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A2 October 12, 2011 The President Post www.thepresidentpost.com Opinion Great Man, Great King, Great Leader By Mohamad Sobary A king whom is respected, obeyed by his people, is also called a great king. Thus a popular idea was launched: “Throne for the People” which suggested that a kingdom and its king provide protections – in many aspects of life – to the people TThe people of Solo are very proud of their great poets because Yogyakarta never had one. Ronggo Warsito is one of the great poets it has, whose reputation still lives on until today and who was admired for his ability to ‘read’ the signs of the time that were relevant to the current condition. His thoughts about the “era of madness” had been passed down as a way to look at the “value system” and the dynamics of social changes that are still adopted today and very popular among all social layers. He didn’t actually have the skill to see the future; he only analyzed the socio-political condition at the Solo Palace or locally known as Kraton Solo during the Dutch colonial era which he thought was “devastating” because of an anomie condition he described as tense and “threatening” to the harmony of the Javanese culture during that period of time. The people of Yogyakarta also had their own pride. They are proud that Yogyakarta had great kings and Solo didn’t. The rich cultural colors that both Kraton Yogya and Solo have are passed down to their generations with enmity, or in sociological term called “cultural animosity”. The fact was that the two Kratons had actually “emerged” from the same ancestor: Raden Sutawijaya, who was later known as Panembahan Senapati. Panembahan – who was during his younger years called Raden Ngabehi Loring Pasar – was recorded in history as the founder of Mataram Dynasty that moved Pajang Kingdom to a new central government he built in Kota Gede called the old Kraton. The founder of the Mataram dynasty (1578- 1601) was a great king. The people called him “Wong agung ing Ngeksigondo”, the great man, the great king, in Ngeksigondo, in the Kota Gede area. He was a student who chewed everything that his teacher, Sultan Hadiwijaya – who was known as Jaka Tingkir at his younger age because he came from Tingkir village – taught him in Pajang. For the Javanese people, to equip oneself with skills and knowledge and heritage represent their aspirations to become an ideal human being. By mastering both the inner and physical knowledge, Panembahan was able to control the world of spirits. In Javanese myths, Panembahan and all the kings in Mataram after him magically married Ratu Kidul, the ruler of the Southern Sea along the Java Island. Here it was crystal clear that the greatness of a king – in his personal capacity – is measured based on how much and how deeply the king masters the inner and physical knowledge and “kawaskitan”, or the ability to understand things that are related to spirits and every phenomena that would happen. Only special people will be able to obtain the “laduni” knowledge – knowledge obtained without having to go through the learning process, which is called “waskita”. So, Panembahan Senopati – as reflected in his title – is called “Rojo asariro pandito – the king that has the spirit and the capacity to become a priest, man of religion. A king whom is respected, obeyed by his people, is also called a great king. Thus a popular idea was launched: “Throne for the People” which suggested that a kingdom and its king provide protections – in many aspects of life – to the people. It would be a great shame for the king and his kingdom if the whole village from one of its areas moved to another kingdom to find a better living as they consider the other kingdom as safer and can guarantee their livelihood. Once upon a time while in front of the Kaaba in Mecca, somebody pulled the Sultan’s robe and he was surprised to learn that it was his own servant that did that robe. The Sultan asked his servant why he was there and how he got there. The servant proudly replied: thanks for your majesty’s “karton luhringo” prayers. The Sultan was obviously in shock. This was because he was only joking about “karton luringo”. Kar means burning. Ton means concrete – the seed of a jackfruit – Luh means ten, Ri means kari or leave, Ngo is “songo”, or nine. So, For the Javanese people, to equip oneself with skills and knowledge and heritage represent their aspirations to become an ideal human being. the complete meaning is: “mbakar beton sepuluh gosong siji kari songo” or burning ten jackfruit seeds, one is badly burnt, leaving only nine. Noteworthy: the joke of a great man can become a reality. Imagine when he is serious. And it did not stop there. The Sultan once tested his understanding about poverty. Was poverty a fate or was it a “worldly invention” that can be overcome with other “worldly inventions”? With this question in mind, the Sultan summoned the kingdom’s ‘gamel’, a person who looks