Transactions A.S.M.E.

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<strong>Transactions</strong> of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Published on the tenth of every month, except March, June, September, and December OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY: W il l ia m A . H a n l e y , President W . D . E n n i s , Treasurer C . E . D a v ie s, Secretary COMMITTEE ON p u b l i c a t i o n s : C . B. P e c k , Chairman F . L . B r a d l e y A . R . St e v e n s o n , J r . C . R . So d e r b e r g G e o r g e A . St e t s o n , Editor E . J . K ates ADVISORY MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS: W . L . D u d l e y , Se a t t l e , W a s h. N . C. E b a u g h , G a in e s v il l e , F l a . O. B . Sc h ie r , 2 n d , N e w Y o r k , N . Y. Junior Members C . C . K ir b y , N b w Y o r k .'N . Y. F r a n k l in H . F o w l e r , J r ., C a l d w e l l , N .J . Published monthly by The American Society o f Mechanical Engineers. Publication office at 20th and Northampton Streets, Easton, Pa. The editorial department located at the headquarters o f the Society, 29 W est Thirty-Ninth Street, N ew York, N . Y. Cable address, "Dynamic,” N ew York. Price $1.50 a copy, $12.00 a year; to members and affiliates, $1.00 a copy, $7.50 a year. Changes o f address must be received at Society headquarters two weeks before they are to be effective on the m ailing list. Please send old as w ell as new address.. . . By-Law: The Society shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or . . . . printed in its publications (B13, Par. 4 )___ Entered as second-class matter March 2, 1928, at the Post Office at Easton, Pa., under the Act o f August 24, 1 9 1 2 ... . Copyrighted, 1941, by The American Society of M echanical Engineers.
T urbine D ischarge M etering a t the Safe H a rb o r H ydroelectric D evelopm ent B y J. M. M O USSO N,1 BALTIM O RE, M D . T h is paper d isc u sse s th e s u ita b ility , c a lib r a tio n , a n d r elia b ility o f c erta in p ie zo m e ter sy s te m s in sta lle d in lo w - head u n its o f h ig h ca p a c ity . A n a c c o u n t is a lso g iv en o f a research t o d e te rm in e a n d d evelop a su ita b le ty p e o f flow m eter to be op erated b y th e d ifferen tia l pressu re from th e se p iezo m eter sy s te m s for c o n tin u o u s in te g r a tio n , in d ic a tio n , a n d gra p h ic record in g o f u n it a n d p la n t d isch a rg es. T h e ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t in sta lle d is p r e se n ted in d e ta il, a s w ell as it s a d a p ta tio n a s a n a u to m a tic g u id e t o o p e r a tio n , r esu ltin g in a p p reciab le b en efits th r o u g h h ig h er o p era tin g efficien cies. I n t r o d u c t io n A L T H O U G H continuous autom atic accounting of unit disf - \ charge is not new, several recent improvements and developments have entirely changed the aspect of desirability for apparatus of this kind, as many of the shortcomings of earlier installations, limiting their usefulness, have been successfully overcome. While, in some plants, autom atic water accounting has been carried out for years, the necessary equipment has often been regarded as a luxury, particularly, as its sole purpose was usually confined to collecting runoff data a t the project site to augment records of existing gaging stations or, perhaps, replace those of stations rendered inoperative in a project area due to construction of a particular plant. Since the accuracy of river gaging is essentially not very high, and decidedly lower than th a t required for turbine-discharge measurements for acceptance tests, it has been standard practice to keep unit- and powerhouse-draft records by means of computations based on power output. A t the same time, however, it has been generally recognized th a t the installation of input-measuring apparatus would be highly desirable, if and when unit-discharge and station-totalizing equipment of sufficient accuracy and within economical reach were available to serve as a yardstick for plant operation, both as to proper and efficient loading of the units and to detect troubles affecting their efficiencies. To illustrate the difficulty of the solution to this problem, it may be mentioned that, while equipm ent of this kind was contemplated a t Safe Harbor a t the outset of construction in 1930, as a t th at time already certain provisions had to be incorporated in the substructure, on the generator-room floor, in the conduit system, and in the control room, nevertheless, the various investigations and development work required a substantial am ount of time and it was not until late in 1938 th at suitable equipment was finally installed. possible consistency, sensitivity, and suitability of various apparatus. In the first place, it had to be established th a t the index method, based on differential piezometer deflection, is of sufficient accuracy as a basis of continuous water measurements. P ie z o m e t e r I n s t a l l a t io n In each of the substructures of the six main units comprising the initial development, there were installed three piezometers of the W inter-Kennedy type2 in the turbine scroll and two piezometers of the Peck type3 on one of the stay vanes of the speed ring, Fig. 1. While one of the W inter-Kennedy taps was placed in the high-pressure low-velocity region, the two other taps were located radially opposite thereto a t the speed ring in the lowpressure high-velocity region, one just above the speed ring and the other tapped in the crown of the speed ring. The Peck piezometer locations are shown in Fig. 2, the im pact tap in the nose and the low-pressure tap in the flank of the stay vane. In the first four main units to be installed, the Peck impact tap was located a t the nose tip. On the fifth main unit it was placed a t a slight angle to the longitudinal axis of the stay vane, ,/ i in. from the nose tip, and on the sixth unit to be installed a t a still larger angle, th a t is, 45 deg and 2*/i« in. from the stayvane tip. A t the same tim e, some shift in upstream direction of the Peck low-pressure tap was also made on the latter two units. In addition, two auxiliary piezometer openings were located at 2 “ Im proved T ype of Flow M e ter,” by I. A. W inter, Proc. A m erican Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 59, p a rt 1, 1933, pp. 565-584. * “ Tw o M ethods of M easuring W ater to H ydraulic T u rb in es,” Power, vol. 77, M arch, 1933, pp. 126-127. 1— IN V E S T IG A T IO N S PU R S U E D The various investigations carried out dealt not only with the exploration of the principle to be employed, but also with the 1 H ydraulic E ngineer, Safe H arbor Pow er C orporation. M em . A .S.M .E. C ontributed b y th e H ydraulic D ivision and presented a t the A nnual M eeting, N ew Y ork, N. Y „ D ecem ber 2-6, 1940, of T h e A m e r ic a n S o c ie t y o f M e c h a n ic a l E n g i n e e r s . N o t e : S tatem en ts and opinions advanced in papers are to be F i g . 1 understood as individual expressions of th eir authors, and n o t those of th e Society. 369 W i n t e r - K e n n e d y P i e z o m e t e r -S y s t e m I n s t a l l a t io n a t M a i n U n i t s (Taps Ri, Rs, and R*.)
Page 1: Transactions of the A.S.M.E. Turbin
Page 5 and 6: MOUSSON— TURBINE DISCHARGE M ETER
Page 7 and 8: MOUSSON—TU R B IN E D ISCHARG E M
Page 9 and 10: MOUSSON—TU R B IN E DISCHA RG E M
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Page 13 and 14: MOUSSON—TURBINE DISCHARGE METERIN
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Page 17 and 18: M O l'S i( >N—TU R B IN E DISCHA
Page 19 and 20: Speed R egulation of K aplan T urbi
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B EN JA M IN , M ILL E R —T H E F
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BENJAM IN, M ILLER—THE FLOW OF SA
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BENJAM IN, M ILLER —T H E FLOW OF
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BEN JA M IN , M ILLER—T H E FLOW
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R em arks on the A nalogy B etw een
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BOELTER, M A RTINK LLI, JONASSEN—
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BOELTER, M A R TIN ELLI, JONASSEN
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Transactions A.S.M.E.

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