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the rearing of children, making mothering an 'androgynous' activity rather than a 'feminine' one The problematics of motherhood is dealt through the mother - daughter conflict in Meridian, Beloved, The Dark Holds NO Terrors and The Diviners. The Summer Before the Dark portrays Kate's journey from her state of happy passivity to disillusionment in her roles as wife and mother, the movement of Rosamund of the The Millstone is lust the opposlte as she moves from an Initial scepticism and fear of motherhood to an understanding of its loys CHAPTER IV: TECENOLOGICAL MOTBKRHOOD discusses the ideological treatment of technological motherhood promoted by Hi-tech reproductive strategies and lts relation to feminlneifeminist motherhood In three utopiasidystoplas namely Gilman's Herland, Piercy's Woman On The Edge of Time and htwood's The Handmaid's Tale Eerland excludes men from the process of reproduction by attributing to its women Inhabitants the power of parthenogenetic reproduction Piercy's utopla, which has ~ t s scientific backlng In ectogenesis, views technological reproduction as the means of eliminating sexism, racism and classlsm htwood's dystopla, a critique of surrogate motherhood, envrsions what the drastic effects of a technological revolutlon may be
This chapter explores the major questions Does women's liberation requlre a biological revolution? Should women relinquish their reproductive roles and take recourse to techniques of reproduction such as artificial insemination by donor, in vitro fertilizat~on and embryo transfer, or should they retain thelr reproductive powers in order to gain the actual experience of mothering, at the same time ensuring that it is not talnted by the politlcs of the patriarchal institution of motherhood The chapter further delves Into the repercussions of reproductive techniques - ellmination of stereotyped roles, disruption of heterosexual patterns and nuclear Eamlly structures, collectlvlzed rearing, and the obliteration of sexlsm, raclsm and classlsm from socrety CaAPTER V: TEE AESTHETICS OF MOTEERBOOD shlfts the focus from the thematlc to aesthetic aspects of motherhood lndlcatlng how a self-conscious femlnlst narrative point of view, structure, genre, imagery and myth contribute to working out the problematlcs of motherhood Classifying the texts lnto those wrltten from a daughter's perspective and those narrated from a mother's viewpoint, the chapter shows how the former mode of narration in Tho Dark Eolds No Terrors and Meridian ecllpses
Page 1 and 2: THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN T
Page 3 and 4: POONAM MINOCHA Research Scholar Dep
Page 5 and 6: The hand that rocks the cradle does
Page 7 and 8: university. New Delhi; Pondicherry
Page 9 and 10: CEAPTER - 11 INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEMA
Page 11: manipulation of her self whereas Mr
Page 15 and 16: and career, single parenting, ambiv
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION : PROBLEllATICS OP XOT
Page 19 and 20: 3 institution of motherhood In her
Page 21 and 22: 5 aspect of the female body and 'ge
Page 23 and 24: 1.2.1. The dissertation takes for ~
Page 25 and 26: 9 goddess with the human mother, im
Page 27 and 28: 11 example, portrays Sophie, the 'i
Page 29 and 30: harm children 13 It argues instead
Page 31 and 32: 15 fourteenth-century mother and he
Page 33 and 34: 17 Gold, The Ice Age and The Middle
Page 35 and 36: 19 1.6.2 The two American novelists
Page 37 and 38: 21 finds herself at crossroads - sh
Page 39 and 40: enmeshed in the femlnine motherhood
Page 41 and 42: 25 unrecognizable as individuals" (
Page 43 and 44: from the blologlcal to the psycho-s
Page 45 and 46: narrative point of view, structure,
Page 47 and 48: 3 1 By emphasizing the primacy of m
Page 49 and 50: TO bear a child, preferably a son,
Page 51 and 52: 35 the moral, transf0m:ng the biolo
Page 53 and 54: 37 2.2.1. Before the summer of her
Page 55 and 56: 2.2.1.3. Kate trles to Inculcate in
Page 57 and 58: sexually knowledgeable woman of the
Page 59 and 60: other hand, completely convinced by
Page 61 and 62: 2.2.2.4. Ira retalns some of her mo
Page 63 and 64:
47 2.2.2.7. Apart from Rukmani and
Page 65 and 66:
malevolence of the instltutlon itse
Page 67 and 68:
for her it involves both a give and
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5 3 daughter Beloved the second tim
Page 71 and 72:
'feminist' daughter. 5 5 What one s
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57 nurturing relationship Walker he
Page 75 and 76:
59 far preferable to rejection or i
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lnwlcation of the ability to relate
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63 mother After a long bout of fami
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Her frail independence gave way to
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male. Rich interprets Yahweh's comm
Page 85 and 86:
2.5.3. Nectar in a Sieve reiterates
Page 87 and 88:
. 71 internalization of a 'code of
Page 89 and 90:
73 Gilman's concept, therefore, is
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to the Church in the same way as he
Page 93 and 94:
77 2.7.1. Rukmani of Nectar in a Si
Page 95 and 96:
79 The mother therefore serves as b
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81 comprehends that Michael's wife
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BEKINIST MOTBEICBOOD To be a good m
Page 101 and 102:
85 3.2.0. In the novels under study
Page 103 and 104:
3.3.1. In Alice Walker's Meridian,
Page 105 and 106:
As will be seen subsequently, symbo
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91 that the daughter often recelves
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dentity. What Elaine Showalter says
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(1987.110) Although no resolution i
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97 :elect it. Her obsessive remembr
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core: "Daughter? I don't have any d
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OD she forms with her daughters. Be
Page 119 and 120:
experience and motherhood as an ins
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105 of the double message she recei
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107 Jaya of That Long Silence and I
