Training Report: Millennium Development Goals in the SAARC Region

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Working Sessions of rural households are chronically food insecure and another 18% face seasonal food shortages. So, 20-40% of Afghans need varying levels of food assistance at different times of the year. Poverty in areas without irrigation is likely to be higher with 65% of the households are food insecure. Afghanistan has revised the MDG targets, which is to be achieved till 2020 on income level the 3%. Proportion of people who suffer from hunger will be decreased about 5% till 2020. In late 2001, more than 5000 schools were built or renovated. More than 100,000 teachers have been trained and recruited. More than 7 million male and females students are enrolled in schools and about 8200 students are enrolled in different universities around the country in 2011. Literacy rate of the entire population is 28%. Female literacy rate is comparatively low around 10 %. Regional comparisons of primary schools completion rates for girls and progress toward MDG goals showed Afghanistan to be the only country out of 16 ranked as “seriously off track. Women in Afghanistan are more likely than men to be engaged in various types of informal activities, such as unpaid family work, and small-scale economic activities that are difficult to measure, and that offer less enjoyment of employment rights and benefits. Afghanistan has almost the highest percentage of seats allocated for women in the national parliament. This will have little impact on enhancing women's political participation. According to the report, infant and under-five mortality rates in Afghanistan are among the highest in the world. The Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) are targeted to reduce by 50% of the 2003 levels by 2015 and by two-third by 2020. At 1600 deaths per 100,000 live births, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Afghanistan is equal only to the most poor, conflict-affected countries in the world. It is estimated that 65 women die from pregnancy-related causes per 1000 live births. Afghanistan is a potentially high-risk country for the spread of HIV/AIDS. Drug abuse is prevalent; most users inject drugs through shared needles and are unaware of the dangers. There is no systematic testing for HIV before blood transfusion. In 2007, the World Health Organization released a report ranking Afghanistan lowest among non-African nations in deaths from environmental hazards. Lack of access to improved water sources and poor sanitation is a major contributory factor to poor health outcomes. As forest cover decreases, the land becomes less productive, threatening the livelihood of the rural population. Loss of vegetation also creates a higher risk of foods, and also causes the soil erosion and decrease the amount of land available for agriculture. The report stated that to meet the MDGs in Afghanistan, the level of investment in the security sector, transport and infrastructure must be maintained. At the same time, MDG achievement also hinges on a significant increase of investments in the social sector. The development of the Interim ANDS in 2005 and the full ANDS in 2006 provides the opportunity for donors to support the government in prioritising policy choices for the period until 2010. However, this involvement also obliges donors to enhance the overall effectiveness of aid by better aligning their support around the priorities articulated in the ANDS, and by harmonising and simplifying their policies and practices. Dr. Savita Sharma presented the country report of India. According to the report, India’s MDG framework recognizes all the 53 indicators that the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) endorsed in 2003. However, India has found 35 of the indicators relevant to India. As per available statistics, the percentage of the population in poverty declined from 45% in 1993-94 to 37% in 2004-05. In 2009-10, the India’s Head Count Ratio (HCR) has declined from 37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8. According to the new estimate of HCR at the national level (47.8%), the country is required to achieve a HCR level of 23.9% by 2015 in order that MDG target 1 is achieved. With this rate of decline, the country is expected to achieve poverty HCR level of 26.72% by 2015. Anti poverty programs and policies operating in the rural areas are: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA); Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY); National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM); Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) or Indira Housing Scheme. Programs launched in the urban areas include: Jawahar Lal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission; Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program; Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY). 7
Working Sessions India’s trend of the proportion of underweight children below 3 years of age shows that India is going slow in eliminating the effect of malnourishment. According to the official estimates, the proportion of underweight children has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43% to about 40% and at this rate of decline is expected to come down to about 33% only by 2015. Nutrition Programs include: National Mid-Day Meal Scheme; Integrated Child Development Scheme or ICDS (1975). Food Security Programs for the poor include: Targeted Public Distribution Scheme (TPDS); Antyodaya Anna Yojana; Annapurna Scheme; and National Food Security Bill. By the measure of Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in primary education, the country has already crossed by 2008- 09, the 95% cut-off line regarded as the marker value for achieving 2015 target of universal primary education for all children aged 6-10 years. Primary enrolment of 6-10 year old children has improved from 83% in the year 2000 to over 95% in 2007-08. The country is on the track to achieve cent percent primary education for children in the primary schooling age of 6-10 years ahead of 2015. