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Lessons from Micronutrient Studies in Patients with Glucose ...

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Proposed Sites of Chromium & Vanadium Action<br />

<strong>Glucose</strong><br />

Insul<strong>in</strong><br />

Insul<strong>in</strong><br />

Receptor<br />

α unit<br />

β unit<br />

P<br />

Cr (Insul<strong>in</strong> b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g)<br />

ATP<br />

Cr, V ( PTPase)<br />

Cr ( Receptor k<strong>in</strong>ase)<br />

P<br />

IRS-1<br />

P<br />

V ( PTPase)<br />

Phosporylation<br />

Cascades<br />

<strong>Glucose</strong><br />

Transporter<br />

Prote<strong>in</strong><br />

Synthesis<br />

Lipid<br />

Synthesis<br />

Glycogen<br />

Synthesis<br />

Growth<br />

Gene Expression<br />

PTPase = phosphotyrosyl prote<strong>in</strong> phosphatase

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