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swamps and valley bottoms are also used during the long dry season for off-season production. It is common to find a stripe of forest vegetation between the home garden field and the perennial plantations. This forest stripe is the place for straying of animals, mainly pig. It is also the place used by farmers for immediate needs such as firewood, material for building, repair and construction, and domestication of some forest tree species. Food crop fields Crops, cropping pattern, cropping sequence. More than 40 crop species are grown in the TCP area (Table 2.6). In the food crop field, crops are grown in association. An association may be made up of more than 10 crops; those crops of the association represented in higher density are termed major crops; those crops represented in lower density are termed minor crops. Major food crops are cassava, cocoyam, banana-plantain, ‘ngon’ (Cucumeropsis mannii), groundnut, maize, and yam. Minor food crops are vegetables, fruit trees, sugar cane, and pineapple. New crops or crops being grown for 20 years only are soybean, ‘ndole’ (Vernonia), Irish potato and citrus. Obsolete crops are rice, taro and sweet potato. Crops sold on the market or at the roadside are cassava, cocoyam, banana-plantain, maize, groundnut, yam, sugar cane, fruit, palm nut, coconut. The 4 major crop associations, highly linked to the type of preceding fallow, are: 1) Cucumber / cocoyam / plantain / maize (from a cleared and burned forest fallow); 2) Groundnut / maize / cassava / cocoyam / plantain (from a cleared and burned bush fallow); 3) Groundnut / maize / cassava / cocoyam (from a cleared and burned Chromolaena fallow); 4) Cucumber (var. ‘seng’le’) cocoyam / plantain / maize (from a cleared and burned bush fallow). Minor crops are found in all associations mentioned above. Table 2.6. Food crops and trees grown in the TCP area Species Ewondo English French Uses FOOD CROPS Manihot esculenta Mbon Cassava Manioc Roots, leaves Arachis hypogaea Owondo Groundnut Arachide Grains Zea mays Fon Maize Maïs Green and dry grains Oryza sativa Oles Rice Riz Grains Musa parasidiaca Ekon Plantain Plantain Fruit Musa sapientum Odjoe Banana Banane Fruit Xanthosoma pubescens Mekaba Cocoyam Macabo Tubers, leaves (X. sagittifolium) Colocasia esculenta Kie-atu Taro Taro Tubers, leaves Solanum tuberosum Metora Irish potato Pomme de terre Tubers Ipomea batatas Mebouda / Sweet potato Patate douce Tubers, leaves Dioscorea spp. D. rotundata D. dumetorum D. cayenensis D. bulbifera nkogo Ekodo Messol Yam White yam Trifoliate yam Yellow yam Aerial yam Ignames Igname blanche Igname jaune Tubers Tubers Tubers Tubers Aerial tubers Amaranthus cruentus Folong Amaranth Amarante Leaves Amaranthus hybridus Folong Amaranth Amarante Leaves Amaranthus spinosus Zom / bikabili Amaranth Amarante Leaves Solanum nigrum Osan zom Black night shade Morelle noire Leaves Solanum gilo raddi Etwa Egg plant Aubergine feuille Solanum incanum Zong Garden egg Aubergine indigène Voandzeia subterranea Methob Bambara nut Vouandzou Grains Talinum triangulare Elok Water leaf Grasse Leaves Leaves with groundnut Fruit vegetable 14
Table 2.6. cont’d Species Ewondo English French Uses Ocimum basilicum Ossim Basil Basilic Spice, medicine Ocimum gratissimum Messep Basil Basilic Spice Cucumeropsis mannii Ngon Cucumber Concombre Seeds Cucurbita pepo Ngon Cucumber Courgette Seeds Cucumis sativum Ngon Cucumber Concombre Seeds, leaves Cucurbita maxima Mindzeng / abok Pumpkin Portiron Leaves, fruit, seeds Cucurbita spp. Singling Pumpkin Courge Fruit Citrullus lanatus Seng’le Seed melon Pastèque Young leaves, seeds Lagenaria siceraria Ndeg Calabash Calebasse Household instrument Corchorus olitorius Tege / kelenkelen Tossa Corète potagère Leaves Vernonia spp. Metet / yolo-yolo Bitter leaf Tisane Leaves Triumphetta pentandra Nkui Soup vegetable, bark Allium cepa Meyan Onion Oignon Vegetable / spice Phaseolus vulgaris Kom Bean Haricot Vegetable, grains Dolichos lablab Kon Bean Haricot Pods / seeds Capsicum frutescens Ondondo beloa Bird pepper Pili pili Spice Capsicum annum Ondondo Chillies Piment Vegetable eprwebe Zingiber officinale Tsindsa Ginger Gingembre Spice, medicine Piper guinensis Ondondo afan Spice Aframomum melegueta Ndong Paradise grain Maniguette Spice / medicine Aframomum spp. Mvonlo / esson Spice / medicine Hibiscus esculentus Bitetam Okra Gombo Fruit-vegetable Lycopersicum Ngoro Tomato Tomate Fruit-vegetable esculentus Nicotiana tabacum Ta’a Tobacco Tabac Stimulant leaves Saccharum officinarum Nkok Sugarcane Canne à sucre Juicy stem Costus Mien (Costus) (Costus) Acid spice Ananas comusus Zek Pineapple Ananas Juicy fruit TREE SPECIES Elaeis guineensis Alen Biton Oil palm Palmier à huile Oil, palm wine, basket, broom Raphia sp. Zam Raphia palm Palmier raphia Wine, furniture, construction Citrus sp. Ofoumbi Citrus Agrumes Fruit C. sinensis C. aurantifolia C. reticulata C. paradisi C. grandis C. limon Ofoumbi ntangan Limes Mandarin Ofoumbi bikabili Ofoumbi beti Orange Lime Tangerine Grapefruit Grapefruit Lemon Orange Limon Mandarine Pamplemousse Pamplemousse Citron Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Mangifera indica Ndok ntangan Mango Mangue Fruit, bark for medicine Persea americana Fia Avocado Avocat Fruit Cola acuminata Abe Cola nut Cola Stimulant fruit Cola nitida Abe goro Cola Cola Stimulant fruit Cola lepidota Mvoue Cola Cola Stimulant fruit Cocos nucifera Mvondo Coconut Noix de coco Fruit Theobroma cacao Caca Cocoa Cacao Cash crop fruit 15
Page 2 and 3: Farming systems in the evergreen fo
Page 4 and 5: ABSTRACT Nounamo, L. and Yemefack,
Page 6 and 7: 4.3.4 Relationship between commerci
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE This report presents the fi
Page 10 and 11: stability and structure, and the de
Page 12 and 13: (calcium), le pourcentage de satura
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1.1. Location map of the TCP
Page 16 and 17: 600 28 500 27 Rainfall (mm) 400 300
Page 18 and 19: low pH (3.8 to 5) and a high clay c
Page 20 and 21: Characteristics of the four sub-sit
Page 22 and 23: 2.2.7 Household labour study The st
Page 24 and 25: Roads may temporarily be closed, du
Page 28 and 29: Table 2.6. cont’d Species Ewondo
Page 30 and 31: dispose of land near the village, o
Page 32 and 33: The heat may, however, reduce the g
Page 34 and 35: is an activity practised by nearly
Page 36 and 37: The crop production activity takes
Page 38 and 39: Table 2.17. Priority socio-economic
Page 40 and 41: 3 ASPECTS OF SOIL DEGRADATION UNDER
Page 42 and 43: 3.2.3 Laboratory soil analyses Soil
Page 44 and 45: The magnitudes of changes are inver
Page 46 and 47: as it is practised in shifting cult
Page 48 and 49: 15 years. The vegetation evolves th
Page 50 and 51: Organic matter. Organic carbon incr
Page 52 and 53: Microbial Biomass Carbon C (ugC/g s
Page 54 and 55: processes on soil chemical properti
Page 56 and 57: soil, result in loss of soil aggreg
Page 58 and 59: 4 TRENDS IN FIELD EXPANSION AND SOI
Page 60 and 61: Greenland, 1960; Sanchez, 1976; Vol
Page 62 and 63: 5 SOLUTIONS TO FARMERS’ PROBLEMS
Page 64 and 65: Integrated Nutrient Management meth
Page 66 and 67: REFERENCES Almy, S.W., Besong, M.T.
Page 68 and 69: Prat, C. (1990). Relation entre ér
Page 70 and 71: ANNEX 2: CHECKLIST FOR THE EXPLORAT
Page 72 and 73: ANNEX 4: AGRICULTURAL LAND EXPANSIO
Page 74: ANNEX 6: AGRICULTURAL LAND EXPANSIO

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