 and 29: Table 2.6. cont’d Species Ewondo
Page 30 and 31: dispose of land near the village, o
Page 32 and 33: The heat may, however, reduce the g
Page 34 and 35: is an activity practised by nearly
Page 36 and 37: The crop production activity takes
Page 38 and 39: Table 2.17. Priority socio-economic
Page 40 and 41: 3 ASPECTS OF SOIL DEGRADATION UNDER
Page 42 and 43: 3.2.3 Laboratory soil analyses Soil
Page 44 and 45: The magnitudes of changes are inver
Page 46 and 47: as it is practised in shifting cult
Page 48 and 49: 15 years. The vegetation evolves th
Page 50 and 51: Organic matter. Organic carbon incr
Page 52 and 53: Microbial Biomass Carbon C (ugC/g s
Page 54 and 55: processes on soil chemical properti
Page 56 and 57: soil, result in loss of soil aggreg
Page 58 and 59: 4 TRENDS IN FIELD EXPANSION AND SOI
Page 60 and 61: Greenland, 1960; Sanchez, 1976; Vol
Page 62 and 63: 5 SOLUTIONS TO FARMERS’ PROBLEMS
Page 66 and 67: REFERENCES Almy, S.W., Besong, M.T.
Page 68 and 69: Prat, C. (1990). Relation entre ér
Page 70 and 71: ANNEX 2: CHECKLIST FOR THE EXPLORAT
Page 72 and 73: ANNEX 4: AGRICULTURAL LAND EXPANSIO
Page 74: ANNEX 6: AGRICULTURAL LAND EXPANSIO
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