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) guarantees free and compulsory education to the children of 6 to 14year age group as a fundamental right. The survival rate at primary level up to Grade V has increased to 76% in 2008-09. India is likely to attain 100% Youth literacy by 2015. The target for eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary enrolment by 2005 has not been achieved in India as per the available data for Gender Parity Index (GPI) for Enrolment, in the sense that though almost perfect parity was attained in the primary level of enrolment, it was not so in secondary level. However, by the cut-off line for achievement as internationally recognized, the target has been achieved for primary grade by 2007-08. The rates of increase in GPI signify India’s on the track progress to achieving gender parity in enrolment by 2015, even for secondary grade. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan or ‘Education for All’ program recognizes that ensuring girl’s education requires changes not only in the education system but also in societal norms and attitudes. The ratio of literate women to men in the age group 15-24 years stands at 0.88 in 2007-08. The ratio of literate women to men in the age group 15-24 years tends to exceed by 2015, implying reaching a state of gender disparity against male youths in literacy by 2015. In India, the share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector is slow. The percentage share of females in wage employment in the non- agricultural sector, stood at 18.6% during 2009-10. It is projected that with this rate of progression, the share of women in wage employment can reach a level of about 23.1% by 2015. The Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) at national level has declined during the last decade. U5MR in India for the year 2010 stands at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural areas to 38 in urban areas. To reduce U5MR to 42 per thousand live births5 by 2015, India tends to reach near to 52 by that year, missing the target by 10 percentage points. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined by six points between 2008 and 2010 with IMR at national level being 47 in 2010. With the present improved trend due to sharp fall during 2008-09, the national level estimate of IMR is likely to be 44 against the MDG target of 27 in 2015. The national level measure of the proportion of one-year old (12-23 months) children immunized against measles has registered an increase from 42.2% in 1992-93 to 74.1% in 2009. India is expected to cover about 89% children in the age group 12-23 months for immunization against measles by 2015. Thus, India is likely to fall short of universal immunization of one year olds against measles by about 11 percentage points in 2015. To reduce child mortality rate, child health interventions under the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Program include: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI); Promotion of Infant and Young Child Feeding; Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) Program; and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Control. India has recorded a sharp decline in the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) by 35% from 327 in 1999-2001 to 212 in 2007-09. India tends to reach MMR of 139 per 100,000 live births by 2015, falling short by 30 points. The coverage of deliveries by skilled personnel has increased almost from 33% in 1990 to 52% during 2007- 08. With the existing rate of increase in deliveries by skilled personnel, the likely achievement by 2015 is only to 62%, which is far short of the targeted universal coverage. In order to improve maternal health, maternal health care facilities include: ante-natal care; natal care; post-natal care. 8
Page 1 and 2: Training Course on Millennium Devel
Page 3 and 4: Contents Contents Foreword Executiv
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: Introduction policy initiatives as
Page 9 and 10: Introductory Session Introductory S
Page 11: Working Sessions She opined that pr
Page 15 and 16: Working Sessions secondary educatio
Page 17 and 18: Working Sessions Dr. Aurang Zeb, Gr
Page 19 and 20: Working Sessions Dr. Baikunta Aryal
Page 21 and 22: Working Sessions Goal 2 ‘Achieve
Page 23 and 24: Working Sessions resulted in a sign
Page 25 and 26: Recommendations of Working Groups R
Page 27 and 28: Recommendations of Working Groups D
Page 29 and 30: List of Participants 6. Mr. Muhamma
Page 31 and 32: List of Participants 27. Mr. Muhamm
Page 33 and 34: Working Programme Day 3: Wednesday,
Page 35 and 36: Annex-III Power Point Presentations
Page 37 and 38: 31 Power Point Presentations
Page 43 and 44: Power Point Presentations PROGRAMME
Page 47 and 48: Power Point Presentations THREATS 4
Page 49 and 50: Power Point Presentations FOOD SECU
Page 59 and 60: Power Point Presentations EFA DEVEL
Page 61 and 62: Power Point Presentations Millenniu
Page 63 and 64:
Power Point Presentations Did you k
Page 65 and 66:
Power Point Presentations Goal # 7
Page 67 and 68:
Country Reports Country Report Mald
Page 69 and 70:
Country Reports Government efforts:
Page 71 and 72:
Country Reports 65
Page 73 and 74:
Country Reports Poverty profile HCR
Page 75 and 76:
Country Reports Achievement: MGD Go
Page 77 and 78:
Country Reports Goal 7: Ensure Envi
Page 79:
Country Reports 73
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Training Report: Millennium Development Goals in the SAARC Region

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