Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 67 Chapter 4 Marijuana Smoke Condensate Chemistry and Pharmacology Hala N. ElSohly and Mahmoud A. ElSohly 1. INTRODUCTION Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest plants known to medicine and one of the most thoroughly studied plants today. Much knowledge has been gained about the chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of pure compounds from Cannabis, as well as the chemical and biological analysis of marijuana smoke condensate (MSC). In this chapter, we review data related to the preparation of MSC, the composition and analysis of MSC, and the pharmacological and toxicological effects of MSC. 2. PREPARATION OF MARIJUANA SMOKE CONDENSATE Patel and Gori (1) described the preparation of marijuana cigarettes and the production of MSC. Various analytical parameters of blended marijuana (i.e., ash, hexane solubles, nitrate, reducing sugars, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, and ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) and marijuana cigarettes (average weight, average moisture content, static burning rate, fire zone temperature at 15- and 55-mm marks) were determined. 2.1. Production of Smoke Condensate The cigarettes to be smoked were first conditioned at 24 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity. The average weight of a marijuana cigarette was 1.1 g. The smoking machine used was designed to automatically load, light, smoke, and eject approx 2000 cigarettes per hour and take a maximum of 10 puffs per cigarette at the rate of From: Forensic Science and Medicine: Marijuana and the Cannabinoids Edited by: M. A. ElSohly © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey 67
68 ElSohly and ElSohly one puff per minute. The smoke condensate-trapping system consisted of four 3-L Pyrex reaction flasks with Teflon ® covers, glass and Teflon interconnecting piping, and a leak-tight stainless steel tank with metal support for flasks. The assembled traps were housed in a refrigerated cabinet capable of sustained operation down to –30°F. The traps were further cooled down to –90°F by immersion in a slurry of dry ice and isopropanol. The condensate from the trapping system was extracted with acetone and concentrated in vacuo (
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Marijuana and the Cannabinoids Edit
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F O R E N S I C SCIENCE AND MEDICIN
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© 2007 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contributors RUDOLF BRENNEISEN, PhD
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Cannabis and Natural Cannabis Medic
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Page 28 and 29: Chemistry of Cannabis Constituents
Page 62 and 63: Chemical Fingerprinting of Cannabis
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 117 do
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 119 19
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Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoi
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Immunoassays to Detect Cannabis Abu
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165 Table 2 Analytical Recovery of
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MS for Detection of Cannabinoids 17
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189 Table 1 Published Methods for M
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191 30 THCA SPE No derivatization L
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Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics
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Medical and Health Consequences of
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Effects of Marijuana on Immune Defe
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Marijuana and Driving Impairment 27
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Postmortem Considerations 295 Chapt
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Postmortem Considerations 297 vascu
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Postmortem Considerations 299 where
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Postmortem Considerations 301 18. B
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Cannabinoid Effects on Mental Proce
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318 Index THC, 283, 284 THC/11-carb
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320 Index Immune system, cannabinoi
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322 Index ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
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Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

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