Raptors Conservation ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¢Ð«Ð Ð¥ÐÐ©ÐÐÐÐ Ð ÐÐ¥ ÐÐ¥Ð ÐÐÐ 2011 ...

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40 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2011, 23 Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà íà 0,2–2,5 êì, íåâåëèêà, òàê êàê ïðîãíîçèðóåòñÿ ñèëüíîå âëèÿíèå ãàçîïðîâîäà íà óíè÷òîæåíèå êîðìîâûõ áèîòîïîâ è îáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ õèùíèêîâ, à òàêæå ñóùåñòâåííîå óâåëè÷åíèå ôàêòîðà áåñïîêîéñòâà. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, â óçêèõ ãîðíûõ äîëèíàõ Àëòàÿ, òàêèõ, êàê Ïåñ÷àíàÿ, õèùíèêàì íåêóäà óéòè îò ôàêòîðà áåñïîêîéñòâà. Îíè íå ìîãóò äèñòàíöèðîâàòüñÿ îò òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé», ïîòîìó ÷òî îí èä¸ò ÷åðåç åäèíñòâåííûå â äàííîé ìåñòíîñòè êîðìîâûå áèîòîïû. Ïîýòîìó, ñêîðåå âñåãî, áîëåå 80% ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êðóïíûõ õèùíèêîâ, ïîïàâøèõ â çîíó ñòðîèòåëüñòâà ãàçîïðîâîäà, áóäåò ïîêèíóòî ïòèöàìè. Åñòåñòâåííî, ïîñëå ââîäà ãàçîïðîâîäà â ýêñïëóàòàöèþ, ÷àñòü ó÷àñòêîâ íà÷í¸ò âîññòàíàâëèâàòüñÿ, òàê êàê «ñâÿòî ìåñòî ïóñòî íå áûâàåò», íî ýòî áóäóò îò÷àñòè óæå äðóãèå ïòèöû, êîòîðûå ñòîëêíóòñÿ óæå ñ äðóãèìè ïðîáëåìàìè, íàâÿçàííûìè èì Ãàçïðîìîì. Óíè÷òîæåíèå 47 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ ïðè îöåíêå ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé â 424–506 ïàð – ýòî ñîêðàùåíèå ïîïóëÿöèè íà 10%. Ìíîãî ýòî èëè ìàëî – ìîãóò áûòü ðàçíûå ìíåíèÿ. Îäíàêî íåãàòèâíûå ïðîöåññû, êîòîðûå ìîãóò ïðèâåñòè ê ãèáåëè ïîïóëÿöèè, íà÷èíàþòñÿ ñ ìàëîãî. È âîçìîæíî, ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé» ñòàíåò ïåðâûì «ãâîçä¸ì, çàáèòûì â êðûøêó ãðîáà» ïîïóëÿöèè ìîãèëüíèêà íà Àëòàå. ×òî äåëàòü? Êàçàëîñü áû, âñòà¸ò âûáîð, ñòðîèòü ãàçîïðîâîä «Àëòàé» èëè ñïàñàòü îðëîâìîãèëüíèêîâ, äà è äðóãèõ ðåäêèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, êîòîðûå òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿìè æèëè â äîëèíàõ Ïåñ÷àíîé, Óðñóëà, â Òåíüãèíñêîé ñòåïè? Íà ýòó ïðîáëåìó åñòü ìíîãî òî÷åê çðåíèÿ. Êòî-òî ñêàæåò, ÷òî îðëàìè ìîæíî ïðåíåáðå÷ü, êîãäà ðåøàþòñÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå è ïîëèòè÷åñêèå èíòåðåñû ñòðàíû, ïóñòü äàæå What can be done? It may seem that we are faced with the choice of either building the Altai pipeline or saving the Eastern Imperial Eagle and other raptors that have lived for millennia in the Peschanaya and Ursul River valleys and the Tenginskaya Steppe. There are a number of viewpoints on this issue. Some will say that the eagles can be ignored when it comes to addressing the country’s economic and political issues, even those issues openly lobbied by specific shrewd businessmen hoping to plunder money from such mega-projects as the Altai pipeline. Some will say that it should not be built simply because Altai’s distinctive nature will be destroyed. That said, it is most likely that those who need the pipeline will win out, even if only thanks to the fact that they have a lot of money and can purchase the desired outcome. We suspect that Gazprom would prefer to pay the damages for those 20 Eastern Imperial Eagle nests destroyed during the pipeline’s construction than to muck about with the scientific community. The damage of destroying those 20 Eastern Imperial Eagle nests not including the costs of restoring the birds’ reproductive potential within the region’s current boundaries is estimated at only 10 million rubles ($33,333), using the “Methodology for calculating damages…” (2008). For Gazprom, that is an insignificant amount of money. However, there is an alternative. There are several alternative routes for the Altai gas pipeline that present no harm to Eastern Imperial Eagles and other rare species and that have similar costs. Alternative #1: The pipeline enters Altai Republic from Tourak via the upper Kazanda River and then continues along the Muguta and Bulukhta river valleys to Cherga Pass, then proceeding along Chuisky Tract. In this Äîëèíà ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Peschanaya River valley. Photo by I. Karyakin.