after the Sultan’s horses. The gamel was a poor man and he lived in a village, outside the kraton. After depositing hays for the horses, the ‘gamel’ received a watermelon. He said to himself that village people don’t need watermelon. He then went to the market and sold the watermelon. He bought cendol or traditional dessert to quench his thirst from the money he got from selling the watermelon. Now, we all know that the meat of the watermelon had been replaced with gold, jewelries, diamonds, and other valuable gem stones. If these jewelries were sold, the ‘gamel’ would have been rich. And for sure, he would stop working as a ‘gamel’. But a ‘gamel’ remains a ‘gamel’. And the Sultan concluded: it turned out that poverty is a “fate” that had been brought down from the “sky”. This is a folklore of the Yogyakarta people, which has been widely passed down and at the same time to strengthen the greatness of the Sultan among its people until today. The greatness of the Sultan is also attached closely in the people’s hearts because he also synchronized the Javanese new year “Suro” with the Islamic new year “Muharam”. The first day of Suro is also the first day of Muharam. Suro is Muharam, and Muharam is Suro. Java and Islam were synchronized to support each other and to enrich one another. Later on, in our era, this spirit is translated as Indonesianization of Islam, and indigenizing Islam: joint ideas that matches with one another, from Gus Dur, Cak Nur and Pak Munawir Sadzali, without any intention to control or dominate but merely to regulate and to offer spirituality to create a peaceful Indonesia both politically and culturally. An inclusive great mind that created peace was already born during the era of the Great Sultan and it was amazing. The Sultan was indeed a great man and he nurtured all sides, including the world of spirits due to his marriage to Ratu Kidul. The Sultan left a trace of “rendezvous”, in the form of a ‘Cepuri”, a romantic and sacred small “palace” in Parang Kusumo, which remains sacred until today. The Sultan’s greatness was written in history when he defeated VOC in Batavia. The great Sultan was very courageous and daring. Even the most wicked VOC trembled when they faced the great confrontation. It was during this era that Mataram reached its glory, its golden era, after the era of Majapahit. However, Mataram experienced a major setback after this while in the hands of the Amangkurats who were unable to fight the Dutch. The Trunojyo rebellion erupted and shocked the Dutch and Kraton that led the Kraton to be moved to Kartosuro. When it was moved again to Surokarto, Paku Buwono II was very weak, he let the condition to deteriorate further. The Chinese rebellion in 1740-1743 made the condition become worse. This was followed by an insurgency by Raden Mas Sudjono, or Pangeran Mangkubumi, and Raden Mas Said, or Pangeran Sambernyowo, who later became Pangeran Mangkunegara I. Finally in 1755, the kraton was divided into two: Solo and Yogya. Kraton Yogya was founded in 1755 under the Giyanti Agreement. And Raden Mas Sudjono, Pangeran Mangkubumi, took the throne with a title: “Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan Hamengku Buwono, Senopati ing Ngalogo, Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panotogomo, Khalifatullah. Hamengku Buwono is a symbol of a king that serves the world and one who protects every citizen. Hamengku means a leader that has to give more and not ask from its people. For the Javanese people, the Sultan is very ideal because he has to understand where human beings come from and where they will return. Sultan also means that he has to build lives in harmony to create the “manunggaling kawulo gusti” environment. It wasn’t a surprise to see Hamengku Buwono got this title because when he was young; he was Pangeran Mangkubumi and the title basically has the same meaning as Hamengku Buwono. The title Mangkubumi was also not surprising because he was the son of Amangkurat IV, the ruler of the universe. Ngerso Dalem Kanjeng Sulan Hamengku Buwono IX had other greatness because he ruled in a different era. The Dutch was very irritated by him because this Sultan always defeated them. Let’s not forget about Yogya’s huge sacrifice for this republic. If at the time the Sultan wanted to remain a Sultan, Yogya would be considered a foreign country, and that means the leaders of this republic who happened to be in Yogyakarta were in a foreign country – that would make this republic running without leaders. That would have made it easy for the slick Dutch leaders to take over and abort this republic. But the Sultan was “wong agung lan waskito”. And it was he who formulated the suggestion “The Throne for the People”. Until now, the Sultan’s greatness is still maintained. And in Sabdatama, the command and words of Ngerso Dalem, The throne for the People, will live eternally. Only the people who do not understand history and those who do not know how to return favors would insist on eliminating Yogyakarta’s special privilege. Until now, the Sultan’s greatness is still maintained. And in Sabdatama, the command and words of Ngerso Dalem, The throne for the People, will live eternally. Only the people who do not understand history and those who do not know how to return favors would insist on eliminating Yogyakarta’s special privilege. The President Post THE SPIRIT OF INDONESIA The President Post - Circulation Departments Menara Batavia 25th Floor Jl. K.H. Mas Mansyur Kav. 126 Jakarta 10220, Indonesia Phone: +62 21 572 7337 Fax.: +62 21 572 7338 Email: circulation@thepresidentpost.com SUBSCRIBE NOW PERSONAL INFORMATION Name Mr Mrs Ms Renew Address Home Office Postal Code Date of Birth YES! 