Raptors Conservation ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¢Ð«Ð Ð¥ÐÐ©ÐÐÐÐ Ð ÐÐ¥ ÐÐ¥Ð ÐÐÐ 2011 ...

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38 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2011, 23 Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà Êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë èç äîêëàäà ïî ÎÂÎÑ ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé». Cartographic materials from the Altai pipeline’s Environmental Impact Assessment. Èìåííî ÷åðåç îáëàñòü îáèòàíèÿ ñàìîé êðóïíîé ïîïóëÿöèè ìîãèëüíèêà â Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè ïðîòÿíåòñÿ ãàçîïðîâîä «Àëòàé». Êàê ñëåäóåò èç äîêëàäà ïî ÎÂÎÑ, ïîäãîòîâëåííîãî ïðîåêòíûì èíñòèòóòîì ÎÀÎ «Ãèïðîñïåöãàç» â 2006–2007 ãã. (Îáîñíîâàíèå…, 2007), òðàññà ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé» ïðîéä¸ò ïî äîëèíå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ îò ãðàíèöû Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé è ïðàêòè÷åñêè äî èñòîêîâ, äàëåå ïåðåñå÷¸ò âîäîðàçäåë ðåê Ïåñ÷àíàÿ è Âåðõ. Áàðáîê, ïî äîëèíå ð. Âåðõ. Áàðáîê, ÷åðåç Òåíüãèíñêóþ ñòåïü è äàëåå ïî äîëèíàì ðåê Òåíüãà, Óðñóë è Áîë. Èëüãóìåíü äî äîëèíû Êàòóíè. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî ó÷àñòêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 185 êì. Èíæåíåðû ïîøëè ïî ïóòè íàèìåíüøåãî ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ è ñïðîåêòèðîâàëè òðàññó ãàçîïðîâîäà ïî áåçëåñíûì äîëèíàì, âûáðàâ òåì ñàìûì ñàìûå öåííûå è ñàìûå óÿçâèìûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö äàííîé ÷àñòè Àëòàÿ. Èìåííî ëóãà è ëóãîâûå ñòåïè, ïðîòÿíóâøèåñÿ óçêèìè ïîëîñàìè â ðå÷íûõ äîëèíàõ, îêðóæ¸ííûõ îáëåñåííûìè ãîðàìè, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñîñðåäîòî÷åíèåì êîðìîâîãî ðåñóðñà äëÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Çäåñü îáèòàåò äëèííîõâîñòûé ñóñëèê (Spermophilus undulatus) – îñíîâíîé îáúåêò ïèòàíèÿ îðëîâ. Ãàçîïðîâîä ðàçðóøèò áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü ìåñòîîáèòàíèé ñóñëèêà, ïðîòÿíóâøèõñÿ óçêèìè ïîëîñàìè ìåæäó ïîéìåííûì ëåñîì è ãîðàìè. Ìåñòàìè øèðèíà òàêèõ ïîëîñ ñîñòàâëÿåò 100 ì, íî è ýòîãî õâàòàåò äëÿ ïðîêîðìà îðëîâ. Ñïåöèôèêà áèîëîãèè ìîãèëüíèêà òàêîâà, ÷òî äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä îí âûáèðàåò äåðåâüÿ, ðàñïîëîæåííûå íà îïóøêàõ ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ ëèáî îäèíî÷íûå äåðåâüÿ íà êðàþ ëåñà, ïîýòîìó ïðèìåò íà ñåáÿ îñíîâíîé óäàð êàê íåïîñðåäñòâåííî îò ñòðîèòåëüñòâà ãàçîïðîâîäà, òàê è îò ñîïóòñòâóþùåãî åìó ôàêòîðà áåñïîêîéñòâà. Äëèííîõâîñòûé ñóñëèê (Spermophilus undulatus). Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Long-Tailed Souslik (Spermophilus undulatus). Photo by A. Levashkin. even more raptor nesting sites. Ornithologists have not yet studied the headwaters of the Peschanaya River, nor a number of areas on the Tenginskaya Steppe and in the Ursul River valley. However, even existing data is sufficient to understand the huge blow that will be dealt to rare bird species in Altai, first and foremost the Eastern Imperial eagle, if the gas pipeline crosses the Peschanaya and Ursul River valleys. Along a single 200 m stretch there, the Altai gas pipeline will pass 20 Eastern Imperial Eagle nests and 1 Steppe Eagle nest, all situated in trees. It is very likely that all of these nests will simply be destroyed. This entire strip also contains 3 Eurasian Eagle Owl nests and single Saker Falcon and Peregrine
