Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

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MS for Detection of Cannabinoids 203 60. Baptista, M. J., Monsanto, P. V., Pinho Marques, E. G., et al. (2002) Hair analysis for ∆9- THC, ∆9-THC-COOH, CBN and CBD, by GC/EI-MS Comparison with GC/MS-NCI for ∆9-THC-COOH. Forensic Sci. Int. 128, 66–78. 61. Cirimele, V., Kintz, P., and Mangin, P. (1995) Testing of human hair for cannabis. Forensic Sci. Int. 70, 175–182. 62. Kintz, P., Cirimele, V., and Mangin, P. (1995) Testing human hair for cannabis. II. Identification of THC-COOH by GC/NCI-MS as a unique proof. J. Forensic Sci. 40, 619–622. 63. Cirimele, V., Sachs, H., Kintz, P., and Mangin, P. (1996) Testing human hair for cannabis. III. Rapid screening procedure for the simultaneous identification of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol. J. Anal. Toxicol. 20, 13–16. 64. Moore, C., Guzaldo, F., and Donahue, T. (2001) The determination of 11-nor- ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) in hair using negative ion GC/MS and high-volume injection. J. Anal. Toxicol. 25, 555–558. 65. Strano-Rossi, S. and Chiarotti, M. (1999) Solid-phase microextraction for cannabinoids analysis in hair and its possible application to other drugs. J. Anal. Toxicol. 23, 7–10. 66. Wilkins, D. G., Haughey, H., Cone, E. J., Huestis, M. A., Foltz, R. L., and Rollins, D. E. (1995) Quantitative analysis of THC, 11-OH-THC, and THCCOOH in human hair by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 19, 483–491. 67. Sachs, H. and Dressler, U. (2000) Detection of THC-COOH in hair by MSD-NCI after HPLC clean-up. Forensic Sci. Int. 107, 239–247. 68. Jurado, C., Gimenez, M. P., Menendez, M., and Repetto, M. (1995) Simultaneous quantification of opiates, cocaine and cannabinoids in hair. Forensic Sci. Int. 70, 165–174. 69. Musshoff, F., Junker, H. P., Lachenmeier, D. W., Kroener, L., and Madea, B. (2002) Fully automated determination of cannabinoids in hair samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 26, 554–560. 70. Musshoff, F., Lachenmeier, D. W., Kroener, L., and Madea, B. (2003) Automated headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction for the determination of cannabinoids in hair samples. Forensic Sci. Int. 133, 32–38. 71. Chiarotti, M. and Costamagna, L. (2000) Analysis of 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol in biological samples by GC/MS/MS. Forensic Sci. Int. 114, 1–6. 72. Mieczkowski, T. (1995) A research note: The outcome of GC/MS/MS confirmation of hair assays on 93 cannabinoid-positive cases. Forensic Sci. Int. 70, 83–91. 73. Baker, T. S., Harry, J. V., Russell, J. W., and Myers, R .L. (1984) Rapid method for the GC/MS confirmation of 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine. J. Anal. Toxicol. 8, 255–259. 74. De Cock, K. J. S., Delbeke, F. T., De Boer, D., Van Eenoo, P., and Roels, K. (2003) Quantitation of 11-nor-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid with GC/MS in urine collected for doping analysis. J. Anal. Toxicol. 27, 106–109. 75. Lisi, A. M., Kazlauskas, R., and Trout, G. J. (1993) Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric quantitation of urinary 11-nor-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid after derivatization by extractive alkylation. J. Chromatogr. 617, 265–270. 76. Foltz, R. L., McGinnis, K. M., and Chinn, D. M. (1983) Quantitative measurement of ∆9- tetrahydrocannabinol and two major metabolites in physiological specimens using capillary column gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 10, 316–323. 77. Weller, J.-P., Wolf, M., and Szidat, S. (2000) Enhanced sensitivity in the determination of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol and two major metabolites in serum using ion-trap GC/MS/MS. J. Anal. Toxicol. 24, 359–364. 78. Stonebraker, W. E., Lamoreaux, T. C., Bebault, M., Rasmussen, S. A., Jepson, B. R., and Beck, B. K. (1998) Robotic solid-phase extraction and GC/MS analysis of THC in blood. Am. Clin. Lab. 17, 18–19.
204 Foltz 79. Collins, M., Easson, J., Hansen, G., Hodda, A., and Lewis, K. (1997) GC/MS/MS confirmation of unusually high ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels in two postmortem blood samples. J. Anal. Toxicol. 21, 538–542. 80. Uhl, M. (1997) Determination of drugs in hair using GC/MS/MS. Forensic Sci. Int. 84, 281–294. 81. Cirimele, V., Kintz, P., Majdalani, R., and Mangin, P. (1995) Supercritical fluid extraction of drugs in drug addict hair. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Appl. 673, 173–181. 82. Rosenfeld, J. M., McLeod, R. A., and Foltz, R. L. (1986) Solid-supported reagents in the determination of cannabinoids in plasma. Anal. Chem. 58, 716–721.
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Marijuana and the Cannabinoids Edit
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F O R E N S I C SCIENCE AND MEDICIN
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© 2007 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contributors RUDOLF BRENNEISEN, PhD
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Cannabis and Natural Cannabis Medic
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Chemistry of Cannabis Constituents
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Chemical Fingerprinting of Cannabis
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 67 Chapt
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 69 Fig.
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 71 fied,
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 73 Table
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 93 of th
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 95 12. N
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 97 Cha
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 99 Fig
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 101 an
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 103 Fi
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 107 CB
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 109 st
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 113 ti
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 117 do
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 119 19
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Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoi
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Immunoassays to Detect Cannabis Abu
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Page 202 and 203: 191 30 THCA SPE No derivatization L
Page 216 and 217: Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics
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Effects of Marijuana on Immune Defe
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Marijuana and Driving Impairment 27
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Postmortem Considerations 295 Chapt
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Postmortem Considerations 297 vascu
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Postmortem Considerations 299 where
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Postmortem Considerations 301 18. B
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Cannabinoid Effects on Mental Proce
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318 Index THC, 283, 284 THC/11-carb
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320 Index Immune system, cannabinoi
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322 Index ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
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