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Shreve Jeannifer Filly Sumayku Eka Putri EDITORIAL & CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT Srimay Noviani LAYOUT & DESIGN Mohamad Akmal PHOTOGRAPHER Nandi Nanti HEAD OF SALES & MARKETING Detia H. Rais SALES EXECUTIVE Erni Imansyah Vesovio Lonco MARKETING & PROMOTION Fenty Lisary
www.thepresidentpost.com The President Post October 12, 2011 A3 The World THE CHANGING GLOBAL ECONOMY: Emerging Countries Set to Move Over the past decade the emerging countries have consistently post higher growth rates. According to statistics advanced countries average growth rates were first 2.9% and the emerging countries 3.6%. This has changed to the following comparison: the advanced countries 1.9% and the emerging countries 6.6%. By Atmono Suryo CHANGING WORLD IIn this 21st century it is becoming increasingly evident that a different world economic landscape is shaping up. As it now stands the world is still in a stage of transition. Countries should be prepared to be confronted with a number of unexpected developments and to make the necessary adjustments. In this era of globalization some massive changes will be in the making. It is being forecast that there will be a shift of economic power from the West to the East, and that the world will become a multipolar world with a large number of growth poles. Also, that the world economic landscape will undergo meaningful shifts. But one of the most important features of change is the rise of the developing countries and the increasing central role of the emerging countries in the global economy. The developing countries’ difficult struggle to improve their economic and social conditions actually dates back to some 50 years ago, the 60’s and 70’s. It was in 1964 when the Group of 77 Developing Countries came into being, at the first session of UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) in Geneva. That was the first attempt of the Third World to close ranks among the developing countries. The G77 launched the concept of the New International Economic Order at the Sixth Special session of the United Nations to bring about a peaceful, just and prosperous world. It also took the initiative to begin the North-South Dialogue between the developed and developing countries. However, all those attempts of the past have failed. But a new momentum is now developing in this 21st century. This will give a chance for the developing countries to achieve growth and welfare for their people and to strengthen their position in the global economy. A highly important development in this era of globalization is the rise of the developing countries in the global economic setting. It will be noted that the emerging countries have been on the move to reform and develop their economies to keep up with the developments in this interdependent and complex world. The projected shift of economic power will slowly alter the world economic landscape. A small number of emerging countries GEO-ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE ADVANCED G20 BRICS OTHER EMERGING G20 OTHER ADVANCED OTHER EMERGING have been the forerunners of the developing countries in their respective regions. China and India are in the lead in Asia, Brazil in Latin America and Russia covering the Eastern part of Europe extending to Asia. The BRIC (Brazil-Russia-India-China) were followed by 6 other emerging countries, including Indonesia, to come to the present group of 10 Emerging Countries. In addition changes will also take place in the strategic areas of economic paradigm, economic policies and business practices. It covers the area of economic and social development and trade. It also covers the crucial area of investments and services and importantly the critical area of finance which continues to be in disarray. The emerging countries are the ones riding high on the waves of these changes or even triggering the necessary changes by taking advantage of the new opportunities open to them. This is happening in East Asia with the two giants in the lead, China and India, taking advantage of the experience of their predecessors of earlier times, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the other Asian tigers. GEO-ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE