Papua Needs Assessment - UNDP

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• Capable but severely constrained civil society organizations • Lack of locally-responsive programme designs • Communities with extremely varied histories and conditions but common needs for basic social services. Since the advent of Special Autonomy, there have been significant increases in the allocation of financial resources to Papua by the central government. However, due to the local government authorities’ limited capacities, the additional funds have not yet produced the results expected for the benefit of the local population. People in the many areas outside the district (kecamatan) centres do not have reliable or adequate access to clean water, power, teachers, health workers or markets. Women, children and other vulnerable groups receive little priority in government policies and the provision of social services. Civil society organizations, and in particular those religious organizations that have long served local and remote populations, have limited access to the increased resources available to local government. Overall public engagement in government policy and programmes is low, however with the vibrant civil society in Papua, demands for greater public participation, influence and development benefits are growing. Natural resources, which are the mainstay of Papuans’ subsistence economy, are under increasing pressure from commercial exploitation. A major factor in this problem is a lack of clarity in existing laws and local administrators’ limited capacity to manage renewable natural resources in a sustainable way. The potential for conflict within communities and between local people and outsiders is also increasing, particularly in relation to the mismanagement of natural resources, but also due to the growing disparities and social changes that many local communities are experiencing. Local community, CSO and government accounts of previous development initiatives in Papua repeat the message that development assistance must be long-term, focused on developing capacities, and must keep people as the focus of development benefits. There is broad agreement that cooperation and coordination between all development actors, both local and external, should be improved, so that lessons and successes are more widely and deeply understood. Furthermore, coordination between these actors is seen as a way to couple the considerable resources of the government and donors with the local knowledge of CSOs. While supporting development in Papua requires concentrating on ‘the basics’, the dynamics of Papuan society make it a complex and demanding environment for more effective development assistance. Throughout the PNA, considerable time and resources have been devoted to fostering relationships in Papua and respecting local pace and contexts. The UNDP’s focus in the PNA was at least as much on the process as on the content of the assessment activities, as the ultimate objective was to formulate a locally-owned framework for appropriate development assistance for Papua. Establishing cooperation and mutual learning were seen as an important operational norm for the PNA as well as for the future long-term programme amongst donors wishing to support the achievement of the MDGs in Papua. 2
1. Introduction From a development perspective, Papua has long been one of Indonesia’s most challenging regions. Its vastness and remoteness has at once helped to preserve some of the richest cultural, linguistic and ecological diversity in the world, while presenting unique challenges to the development initiatives of local people, the Indonesian government and civil society actors. In the past, a lack of understanding of local context has often hindered the effectiveness of development efforts. Moreover, the unique diversity of cultures has meant that communities often have different priorities and divergent understandings of development objectives. Although Papua is one of the richest provinces in terms of GRDP per capita, there are vast segments of the population that do not yet have access to public education and health services and are in many regards considered ‘poor’ or, as some Papuans prefer, “not yet fortunate”. In 2004 the Government of Indonesia requested that the UNDP facilitate a needs assessment as the basis for a strategic framework for a long-term development programme for Papua. Papua’s local government has also laid out a grand strategy for development, expressing its own view of Papuan needs and priorities. This strategy places the highest priority on health, education, livelihoods and basic/community infrastructure and is consistent with the basic human development objectives articulated by the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs). The Papua Needs Assessment has sought to integrate these differing perspectives of development into a coherent picture of development needs. This report presents the results of the assessment examining both the broad, cross-cutting factors of development (i.e. cultural, environmental, economic, governance factors) as well as the specific priority areas of development in Papua (i.e. health, education, community livelihoods, and infrastructure). It portrays a vision of development shared by communities and the government alike, while highlighting the distinct contextual issues that affect how this vision can be achieved. 3
Page 2 and 3: Papua Needs Assessment An Overview
Page 4 and 5: FORWARD This Papua Needs Assessment
Page 8 and 9: 2. Assessment objectives and method
Page 10 and 11: 3. General Assessment 3.1 Overview
Page 12 and 13: Of the 7.2 million hectares of arab
Page 14 and 15: 3.3 Land and environment As noted e
Page 16 and 17: Some resources appear robust enough
Page 18 and 19: 4. Governance As discussed above, t
Page 20 and 21: also far lower than in other provin
Page 22 and 23: The DOK allocations (Dana Otonomi K
Page 24 and 25: conditions and/or effectively share
Page 26 and 27: • Schools are far from villages;
Page 28 and 29: their only choice because there are
Page 30 and 31: 6. A strategic framework for develo
Page 32 and 33: and expenditure, reporting and veri
Page 34: 7. Documents produced during Papua

Papua Needs Assessment - UNDP

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