Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 121
57. Rettori, V., Wenger, T., Snyder, G., Dalterio, S., and McCann, S. M. (1988) Hypothalamic
action of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to inhibit the release of prolactin and growth
hormone in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 47, 498–503.
58. Fan, P. (1995) Cannabinoid agonists inhibit the activation of 5HT 3 receptors in rat nodose
ganglion neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 73, 907–910.
59. Hohmann, A. G. and Herkenham, M. (1999) Cannabinoid receptors undergo axonal flow
in sensory nerves. Neuroscience 92(4), 1171–1175.
60. Richardson, J. D., Kilo, S., and Hargreaves, K. M. (1998) Cannabinoids reduce hyperalgesia
and inflammation via interaction with peripheral CB 1 receptors. Pain 75, 111–119.
61. Pertwee, R. G. (2001) Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Prog. Neurobiol. 63, 569–611.
62. Drew, L. J., Harris, J., Millns, P. J., Kendall, D. A., and Chapman, V. (2000) Activation
of spinal cannabinoid 1 receptors inhibits C-fibre driven hyperexcitable neuronal responses
and increases [ 35 S]GTPγS binding in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of
noninflamed and inflamed rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 2079–2086.
63. Hohmann, A. G. and Herkenham, M. (1998) Regulation of cannabinoid and mu opioid
receptors in rat lumbar spinal cord following neonatal capsaicin treatment. Neurosci. Lett.
252, 13–16.
64. Walker, J. M. and Huang, S. M. (2002) Cannabinoid analgesia. Pharmacol. Ther. 95,
127–135.
65. Fuentes, J. A., Ruiz-Gayo, M., Manzanares, J., Vela, G., Reche, I., and Corchero, J. (1999)
Cannabinoids as potential new analgesics. Life Sci. 65(6–7), 675–685.
66. Lichtman, A. H. and Martin, B. R. (1991) Spinal and supraspinal components of cannabinoid-induced
antinociception. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 258, 517–523.
67. Di Marzo, V., Breivogel, C. S., Tao, Q., et al. (2000) Levels, metabolism, and pharmacological
activity of anandamide in CB 1 cannabinoid receptor knockout mice: evidence
for non-CB 1 , non-CB 2 receptor-mediated actions of anandamide in mouse brain. J.
Neurochem. 75(6), 2434–2444.
68. Di Marzo, V., Bisogno, T., and De Petrocellis, L. (2001) Anandamide: some like it hot.
Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22(7), 346–349.
69. Breivogel, C. S., Griffin, G., Di Marzo, V., and Martin, B. R. (2001) Evidence for a new G
protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor in mouse brain. Molec. Pharmacol. 60(1), 155–163.
70. Benham, C. D., Davis, J. B., and Randall, A. D. (2002) Vanilloid and TRP channels: a
family of lipid-gated cation channels. Neuropharmacology 42, 873–888.
71. Huestis, M. A., Gorelick, D. A., Heishman, S. J., et al. (2001) Blockade of effects of
smoked marijuana by the CB 1 -selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716. Arch.
Gen. Psychiatry 58, 322–328.
72. Wise, R. A. (1987) The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence.
Pharmacol. Ther. 35, 227–263.
73. French, E. D., Dillon, K., and Wu, X. (1997) Cannabinoids excite dopamine neurons in
the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra. Neuroreport 8, 649–652.
74. Tanda, G., Pontieri, F. E., and Di Chiara, G. (1997) Cannabinoid and heroin activation of
mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common µ 1 opioid receptor mechanism. Science
276, 2048–2050.
75. Navarro, M., Chowen, J., Carrera, M., et al. (1998) CB 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonistinduced
opiate withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. Neuroreport 9, 3397–3402.
76. Manzanares, J., Corchero, J., Romero, J., Fernandez-Ruiz, J. J., Ramos, J. A., and Fuentes,
J. A. (1999) Pharmacological and biochemical interactions between opioids and cannabinoids.
Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20, 287–294.
77. Wachtel, S. R. and De Wit, H. (2000) Naltrexone does not block the subjective effects of
oral ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in humans. Drug Alcohol Depend. 59, 251–260.