The map above shows the need and importance of developing closer cooperation between the emerging countries and the more advanced countries with the two main groupings cooperating under the G20 umbrella. As is known the G20 consists of the advanced countries (of the G7/G8 which consist of the United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy – plus Australia and South Korea. And the 10 Emerging countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Indonesia, South Africa and Saudi Arabia. They consist of the BRIC countries (yellow) plus the other emerging countries (blue) which includes Indonesia. The G20 grouping represents the largest part of the world in terms of geographic size but also in terms of GDP/economic size. It represents 85% of of the world GDP, 80% of world trade, and twothird of the world population. Another important point to note is that over the past decade the emerging countries have consistently post higher growth rates. According to statistics advanced countries average growth rates were first 2.9% and the emerging countries 3.6%. This has changed to the following comparison: the advanced countries 1.9% and the emerging countries 6.6%. With the 10 emerging countries developing at a faster rate (to be followed soon by other developing countries) this will undoubtedly speed up the changes of the global economic landscape—to become a multipolar world with an increasing number of growth poles not only in Asia but also in Latin America and other parts of the world such as the Gulf countries. THE BIG TASK AHEAD It is of strategic importance for the global economy that in the coming years the emerging countries should be on the constant move. Not only to occupy a better “place in the sun” in the global economy, but also to achieve a new world economic order which which was the goal of the G77 developing countries years ago (Note: Indonesia belongs to the Group of the 77 developing countries). The World Bank, Asian Development Bank, BBVA and many media predict that the ten big emerging countries, located in every part of the world, will change the face of global economics and politics. 10 BIG EMERGING COUNTRIES Latin America : Mexico, Brazil, Argentina Asia : China, India, South Korea, and Indonesia Others : South Africa, Poland, Turkey • According to BBVA Research the high growth rates of the 10 emerging countries is expect- ed to contribute 51% of global growth compared to 14% of the G7 developed countries. • With regard to regional development East Asia is being considered as the most dynamic region in the global economy, led by two countries which were for centuries considered as one of the less-developed countries with enormously large populations. They were for a long time considered as the sleeping giants. With the advanced countries presently in decline, the emerging countries have now the obligation to become another big power house in the global economy alongside the more advanced countries. The emerging countries should be able to accelerate their moves to become the new dynamics of the global economy. To that end, East Asia should become the largest contributor in that massive undertaking. It has all the potentials to become an important driver of growth of the global economy. East Asia has a very large GDP, an enormous expanding market, huge (younger age) human resources with increasing purchasing power and a very large middle income group. It has very large exchange reserves thanks to China, and an expanding industrial growth combined with rising “Asian multi-national companies”. On top of it, it carries the historic call to be the center of the global shift from the West to the East. The writer is former ambassador to the EU. Alamanda Tower Work. Nature. Balance “Alamanda Tower grows from the floor of a tropical oasis... it will be a unique, inspired place to work and connect...” Darryl Yamamoto, AIA Principal, DYXY Architecture + Interiors Reputable Developer Marketing Office Graha Irama, 15th Floor Unit A Jl. HR Rasuna Said Blok X-1 Kavlling 1-2, Jakarta 12950 Phone: (62-21) 526 1357, 526 1358 Fax: (62-21) 526 1460 Mobile: (62-21) 87885001616 email: sales@alamandatower.com www.alamandatower.com Marketing Consultant PT Cushman & Wakefield Indonesia Indonesia Stock Exchange Building 2, 15/F Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav 52-53, Jakarta 12190 www.cushmanwakefield.com A development led by KAARYA Development, a well-reputed and awardwinning developer of Menara Karya, Menara Kadin and Cyber 2 Tower. Alamanda Tower is a GREENSHIP Registered Project and under green building certification process by Green Building Council Indonesia. The owner and project team are targeting GREENSHIP Gold level to pledge commitment of green building. Our green features are double glazing, use of recycle water, low cooling load in tenancy area, low energy lighting and ample landscaped area.
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