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109 saru marries Manu mainly to bre
Page 127 and 128:
him on this account. Not withstandi
Page 129 and 130:
113 chat that Went on in the queue,
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115 adaptability, but realizes that
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and behavlng well and you should an
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119 embodiment. Kate's dilemma is s
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121 them to be childrearers once th
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Work means getting away from home,
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125 would probably have become some
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127 motherhood and career only when
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129 she does not grant =he 'father'
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131 social construct, Gilman was wl
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out a change ln attitude towards mo
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135 the House' and loosening the te
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13 7 of one's Own' is essentlal to
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139 example that comes to mind imme
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141 experlences a fragmentation of
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TECHNOLOGIC& MOTEERBOOD It was part
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145 4.1.1. This brlngs us to the qu
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147 womb, sometimes after it has be
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149 bodies of brain-dead pregnant w
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151 4.2.4.1. Surrogate motherhood h
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153 vitro gestation (IVG) which inv
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155 pregnancy necessary? Do foetuse
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157 prosperity of then children dep
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159 strengthen male control over fe
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161 chlld, while advocates of techn
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clash with a woman's llved experlen
Page 181 and 182:
165 children and more a displacemen
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167 w~th Adrienne Rich's stance tha
Page 185 and 186:
169 allowing women to place themsel
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171 4.5.2 Mothering, In Mattapoiset
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173 with a new consclousness" (Lane
Page 191 and 192:
175 subverts the existing stereotyp
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177 when they learn from the men th
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179 4.9.0. As Piercy's Wcrman on th
Page 197 and 198:
181 patrlarchal culture, we see her
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THE USTEETICS OF MOTHERHOOD . Women
Page 201 and 202:
185 sees lt, the mother's voice is
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esurrected female slave narrator's
Page 205 and 206:
189 daughter and her wrlting and wh
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191 through the flrst person narrat
Page 209 and 210:
193 on Kate, uslng the omniscient n
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195 story, It is also the story of
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197 narrative of her visit to a uto
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dominated soclety. 199 In Atwood an
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201 buffalo" (NS 14) brlngs to ligh
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203 going to do, just lay there and
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205 Further, the chlldren brought u
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everyone she knew - but it had neve
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more my style" (SBD . 228) says Mau
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211 trees, fountains and flowers Th
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Quite ironically, the Commander's w
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215 5.5.3.8. The river 1s a dominan
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217 5.5.3.11. Morag of The Diviners
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separation is as easy as cutting of
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221 mixed feelings about her child.
Page 239 and 240:
223 (WET:95) and "canned childLren1
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225 Piercy's Woman on the Edge of T
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227 5.5.9.6. "Maternity clothes", "
Page 245 and 246:
229 warmth and shelter and at the s
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231 prompts Terry to remark that th
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deepest religious emotion, every fe
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235 In Search of Our Mothers' Garde
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237 Demeter, searching for her daug
Page 255 and 256:
239 - the ways in which feminine mo
Page 257 and 258:
241 6.2.0. A quick recapitulation o
Page 259 and 260:
243 freedom: those with an aptitude
Page 261 and 262:
considered natural, conversely ther
Page 263 and 264:
247 not relieve the mother of her r
Page 265 and 266:
249 androcentric society which repe
Page 267 and 268:
251 The Summer Before the Dark and
Page 269 and 270:
253 should orientate themselves to
Page 271 and 272:
255 The Sunmar Before the Dark and
Page 273 and 274:
257 semen, socially, ethically and
Page 275 and 276:
259 feminine motherhood allow them
Page 277 and 278:
261 for exploration, and Gloria Nay
Page 279 and 280:
SELECT BIBLIOaRAPHY PRIMARY SOWRCES
Page 281 and 282:
Budhos, Shirley 1987: The Theme of
Page 283 and 284:
Gould, Joan 1988: Spirale : A Woman
Page 285 and 286:
Mala, R. 1989: The Predicment of th
Page 287 and 288:
Rumsey, Jean P. 1990: "Constructing
Page 289:
Veevers, J.E. 1991: Continuity and
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