Raptors Conservation ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ И ИХ ОХРАНА 2011 ...

50 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2011, 23 Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà
ïðîåêò». Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî ïîñòàâëåííûå çàäà÷è
ïðîåêòà íå ðåøàþòñÿ â òå÷åíèå ãîäà,
ïðîåêò «ñûðîé» è òðåáóåò äîðàáîòêè, ëèáî
ñóùåñòâåííîé ïåðåðàáîòêè.
Âòîðîé ìîìåíò – îòñóòñòâèå èíôîðìàöèè
î êâàëèôèêàöèè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, íåïîñðåäñòâåííî
ðóêîâîäÿùèõ è ó÷àñòâóþùèõ
â ïðîåêòå, â çàÿâëåííûõ òåìàõ. Îáùåìèðîâàÿ
ïðàêòèêà îöåíêè ïðîåêòîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ
ñ èçúÿòèåì èç ïðèðîäû ðåäêèõ âèäîâ,
ïðåäïîëàãàåò ðàññìàòðèâàòü êâàëèôèêàöèþ
èñïîëíèòåëåé è èñõîäÿ èç íå¸ ïðèíèìàòü
ãîñîðãàíàì ðåøåíèå î âûäà÷å
ðàçðåøåíèé. Îáúåêòèâíûìè êðèòåðèÿìè
ÿâëÿþòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâî è ñòàòóñ ïóáëèêàöèé
çàÿâèòåëåé. Èç çàÿâêè ñîâåðøåííî íåïîíÿòíî,
êòî áóäåò îñóùåñòâëÿòü ìîíèòîðèíã
2-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê êðå÷åòà, âåñòè
êàäàñòð ãíåçäîâèé, èçó÷àòü ïèòàíèå, îïðåäåëÿòü
ëèìèòèðóþùèå ôàêòîðû? Ñêîëüêî
ïóáëèêàöèé ó ýòèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî êðå-
÷åòó, è â êàêèõ ðåôåðèðóåìûõ æóðíàëàõ
îíè îïóáëèêîâàíû? Ñîòðóäíèêè çàÿâëåííûõ
îðãàíèçàöèé, ó÷àñòâóþùèõ â ïðîåêòå,
íå èìåþò ïóáëèêàöèé, â êîòîðûõ áû ñîäåðæàëàñü
èíôîðìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâîé áèîëîãèè,
÷èñëåííîñòè êðå÷åòà è äèíàìèêè
åãî ïîïóëÿöèé íà ×óêîòêå.
Òðåòèé ìîìåíò è îäèí èç ñàìûõ ãëàâíûõ,
âûçâàâøèõ íåäîóìåíèå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ – íåïîíÿòíî,
èç êàêèõ ñîîáðàæåíèé ñäåëàíî
çàêëþ÷åíèå, ÷òî «Ðàííåå èçúÿòèå ïåðâûõ
êëàäîê íå òîëüêî ãàðàíòèðóåò îòêëàäêó ñîêîëàìè
ïîâòîðíûõ, íî è îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïðîõîæäåíèå
âñåãî ðåïðîäóêòèâíîãî öèêëà â
ðàìêàõ îïòèìàëüíûõ ñðîêîâ»? Ãäå ïóáëèêàöèè
ïî ýòîìó âîïðîñó îòíîñèòåëüíî êðå-
÷åòà è èìåííî íà ×óêîòêå? Äàæå åñëè áû
èìåëàñü äîñòàòî÷íî îáøèðíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ
î ñòàáèëüíîì îòêëàäûâàíèè, ãäå-íèáóäü
â Ãðåíëàíäèè, êðå÷åòàìè ïîâòîðíûõ êëàäîê
âçàìåí óòåðÿííûõ, î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî â ñîâåðøåííî
äðóãîé, ÷óêîòñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè ó ïòèö
ìîãóò áûòü èíûå ÷åðòû ãíåçäîâîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ,
ïðåïÿòñòâóþùèå èì äåëàòü ïîâòîðíûå
êëàäêè. Íî äàæå èç äðóãèõ ÷àñòåé àðåàëà
êðå÷åòà îïóáëèêîâàííîé èíôîðìàöèè î
ïîâòîðíûõ êëàäêàõ ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåò. Ñîâåðøåííî
ïîíÿòíû îïàñåíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ,
÷òî â óñëîâèÿõ ×óêîòêè êðå÷åò íå ñäåëàåò
ïîâòîðíûõ êëàäîê, à âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî –
áðîñèò ñâîè ãí¸çäà â ðåçóëüòàòå áåñïîêîéñòâà
íà ðàííèõ ýòàïàõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ.
Ïðîåêò äåéñòâèòåëüíî íåñ¸ò ìàññó ðèñêîâ,
íà÷èíàÿ ñ òîãî, ÷òî âñïóãíóòàÿ ïòèöà
íå âåðí¸òñÿ íà ãíåçäî, è çàêàí÷èâàÿ òåì,
÷òî âûðàùåííûå â íåâîëå ïòåíöû íå âûæèâóò
â ïðèðîäå. Ïðè ýòîì, êîìïåíñàöèÿ
ýòèõ ðèñêîâ ñîâåðøåííî íå ïðîäóìàíà.
Such scrutiny is, in majority of cases, a criteria
for approval. The scientific status of PIs
as well as their publications could also play
a role of an objective criteria. The suggested
project fails to reveal the personnel who will
be monitoring 2 study areas, who will carry
out the cadaster of the nest sites, study the
diet and determine the limiting factors. How
many papers the PIs and involved personnel
published on the subject, and where these
publications could be found. As it turns out,
the PIs listed in the project do not have any
publications on the biology, numbers and
fluctuation of numbers of Gyrfalcons.
The third and perhaps the most important
point, which raised brows of the specialists
was the statement “The early removal of first
clutches not only guarantee the production
of second clutches by the falcons, but also
provides the timing of the breeding period
to be within the optimal dates”. Do we have
any publications on this matter for Chukotka?
Even if one had enough data which proves
the production of second clutches elsewhere,
it is quite obvious, that there applicability of
such trend still has to be proven for Chukotka
region. However to the date there is no information
on production of the second clutches
anywhere in the range. It is quite understandable,
that the specialists express some concern,
that the Gyrfalcons won’t produce second
clutches, and more likely will desert their
nesting site as response to disturbance.
The suggested project carries lots of risks,
to start with that the flushed bird won’t
come back to the nest (yes, it could be -25C
at these region during early stages of incubation),
and to continue, that the chicks
raised in captivity won’t survive in the wilderness.
The project lacks any suggested
ways to mitigate such risks.
The fourth point is that the project lacks a
mechanism to control its implementation.
Êëàäêà êðå÷åòà â èñêóññòâåííîì ãíåçäîâüå.
Ôîòî Ä. Áîðîäàÿ.
Clutch of the Gyrfalcon in the artificial nest.
Photo by D. Boroday.