Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 95 12. Novotny, M., Strand, J. W., Smith, S. L., Wiesler, D., and Schwende, F. J. (1981) Compositional studies of coal tar by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fuel 60, 213–230. 13. Novotny, M., Merli, F., Wiesler, D., and Saeed, T. (1982) Composition of the basic fraction of marijuana and tobacco condensates: a comparative study by capillary GC/MS. Chromatographia 15, 564–568. 14. Fentiman, Jr., A. F., Foltz, R. L., and Kinser, G. W. (1973) Identification of noncannabinoid phenols in marihuana smoke condensate using chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 45, 580–582. 15. Maskarinec, M. P., Alexander, G., and Novotny, M. (1976) Analysis of the acidic fraction of marijuana smoke condensate by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 126, 559–568. 16. Lee, M. L., Novotny, M., and Bartle, K. D. (1976) GC / Mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric studies of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco and marijuana smoke condensates. Anal. Chem. 48, 405–416. 17. Bartle, K. D., Lee, M. L., and Novotny, M. (1977) Identification of environmental polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by pulse Fourier-transform proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analyst 102, 731–738. 18. Novotny, M., Merli, F., Wiesler, D., Fencl, M., and Saeed, T. (1982) Fractionation and capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterization of the neutral components in marijuana and tobacco smoke condensates. J. Chromatogr. 238, 141–150. 19. Hood, L. V., Dames, M. E., and Barry, G. T. (1973) Headspace volatiles of marijuana. Nature (London) 242, 402–403. 20. Friedrich-Fiechtl, J. and Spitetller, G. (1975) New cannabinoids. Tetrahedron 31, 479–487. 21. Truitt, E. B. Jr., Kinser, G. W., and Berlo, J .M. (1976) Behavioral activity in various fractions of marihuana smoke condensate in the rat, in Pharmacology of Marijuana (Braude, M. C. and Szara, S., eds.), Raven, New York, pp. 2, 463–474. 22. Johnson, J. M. (1981) The pharmacological activity of the acidic, basic, and polar-neutral fractions of marihuana whole smoke condensate alone, and in combination with ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, dissertation abstract 42(3), 983. 23. Johnson, J. M., Lemberger, L., Novotny, M., Forney, R. B., Dalton, W. S., and Maskarinec, M. P. (1984) Pharmacological activity of the basic fraction of marijuana whole smoke condensate alone and in combination with ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in mice. Tox. Appl. Pharm. 72, 440–448. 24. Novotny, M., Lee, M. L., and Bartle, K. D. (1976) A possible chemical basis for the higher mutagenicity of marihuana smoke as compared to tobacco smoke. Experientia 32, 280–282. 25. Busch, F. W., Seid, D. A., and Wei, E. T. (1979) Mutagenic activity of marihuana smoke condensates. Cancer Lett. 6, 319–324. 26. Wehner, F. C., Van Rensburg, S. J., and Theil, P. G. (1980) Mutagenic activity of marihuana and Transkei tobacco smoke condensates in the Samonella / microsome assay. Mutat. Res. 77, 135–142. 27. Wu, T. C., Tashkin, D. P., Djahed, B., and Rose, J. E. (1988) Pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana as compared with tobacco. N. Engl. J. Med. 318, 347–351. 28. Tashkin, D. P., Coulson, A. H., and Clark, V. A. (1987) Respiratory and lung function in habitual heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco alone, and non-smokers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 135, 209–216. 29. Gong, H., Fliegel, S., Tashkin, D. P., and Barbers, R. G. (1987) Tracheobronchial changes in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana with and without tobacco. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 136, 142–149.
96 ElSohly and ElSohly 30. Lares, A., Ochoa, Y., Bolanos, A., Aponte, N., and Montenegro, M. (1981) Effects of the resin and smoke condensate of Cannabis sativa on the oestrous cycle of the rat. Bull. Narc. 33, 55–61. 31. Sauer, M. A., Rifka, S. M., Hawks, R. L., Cutler, G. B., Jr., and Loriaux, D. L. (1983) Marijuana: interaction with the estrogen receptor. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 224, 404– 407. 32. Purohit, V., Ahluwahlia, B. S., and Vigersky, R. A. (1980) Marihuana inhibits dihydrotestosterone binding to the androgen receptor. Endocrinology 107, 848–850.
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Marijuana and the Cannabinoids Edit
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F O R E N S I C SCIENCE AND MEDICIN
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© 2007 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contributors RUDOLF BRENNEISEN, PhD
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Cannabis and Natural Cannabis Medic
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Chemistry of Cannabis Constituents
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Page 56 and 57: Chemistry of Cannabis Constituents
Page 62 and 63: Chemical Fingerprinting of Cannabis
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Page 84 and 85: Marijuana Smoke Condensate 73 Table
Page 104 and 105: Marijuana Smoke Condensate 93 of th
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Page 110 and 111: Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 99 Fig
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Immunoassays to Detect Cannabis Abu
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165 Table 2 Analytical Recovery of
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MS for Detection of Cannabinoids 17
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189 Table 1 Published Methods for M
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191 30 THCA SPE No derivatization L
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Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics
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Medical and Health Consequences of
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Effects of Marijuana on Immune Defe
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Marijuana and Driving Impairment 27
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Postmortem Considerations 295 Chapt
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Postmortem Considerations 297 vascu
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Postmortem Considerations 299 where
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Postmortem Considerations 301 18. B
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Cannabinoid Effects on Mental Proce
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318 Index THC, 283, 284 THC/11-carb
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320 Index Immune system, cannabinoi
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322 Index ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
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