Problem Spotlight Raptors Conservation 2011, 23 39 Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ïåðåñåêàåìûå òðàññîé ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé». Large raptor nesting sites along the proposed Altai gas pipeline’s route. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â 5-êèëîìåòðîâîé ïîëîñå ïðîõîæäåíèÿ òðàññû ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé» èçâåñòíî 47 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ, à òàêæå 8 – áàëîáàíîâ, 5 – áåðêóòîâ (Aquila chrysaetos), 4 – ñàïñàíîâ (Falco peregrinus), 3 – ôèëèíîâ (Bubo bubo) è 2 – ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ. Âñå ýòè âèäû çàíåñåíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèè è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Ïîëíîñòüþ âñÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ïëàíèðóåìîé òðàññû äî ñèõ ïîð íå îáñëåäîâàíà è ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî ïðè äåòàëüíîì îáñëåäîâàíèè ìîæíî âûÿâèòü åù¸ áîëüøå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, ñîâåðøåííî íå ïîñåùàëèñü îðíèòîëîãàìè âåðõîâüÿ Ïåñ÷àíîé, íå îáñëåäîâàí ðÿä ó÷àñòêîâ â Òåíüãèíñêîé ñòåïè è â äîëèíå Óðñóëà. Îäíàêî äàæå èìåþùèõñÿ äàííûõ äîñòàòî÷íî, ÷òîáû ïîíÿòü êàêîé óäàð áóäåò íàíåñ¸í ïî ïîïóëÿöèÿì ðåäêèõ âèäîâ Àëòàÿ, è â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü – ïî ïîïóëÿöèè ìîãèëüíèêà, åñëè ãàçîïðîâîä ïðîéä¸ò ïî äîëèíàì Ïåñ÷àíîé è Óðñóëà. Â 200-ìåòðîâîé ïîëîñå ïðîõîæäåíèÿ òðàññû ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé» ëåæàò 20 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà è îäíî ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà, óñòðîåííûå íà äåðåâüÿõ. Âñå ýòè ãí¸çäà ñ âûñîêîé äîëåé âåðîÿòíîñòè áóäóò ïîïðîñòó óíè÷òîæåíû. Â ýòó æå ïîëîñó ïîïàäàþò 3 ãíåçäà ôèëèíîâ è ïî îäíîìó ãíåçäó áàëîáàíà è ñàïñàíà, óñòðîåííûå íà ñêàëàõ, âåðîÿòíîñòü ïðÿìîãî óíè- ÷òîæåíèÿ êîòîðûõ òàêæå äîâîëüíî âûñîêà. Âåðîÿòíîñòü âûæèâàíèÿ îñòàëüíûõ èçâåñòíûõ ïàð õèùíûõ ïòèö, ãí¸çäà êîòîðûõ óäàëåíû îò òðàññû ñòðîÿùåãîñÿ ãàçîïðîâîäà Falcon nests built on cliff faces. The likelihood of their destruction is also quite high. It is also unlikely that known raptor nesting pairs whose nests are located 0.2–2.5 km from the pipeline’s construction route will survive, as it is anticipated that the pipeline will have a strong negative influence and destroy the predators’ food base as well as be a significant source of disturbance. Unfortunately, in Altai’s narrow mountain valleys such as the Peschanaya, raptors have nowhere to retreat from disturbance factors. They cannot distance themselves from the Altai pipeline’s projected route, because it traverses their only feeding biotopes in the region. For these reasons it is likely that over 80% of large raptor nesting sites falling within the pipeline’s construction area will be abandoned. Naturally, when the gas pipeline begins operations, some of these sites resume use following the principle “nature abhors a vacuum”, but it may be that these new birds are faced with different problems created by Gazprom. The destruction of 47 Eastern Imperial Eagle nesting sites in an estimated population of 424–506 nesting pairs in Altai Republic is a population decrease of 10%. Opinions will differ on whether that is a lot or a little. However, the negative processes that can lead to the death of an entire population can begin with just a small loss. It is possible that the construction of the Altai pipeline will be the first “nail in the coffin” of the Eastern Imperial Eagle population in Altai. Ïòåíåö ìîãèëüíèêà â ãíåçäå â äîëèíå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ. Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Eastern Imperial Eagle nestling in a nest in the Peschanaya River valley. Photo by A. Levashkin.
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Raptors Conservation ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¢Ð«Ð Ð¥ÐÐ©ÐÐÐÐ Ð ÐÐ¥ ÐÐ¥Ð ÐÐÐ 2011 ...

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Raptors Conservation ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¢Ð«Ð Ð¥ÐÐ©ÐÐÐÐ Ð ÐÐ¥ ÐÐ¥Ð ÐÐÐ 2011 ...