Problem Spotlight Raptors Conservation 2011, 23 41 Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ è àëüòåðíàòèâíûå âàðèàíòû òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé». Large raptor nesting sites relative to alternative routes for the proposed Altai gas pipeline. è ïîääåðæèâàåìûå îòêðîâåííûì ëîááè îòäåëüíî âçÿòûõ äåëüöîâ, æåëàþùèõ îáîãàòèòüñÿ íà ðàçâîðîâûâàíèè äåíåã èç òàêîãî ìåãà-ïðîåêòà, êàê ãàçîïðîâîä «Àëòàé». Êòîòî ñêàæåò – íè â êîåì ñëó÷àå íå ñòðîèòü äàæå ïðîñòî ïîòîìó, ÷òî ðàçðóøàåòñÿ ñàìîáûòíàÿ ïðèðîäà Àëòàÿ. Îäíàêî, ñêîðåå âñåãî ïîáåäÿò òå, êîìó íóæåí ãàçîïðîâîä. Äàæå òîëüêî ïîòîìó, ÷òî ó íèõ ìíîãî äåíåã è îíè êóïÿò ëþáîå ðåøåíèå. Ïîäîçðåâàþ äàæå, ÷òî ÎÀÎ «Ãàçïðîì» ëåã÷å áûëî áû îïëàòèòü óùåðá çà óíè÷òîæåííûå â õîäå ïðîêëàäêè òðàññû 20 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ÷åì «áîäàòüñÿ» ñ íàó÷íîé îáùåñòâåííîñòüþ. Óùåðá îò óíè÷òîæåíèÿ 20 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ñîãëàñíî Ìåòîäèêå èñ÷èñëåíèÿ ðàçìåðà âðåäà… (2008), áåç ó÷¸òà çàòðàò íà âîññòàíîâëåíèå âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà ïòèö â ãðàíèöàõ ïðåæíèõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò âñåãî-òî 10 ìëí. ðóá. – äåíüãè äëÿ òàêîé êîìïàíèè êàê Ãàçïðîì íè÷òîæíûå. Îäíàêî âñåãäà åñòü àëüòåðíàòèâà. Â íàøåì ñëó÷àå àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ òðàññ ïðîêëàäêè ãàçîïðîâîäà «Àëòàé», áåç âðåäà äëÿ ìîãèëüíèêà è äðóãèõ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïðè áëèçêîé ñòîèìîñòè ðàáîò íåñêîëüêî. Âàðèàíò ¹1: çàõîä òðàññû â Ðåñïóáëèêó Àëòàé îò Òîóðàêà ÷åðåç âåðõîâüÿ ð. Êàçàíäà è äàëåå ïî äîëèíàì ðåê Ìóãóòà, Áóëóõòà ê ñ. ×åðãà, à äàëåå âäîëü ×óéñêîãî òðàêòà. Â ýòîì âàðèàíòå îò ñ. ×åðãà äî ñ. Òóýêòà ãàçîïðîâîä áóäåò ïåðåñåêàòü ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè âñåãî ëèøü 3-õ ïàð îðëîâ-ìîãèëüíèêîâ è îäèí – áåðêóòîâ. Ýòî â 12 ðàç ìåíüøå, ÷åì íà àíàëîãè÷íîì ïî ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ó÷àñòêå ïî äîëèíå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ. Äîëèíà ð. Ñåìà áîëåå áåäíàÿ êðóïíûìè ïåðíàòûìè õèùíèêàìè èç-çà íèçêîé ÷èñëåííîñòè çäåñü ñóñëèêîâ, à â ìåñòàõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ variation, the pipeline will cross paths with just 3 pairs of Eastern Imperial Eagles and 1 Saker Falcon pair between the villages of Cherga and Tuekta – 12 times less than along an analogous stretch of the Peschanaya River. The Sema River valley has fewer large raptors due to a Long-Tailed Souslik population, and in places where rare raptors do nest, the river is wider than that of the Peschanaya River valley, meaning that if the pipeline is built here, specific nesting sites can be bypassed at a relative distance on the floodplain, with no significant added construction costs in the area. Alternative #2: The Altai pipeline travels along a route that is parallel to the current plans across a forested ridge that is north and northwest of the planned route, at a distance of 5–10 km from the Peschanaya, Verkhniy Barbok, and Tenga Rivers (left bank of the Peschanaya, divide of the Tabatai and Tenga Rivers, right bank of the Ursul). The first option routes the pipeline mainly along Chuisky Tract, an existing transport corridor, while the second option will require logging forested areas. In this sense, the first option is more acceptable. But even the second option, with its impacts on forest resources, is less damaging to rare species populations drawn to river valleys, especially wider valleys with grasslands in North-Western and Central Altai. Despite the availability of simple alternative routes for the Altai gas pipeline that would result in minimal damage to Altai fauna and specifically to rare bird species, it is difficult to believe that Gazprom will voluntarily reexamine the pipeline’s route. Because of this, this heavyweight must be pressured from all sides and all positions in order to have any hope for revisiting the route. We are hopeful that this blow to Altai’s rare bird species and particularly the Eastern Imperial Eagle population will not occur. If you are concerned with the fate of Altai’s raptors and are interested in protecting the Eastern Imperial Eagle, we ask you to send letters demanding that the Altai pipeline’s route be reexamined and that it be rerouted away from the Peschanaya River valley and the Tenginskaya Steppe. See p. 42 for information on where to send letters.
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Raptors Conservation ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¢Ð«Ð Ð¥ÐÐ©ÐÐÐÐ Ð ÐÐ¥ ÐÐ¥Ð ÐÐÐ 2011 ...

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Raptors Conservation ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ¢Ð«Ð Ð¥ÐÐ©ÐÐÐÐ Ð ÐÐ¥ ÐÐ¥Ð ÐÐÐ 2011 ...