Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

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Immunoassays to Detect Cannabis Abuse 177 138. Struempler, R. E., Nelson, G., and Urry, F. M. (1997) A positive cannabinoids workplace drug test following the ingestion of commercially available hemp seed oil. J. Anal. Toxicol. 21, 283–285. 139. Lehmann, T., Sager, F., and Brenneisen, R. (1997) Excretion of cannabinoids in urine after ingestion of cannabis seed oil. J. Anal. Toxicol. 21, 373–375. 140. Fortner, N., Fogerson, R., Lindman, D., Iversen, T., and Armbruster, D. (1997) A marijuana-positive urine test results from consumption of hemp seeds in food products. J. Anal. Toxicol. 21, 476–481. 141. Bosy, T. Z. and Cole, K. A. (2000) Consumption and quantitation of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in commercially available hemp seed oil products. J. Anal. Toxicol. 24, 562– 566. 142. Leson, G., Pless, P., Grotenhermen, F., Kalant, H., and ElSohly, M. A. (2001) Evaluating the impact of hemp food consumption on workplace drug tests. J. Anal. Toxicol. 25, 691– 698. 143. ElSohly, M. A., deWit, H., Wachtel, S. R., Feng, S., and Murphy, T. P. (2001) Delta9- tetrahydrocannabivarin as a marker for the ingestion of marijuana versus Marinol: results of a clinical study. J. Anal. Toxicol. 25, 565–571. 144. ElSohly, M. A., Feng, S., Murphy, T. P., et al. (2001) Identification and quantitation of 11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin-9-carboxylic acid, a major metabolite of delta9- tetrahydrocannabivarin. J. Anal. Toxicol. 25, 476–480. 145. Interpretation and clarification of listing of “tetrahydrocannabinols” in Schedule I; exemption from control of certain industrial products and materials derived from the Cannabis plant; final rules and proposed rulInterpretive rule (2001) Fed. Reg. 66, 51529–51544. 146. Huestis, M. A. and Cone, E. J. (1998) Differentiating new marijuana use from residual drug excretion in occasional marijuana users. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22, 445–454. 147. Lafolie, P., Beck, O., Blennow, G., et al. (1991) Importance of creatinine analyses of urine when screening for abused drugs. Clin. Chem. 37, 1927–1931. 148. Fraser, A. D. and Worth, D. (1999) Urinary excretion profiles of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol: a delta9-THCCOOH to creatinine ratio study. J. Anal. Toxicol. 23, 531–534 149. Fraser, A. D. and Worth, D. (2002) Monitoring urinary excretion of cannabinoids by fluorescence-polarization immunoassay: a cannabinoid-to-creatinine ratio study. Ther Drug Monit. 24, 746–750. 150. Fraser, A. D. and Worth, D. (2003) Urinary excretion profiles of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol: a delta9-THC-COOH to creatinine ratio study #2. Forensic Sci. Int. 133, 26–31. 151. Fraser, A. D. and Zamecnik, J. (2003) Impact of lowering the screening and confirmation cutoff values for urine drug testing based on dilution factors. Ther. Drug Monit. 25, 723– 727. 152. Cone, E. J., Lange, R., and Darwin, W. D. (1998) In vivo adulteration: excess fluid ingestion causes false-negative marijuana and cocaine urine test results. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22, 460–473. 153. Coleman, D. E. and Baselt, R. C. (1997) Efficacy of two commercial products for altering urine drug test results. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 35, 637–642. 154. Cook, J. D., lan, Y. H., LoDico, C. P., and Bush, D. M. (2000). The characterization of human urine for specimen validity determination in workplace drug testing: a review. J. Anal. Toxicol. 24, 579–588. 155. Edgell, K., lan, Y. H., Glass, L. R., and Cook, J. D. (2002) The defined HHS/DOT substituted urine criteria validated through a controlled hydration study. J. Anal. Toxicol. 26, 419–423.
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Marijuana and the Cannabinoids Edit
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F O R E N S I C SCIENCE AND MEDICIN
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© 2007 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contributors RUDOLF BRENNEISEN, PhD
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Cannabis and Natural Cannabis Medic
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Chemistry of Cannabis Constituents
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Chemical Fingerprinting of Cannabis
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 67 Chapt
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 69 Fig.
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 71 fied,
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 73 Table
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 93 of th
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Marijuana Smoke Condensate 95 12. N
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 97 Cha
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 99 Fig
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 101 an
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 103 Fi
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 107 CB
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 109 st
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 113 ti
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 117 do
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Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 119 19
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Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoi
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Page 202 and 203: 191 30 THCA SPE No derivatization L
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Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics
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Medical and Health Consequences of
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Effects of Marijuana on Immune Defe
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Marijuana and Driving Impairment 27
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Postmortem Considerations 295 Chapt
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Postmortem Considerations 297 vascu
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Postmortem Considerations 299 where
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Postmortem Considerations 301 18. B
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Cannabinoid Effects on Mental Proce
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318 Index THC, 283, 284 THC/11-carb
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320 Index Immune system, cannabinoi
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322 Index ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
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